Cryptococcosis

Advances in Pharmacology

Volumn 37, Issue C, 1996, Pages 215-251

  Aberg, Judith A ^a   Powderly, William G ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956769065     PISSN: 10543589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60951-5     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Bennett J.E., Dismukes W.E., Duma R.J., Medoff G., Sande M.A., Gallis H., Leonard J., Fields B.T., Bradshaw M., Haywood H., McGee Z.A., Cate T.R., Cobbs C.G., Warner J.F., and Alling D.W. A comparison of amphotericin B alone and combined with flucytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 301 (1979) 126-131
2. Berry A.J., Rinaldi M.G., and Graybill J.R. Use of high-dose fluconazole as salvage therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36 (1992) 690-692
3. Blasi E., Barluzzi R., Mazzolla R., Pitzurra L., Puliti M., Saleppico S., and Bistoni F. Biomolecular events involved in anticryptococcal resistance in the brain. Infect. Immun. 63 (1995) 1218-1222
4. Bozzette S.A., Larsen R.A., Chiu J., Leal M.A.E., Jacobsen J., Rothman P., Robinson P., Gilbert G., McCutchan J.A., Tilles J., Leedom J.M., and Richman D.D. N. Engl. J. Med. 324 (1991) 580-584 California Collaborative Treatment Group
5. Brajtburg J., Powderly W.G., Kobayashi G.S., and Medoff G. Amphotericin B: Current understanding of mechanisms of action. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34 (1990) 183-188
6. Brajtburg J., Powderly W.G., Kobayashi G.S., and Medoff G. Amphotericin B: Delivery systems. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34 (1990) 381-384
7. Brouhard B.H., and Baetz-Greenwalt B. Calcium-channel blocking agents as therapy for amphotericin B nephrotoxicity. Clev. Clin. J. Med. 59 (1992) 263-264
8. Bulmer G.S. Twenty-five years with Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycopathologia 109 (1990) 111-112
9. Cameron M.L., Bartlett J.A., Gallis H.A., and Waskin H.A. Manifestations of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13 (1991) 64-67
10. Casadevall A., Spitzer E.D., Webb D., and Rinaldi M.G. Susceptibilities of serial Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from patients with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis to amphotericin B and fluconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37 (1993) 1383-1386
11. Cherniak R., Morris L.C., Belay T., Spitzer E.D., and Casadevall A. Variation in the structure of glucuronoxylomannan in isolates from patients with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis. Infect. Immun. 63 (1995) 1899-1905
12. Clements Jr. J.S., and Peacock Jr. J.E. Amphotericin B revisited: Reassessment of toxicity. Am. J. Med. 88 (1990) 22N-27N
13. Colombo A.L., Barchiesi F., McGough D.A., and Rinaldi M.G. Comparison of Etest and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth macrodilution method for azole antifungal susceptibility testing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 (1995) 535-540
14. Como J.A., and Dismukes W.E. Oral azole drugs as systemic antifungal therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 330 (1994) 263-272
15. Crump J.R.C., Elner S.G., Elner V.M., and Kauffman C.A. Cryptococcal endophthalmitis: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14 (1992) 1069-1073
16. Cruz J.M., Peacock Jr. J.E., Loomer L., Holder L.W., Evans G.W., Powell B.L., Lyerly E.S., and Capizzi R.L. Rapid infusion of amphotericin B: A pilot study. Am. J. Med. 93 (1992) 123-130
17. Cruz M.C., Bartlett M.S., and Edlind T.D. In vitro susceptibility of the opportunistic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans to anthelmintic benzimidazoles. Antimicrob. Agents Cbemother. 38 (1994) 378-380
18. Currie B.P., Freundlich L.F., Soto M.A., and Casadevall A. False-negative cerebro-spinal fluid cryptococcal latex agglutination tests for patients with culture-positive cryptococcal meningitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31 (1993) 2519-2522
19. Currie B.P., and Casadevall A. Estimation of the prevalence of cryptococcal infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in New York City. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19 (1994) 1029-1033
20. de Gans J., Portegeis P., Tiessens G., Schattenkerk J.K., van Boxtel M.E.C.J., van Ketel R.J., and Stam J. Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 6 (1992) 185-190
21. Deshaw M., and Pirofski L.A. Antibodies to the Cryptococus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan are ubiquitous in serum from HIV+ and HIV- individuals. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 99 (1995) 425-432
22. Devi S.J.N., Schneerson R., Egan W., Ulrich T.J., Bryla D., Robbins J.B., and Bennett J.E. Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A glucuronoxylomanna-protein conjugate vaccines: Synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity. Infect. Immun. 59 (1991) 3700-3707
23. Dismukes W.E. Management of cryptococcosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17 (1993) S507-SS12
24. Dismukes W.E., Cloud G., Gallis H., Kerkering T.M., Medoff G., Craven P.C., Kaplowitz L.G., Fisher J.F., Gregg C.R., Bowles C.A., Shadomy S., Stamm A.M., Diasio R.B., Kaufman L., Soong S., Blackwelder W.C., and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination amphotericin B and flucytosine for four as compared with six weeks. N. Engl. J. Med. 6 (1987) 334-341
25. Driver J.A., Saunders C.A., Heinze-Lacey B., and Sugar A.M. Cryptococcal pneumonia in AIDS: Is cryptococcal meningitis preceded by clinically recognizable pneumonia. AIDS 9 (1995) 168-171
26. Druetta A., Freydiere A., Guinet R., and Gille Y. Evaluation of five commercial antifungal susceptibility testing systems. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 12 (1993) 336-342
27. Drutz D.J. Rapid infusion of amphotericin B: It is safe, effective, and wise. Am. J. Med. 93 (1992) 119-121
28. Durden F.M., and Elewski B. Cutaneous involvement with Cryptococcus neoformans in AIDS. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30 (1994) 844-848
29. Ellis D.H., and Pfeiffer T.J. Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Lancet 336 (1990) 923-925
30. Ellis M.E., Al-Hokail A.A., Clink H.M., Padmos M.A., Ernst P., Spence D.G., Tharpe W.N., and Hillier V.F. Double-blind randomized study of the effect of infusion rates on toxicity of amphotericin B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36 (1992) 172-179
31. Ennis D.M., and Saag M.S. Cryptococal meningitis in AIDS. Hosp. Pract. 28 (1993) 99-112
32. Galgiani J.N. Susceptibility of Candida albicans and other yeasts to fluconazole: Relation between in vitro and in vivo studies. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (1990) S272-S275
33. Gallis H.A., Drew R.H., and Pickard W.W. Amphotericin B: 30 years of clinical experience. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (1990) 308-329
34. Ghannoum M.A., Spellberg B.J., Ibrahim A.S., Ritchie J.A., Currie B.P., Spitzer E.D., Edwards Jr. J.E., and Casadevall A. Sterol composition of Cryptococcus neofomans in the presence and absence of fluconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38 (1994) 2029-2033
35. Goa K.L., and Barradell L.B. Fluconazole. An update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in major superficial and systemic mycoses in immunocompromised patients. Drugs 50 (1995) 658-690
36. Gokhale P.C., Barapatre R.J., Advani S.H., Kshirsagar N.A., and Pandya S.K. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of liposomal amphotericin B in patients. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 32 (1993) 133-139
37. Gordon P.M., Ormerod A.D., Harvey G., Atkinson P., and Best P.V. Cutaneous cryptococcal infection without immunodeficiency. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 19 (1994) 181-184
38. Grasela Jr. T.H., Goodwin S.D., Walawander M.K., Cramer R.L., Fuhs D.W., and Moriarty V.P. Prospective surveillance of intravenous amphotericin B use patterns. Pharmacotherapy 10 (1990) 341-348
39. Graybill J.R., Craven P.C., Taylor R.L., Williams D.M., and Magee W.E. Treatment of murine cryptococcosis with liposome-associated amphotericin B. J. Infect. Dis. 145 (1982) 748-751
40. Hart L.L., Middleton R.K., and McQueen K.D. Amphotericin B dilution. DICP Ann. Pharmacother. 24 (1990) 597-598
41. Haynes M.P., Buckley H.R., Higgins M.L., and Pieringer R.A. Synergism between the antifungal agents amphotericin B and alkyl glycerol ethers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38 (1994) 1523-1529
42. Hoeprich P.D. Clinical use of amphotericin B and derivatives: Lore, mystique, and fact. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14 (1992) S114-S119
43. 7 isomerase in a Cryptococcus neoformans strain from an AIDS patient. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 122 (1994) 39-42
44. Kerkering T.M., Duma R.J., and Shadomy S. The evolution of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 94 (1981) 611-616
45. Khoo S.H., Bond J., and Denning D.W. Administering amphotericin B-A practical approach. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 33 (1994) 203-213
46. Kintzel P.E., and Smith G.H. Practical guidelines for preparing and administering amphotericin B. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 49 (1992) 1156-1164
47. Kozel T.R. Activation of the complement system by the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. 5 (1993) 1-26
48. Kwon-Chung K.J., Pfeiffer T., Chang Y.C., Wickes B.L., Mitchell D., and Stern J.J. Molecular biology of Cryptococcus neoformans and therapy of cryptococcosis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32 (1994) 407-415
49. Larsen R.A., Bozzette S., McCutchan J.A., Chiu J., Leal M.A., and Richman D. Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans infection of the prostate after successful treatment of meningitis. Ann. Intern. Med. 111 (1989) 125-128 California Collaborative Treatment Group
50. Larsen R.A., Leal M.A.E., and Chan L.S. Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. Ann. Inter. Med. 113 (1990) 183-187
51. Larsen R.A., Bozzette S.A., Jones B.E., Haghighat D., Leal M.A., Forthal D., Bauer M., Tilles J.G., McCutchan J.A., and Leedom J.M. Fluconazole combined with flucytosine for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19 (1994) 741-745
52. Lazar J.D., and Wilner K.D. Drug interactions with fluconazole. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (1990) S327-S333
53. Levitz S.M. The Ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13 (1991) 1163-1169
54. Levitz S.M., Tabuni A., Kornfeld H., Reardon C.C., and Golenbock D.T. Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human leukocytes stimulated by Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 62 (1994) 1975-1981
55. Llanos A., Cieza J., Bernardo J., Echevarria J., Biaggioni I., Sabra R., and Branch R.A. Effect of salt supplementation on amphotericin B nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int. 40 (1991) 302-308
56. Lopez-Berestein G., Bodey G.P., Fainstein V., Keating M., Frankel L.S., Zeluff B., Gentry L., and Mehta K. Treatment of systemic fungal infections with liposomal amphotericin B. Arch. Intern. Med. 149 (1989) 2533-2536
57. Madrenys N., De Vroey C., Raes-Wuytack C., and Torres-Rodriguez J.M. Identification of the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans from 195 clinical isolates including 84 from AIDS patients. Mycopathologia 123 (1993) 65-68
58. Maresca B., Bennett J., Fonzi W., Hitchcock C.A., Lodge J.K., and Williamson P.R. Molecular approaches to identify novel targets for future development of antifugal agents. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32 (1994) S287-S298
59. McGrath K., Bertram J.F., Houghton S., Boothman J., Manderson J.A., and Minchinton R. Amphotericin B-induced injury in stored human platelets. Transfusion 32 (1992) 46-50
60. Meyer R.D. Current role of therapy with amphotericin B. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14 (1992) S154-S160
61. Miller G.P.G. The immunology of cryptococcal disease. Semin. Respir. Infect. 1 (1986) 45-52
62. Mitchell T.G., and Perfect J.R. Cryptococcosis in the ERA of AIDS-100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8 (1995) 515-548
63. Moskovitz B.L., Wiesinger B., and Cryptococcal Meningitis Research Group. Randomized comparative trial of itraconazole and fluconazole for treatment of AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis. "Abstracts of the 1st National Conference on Human Retroviruses," (1993), American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC. 34
64. Murphy S. Amphotericin B and platelet transfusion. Transfusion 32 (1992) 7-8
65. Nicholl T., Phillips P., and Jewesson P.J. Amphotericin B use in a major acute care hospital. Clin. Ther. 16 (1994) 28-40
66. Nightingale S.D. Initial therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cryptococcosis with fluconazole. Arch. Intern. Med. 155 (1995) 538-540
67. Nightingale S.D., Cal S.X., Peterson D.M., Loss S.D., Gamble B.A., Watson D.A., Manzone C.P., Baker J.E., and Jockusch J.D. Primary prophylaxis with fluconazole against systemic fungal infections in HIV-positive patients. AIDS 6 (1992) 191-194
68. Ohwada J., Umeda I., Ontsuka H., Aoki Y., and Shimma N. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel antifungal agent, azoxybacillin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42 (1994) 1703-1705
69. Paugam A., Dupouy-Camet J., Blanche P., Gangneux J.P., Tourte-Schaefer C., and Sicard D. Increased fluconazole resistance of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from a patient with AIDS and recurrent meningitis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19 (1994) 975-976
70. Perfect J.R. Cryptococcosis. Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 3 (1989) 77-102
71. Perfect J.R., and Wright K.A. Amphotericin B lipid complex in the treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis and disseminated candidosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemoher. 33 (1994) 73-81
72. Pfaller M.A., Rinaldi M.G., Galgiani J.N., Bartlett M.S., Body B.A., Espinel-Ingroff A., Fromtling R.A., Hall G.S., Hughes C.E., Odds F.C., and Sugar A.M. Collaborative investigation of variables in susceptibility testing of yeasts. Antimicrobial. Agents Chemother. 34 (1990) 1648-1654
73. Pfaller M.A., Dupont B., Kobayashi G.S., Muller J., Rinaldi M.G., Espinel-Ingroff A., Shadomy S., Troke P.F., Walsh T.J., and Warnock D.W. Standardized susceptibility testing of fluconazole: An international collaborative study. Anttmicrob. Agents Chemother. 36 (1992) 1805-1809
74. Pinner R.W., Hajjeh R.A., and Powderly W.G. Prospects for preventing cryptococcosis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21 (1995) S103-Sl07
75. Polacheck I., Lebens G., and Hicks J.B. Development of DNA probes for early diagnosis and epidemiological study of cryptococcosis in AIDS patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (1992) 925-930
76. Powderly W.G., Saag M.S., Cloud G.A., Robinson P., Meyer R.D., Jacobson J.M., Graybill J.R., Sugar A.M., McAuliffe V.J., Follansbee S.E., Tuazon C.U., Stern J.J., Feinberg J., Hafner R., and Dismukes W.E. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 326 (1992) 793-798 NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and the NIAID Mycoses Study Group
77. Powderly W.G., Keath E.J., Sokol-Anderson M., Robinson K., Kitz D., Little J.R., and Kobayashi G. Amphotericin B-resistant Cyptococcus neoformans in a patient with AIDS. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 1 (1992) 314-316
78. Powderly W.G., Cloud G.A., Dismukes W.E., and Saag M.S. Measurement of cryptococcal antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid: Value in the management of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18 (1994) 789-792
79. Powderly W.G., Finkelstein D.M., Feinberg J., Frame P., He W., Waskin H., Hooton T.M., Hyslop N., Spector S.A., and Bozzette S.A. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332 (1995) 700-705 NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group
80. Quagliarello V.J., Viscoli C., and Horwitz R.I. Primary prevention of cryptococcal meningitis by fluconazole in HIV-infected patients. Lancet 345 (1995) 548-552
81. Ricchi E., Mandredi R., Scarani P., Costigliola P., and Chiodo F. Cutaneous cryptococcosis and AIDS. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 25 (1991) 335-336
82. Rozenbaum R., and Goncalves A.J.R. Clinical epidemiological study of 171 cases of cryptococcosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18 (1994) 369-380
83. Saag M.S., Powderly W.G., Cloud G.A., Robinson P., Grieco M.H., Sharkey P.K., Thompson S.E., Sugar A.M., Tuazon C.U., Fisher J.F., Hyslop N., Jacobson J.M., Hafner R., and Dismukes W.E. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 326 (1992) 83-89 NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group
84. Saag M., Van der Horst C., Cloud G., Hamill R., Graybill R., Sobel J., Johnson P., Tuazon C., Kerkering T., Fisher J., Henderson H., Stansell J., Mildvan D., Riser L., Schneider D., Hafner R., Thomas C., Weisinger B., Moskovitz B., and NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. Part 2. Randomized double-blind comparison of amphotericin B plus flucytosine (AMB+FC) to AMB (step 1) followed by a comparison of fluconazole (FLU) to itraconazole (ITRA) (step 2) in the treatment of acute cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1995), American Society for Microbiology, San Francisco Abstract 1217
85. Saag M.S., Cloud G.C., Graybill J.R., Sobel J., Tuazon C., Wiesinger B., Riser L., Moskovitz B.L., Dismukes W.E., and NIAID Mycoses Study Group. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1995), American Society for Microbiology, San Francisco Abstract 1218
86. Sabra R., and Branch R.A. Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity. Drug Safety 5 (1990) 94-108
87. Sarosi G.A. Amphotericin B still the "gold standard" for antifungal therapy. Postgrad. Med. 88 (1990) 151-166
88. Schmitt H.J. New methods of delivery of amphotericin B. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17 (1993) S501-S506
89. Shahab S.T., Habte-Gabr E., and Fedorko D. Significance of cryptococcal antigen titers in patients with AIDS. South. Med. J. 84 (1991) 1407-1408
90. Sheehan D.J., Espinel-Ingroff A., Moore L.S., and Webb C.D. Antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts: A brief overview. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17 (1993) S494-S500
91. Speed B., and Dunt D. Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Infect. Dis. 21 (1995) 28-34
92. Starr J.C., Che H., and Montgomery J. Cryptococcal pneumonia simulating chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. South. Med. J. 88 (1995) 845-846
93. Tanner D.C., Weinstein M.P., Fedorciw B., Joho K.L., Thorpe J.J., and Reller L.B. Comparison of commcrcial kits for detection of cryptococcal antigen. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32 (1994) 1680-1684
94. Torres-Guererro H., and Edman J.C. Melanin-deficient mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32 (1994) 303-313
95. Troke P.F., Andrews R.J., Pye G.W., and Richardson K. Fluconazole and other azoles: Translation of in vitro activity to in vivo and clinical efficacy. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (1990) S276-S280
96. Turnidge J.D., Gudmundsson S., Vogelman B., and Craig W.A. The postantibiotic effect of antifungal agents against common pathogenic yeasts. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 34 (1994) 83-92
97. Valero G., and Graybill J. Successful treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion: Report of four cases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39 (1995) 2588-2590
98. Van der Horst C., Saag M., Cloud G., Hamill R., Graybill R., Sobel J., Johnson P., Tuazon C., Kerkering T., Fisher J., Henderson H., Stansell J., Mildvan D., Riser L., Schneider D., Hafner R., Thomas C., Weisinger B., Moskovitz B., and NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. Part 1. Randomized double-blind comparison of amphotericin B plus flucytosine (AMB+FC) to AMB alone (step 1) followed by a comparison of fluconazole to itraconazole (step 2) in the treatment of acute cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1995), American Society for Microbiology, San Francisco Abstract 1216
99. Varma A., and Kwon-Chung K.J. Rapid method to extract DNA from Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29 (1991) 810-812
100. Varma A., and Kwon-Chung K.J. DNA probe for strain typing of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (1992) 2960-2967
101. Warnock D.W. Amphotericin B: An introduction. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 28 (1991) S27-S38
102. Zebedee S.L., Koduri R.K., Mukherjee J., Mukherjee S., Lee S., Sauer D.F., Scharff M.D., and Casadevall A. Mouse-human immunoglobulin G1 chimeric antibodies with activities against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38 (1994) 1507-1514