Oxisols

Advances in Agronomy

Volumn 68, Issue C, 1999, Pages 151-195

  Buol, S W ^a   Eswaran, H ^b  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b USDA NRCS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956672242     PISSN: 00652113     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60845-7     Document Type: Article

References (170)

1. Alexander L.T., and Cady J.G. Genesis and hardening of laterites in soils. U.S., Dep. Agric., Tech. Bull. 1282 (1962) 1-90
2. J.P. Andriesse, (1987). "Monitoring Project of Nutrient Cycling in Soils Used for Shifting Cultivation under Various Climatic Conditions in Asia," Final Report; Part I. Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3. Aubert G. Les sols latéritique. Trans. Int. Congr. Soil Sci., 5th, Leopoldville 1 (1954) 103-118 1954
4. Aubert G. "Classification des Sols," (1958), Compte Rendu. Reunion Sous-comité, Congo Brazza-ville
5. Baldwin M., Kellogg C.E., and Thorp J. Soil classification. "Soils and Men," (1938), U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 979-1001 USDA Year Book Agric.
6. Barnhisel R.I. Chlorites and hydroxy interlayered vermiculite and smectite. In: Dixon J.B., and Weed S.B. (Eds). "Minerals in Soil Environments" (1977), Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI 331-356
7. J. Bennema, R.C. Lemos, & L. Vetturs, (1959). Latosols in Brazil. Int. Afr. Soils Conf., 3rd, Dalaba, vol. 1, pp. 273-281
8. Bennema J.A., Jongerius A., and Lemos R.C. Micromorphology of some oxic and argillic horizons in South Brazil in relation to weathering sequences. Geoderma 4 (1970) 333-355
9. Beinroth F.H. Some highly weathered soils of Puerto Rico. 1. Morphology, formation and Classification. Geoderma 27 (1982) 1-73
10. In: Beinroth F.H., and Panichapong S. (Eds). "Proceedings of Second International Soil Classification Workshop". Part II (1978), Thailand. Dept. of Land Development, Bangkok, Thailand
11. In: Beinroth F.H., and Paramanathan S. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Second International Soil Classification Workshop. Part I. Malaysia." (1978), Dept. of Land Development, Bangkok, Thailand
12. Beinroth F.H., Uehara G., and Ikawa H. Geomorphic relations of Oxisols and Ultisols on Kauai, Hawaii. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 38 (1974) 128-131
13. Beinroth, F. H., Neel, H., and Eswaran, H., eds. (1983). "Proceedings of the Fourth International Soil Classification Workshop, Rwanda". Part 1. Papers; Part 2. Field Trip Background and Soil Data, Agric. Ed. 4. ABOS-AGDC, Brussels, Belgium.
14. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop: Characterization, Classification, and Utilization of Oxisols." (1988), EMBRAPA-SNLCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
15. Bigham J.M., Golden D.C., Buol S.W., Weed S.B., and Bowen L.H. Iron oxide mineralogy of well-drained Ultisols and Oxisols: II. Influence on color, surface area, and phosphate retention. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42 (1978) 825-830
16. Bonifas M. Contribution à l'étude géochimique de l'alteration latérique. Mem. Serv. Carte Geol. Alsace Lorraine 17 (1959) 1-159
17. J.V. Botelho da Costa, (1954). Sure quelques questions de nomenclature des sols des regions tropicales. C. R. Conf. Int. Sols Afr., Leopoldville, Congo, Vol. 2, pp. 1099-1103.
18. Botelho da J.V. Costa, (1959). Ferralitic, tropical fersiallitic and tropical semi-arid soils: Definitions adopted in the classification of the soils of Angola. Int. Afr. Soils Conf., 3rd, Dalaba, Vol. I, pp. 317-319.
19. Brewer R. "Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soils." (1964), Wiley, New York 172
20. Buchanan F. "A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Kanara and Malabar," 2 (1807), East India Co., London 436-461
21. S.W. Buol, & H. Eswaran, (1978). Micromorphology of Oxisols. Proc. Int. Work. Meet. Soil Micromorphol., 5th, Granada, Spain, pp. 325-328.
22. S.W. Buol, & H. Eswaran, (1988). "International Committee on Oxisols: Final Report," Tech. Monogr. No. 17. Soil Management Support Services, Washington, DC.
23. Buol S.W., Hole F.D., McCracken R.J., and Southard R.J. "Soil Genesis and Classification,". 4th ed. (1997), Iowa State University Press, Ames
24. Buurman P., and Soepraptohardjo M. Oxisols and associated soils on ultramafic and felsic volcanic rocks in Indonesia. In: Buurman P. (Ed). "Red Soils in Indonesia" (1980), Cent. Agric. Publ. Doc, Wageningen, The Netherlands 71-87 Bull. No. 4
25. Calvert C.S., Buol S.W., and Weed S.B. Mineralogical characteristics and transformations of a vertical rock-saprolite-soil sequence in the North Carolina piedmont: I. Profile morphology, chemical composition, and mineralogy. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44 (1980) 1096-1103
26. Calvert C.S., Buol S.W., and Weed S.B. Mineralogical characteristics and transformations of a vertical rock-saprolite-soil sequence in the North Carolina piedmont: II. Feldspar alteration products-their transformations through the profile. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44 (1980) 1104-1112
27. In: Camargo M.N., and Beinroth F.H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the First International Soil Classification Workshop." (1978), EMBRAPA-SNLCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
28. Camargo M.N., Olmos I.L., Palmieri F., Rodrigues T.E., Jocomine P.K.T., Mothci E.P., Potter R.O., de Carvalho A.P., Rauen M.J., dos Santos H.G., Pessoa S.C.P., and do Amaral J.A.M. "Mapa De Solos Do Brasil." (1981), EMBRAPA-SNLCS, Impresso na Cia. Editora Grafica Barbero, Brasil
29. Carvalho A., Chauvel A., and Goncalves N.M. Alteration of basalt and formation of kaolinitic and gibbsitic material in the region of Riberao Preto (SP), Brazil. "Proceedings of the Second International Seminar on Laterization Processes," (1983), Astronomico Geofisico, Sao Paulo, Brazil 477-489 Sao Paulo, USP. 1
30. Charter C.F. Report on the environmental conditions prevailing in Block A, Southern Province, Taganyika Territory, with special reference to the large-scale mechanized production of ground-nuts. Ghana Dep. Soil Land Use Surv., Occas. Pap. 1 (1958) 1-37
31. Cline M.G. Basic principles of soil classification. Soil Sci. 67 (1949) 81-91
32. Cline M.G. Logic of the new system of soil classification. Soil Sci. 96 (1963) 17-22
33. Cline M.G. Origin of the term Latosol. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 39 (1975) 162
34. Cline M.G., and Buol S.W. "Soils of the Central Plateau of Brazil," (1973), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Agron. Mimeo 73-13
35. Comerma J.A., and Chirinos A.V. "Caracteristicas de alugnos suelos con y sin horizonte argilico en las mesas orientales de Venezuela," IV (1976), Congreso Venez. Cienc. del Suelo, Maturin
36. Couto W., Sanzonowicz C., and De Barcellos O.A. Factors affecting oxidation-reduction processes in an Oxisol with a seasonal water table. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49 (1985) 1245-1248
37. CPCS (1967). "Classification des Sols," Lab. Geol. Pedol., Ecole Nat. Super. Agron. (Grignon, France) 87 p
38. Cravo M.S., and Smyth T.J. Manejo sustentado da fertilidade de um Latossolo da Amazonia Central sob cultivos sucessivos. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 21 (1997) 607-616
39. Curi N., and de Camargo O.A. Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of Brazilian oxisols. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop. Part 1. Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 56-63
40. Curi N., and Lopes A.S. Difficulties in the application of soil taxonomy in Brazil and the Brazilian experience in building up Oxisols' fertility. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop. Part 1. Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 231-235
41. Del Villar E.H. In: Robinson G.W. (Ed). "Los suelos de la Oeninsular Luso-Iberica" (1937), Murby, London (English Translation by
42. Dokuchaev V.V. "Writings" (1898), Akad. Nauk, Moscow (in Russian), Bol. 6, 1951, 381
43. El Swaify S.A. Physical and mechanical properties of Oxisols. In: Theng B.K.G. (Ed). "Soils with Variable Charge" (1980), Soils Bureau, DSIR, Lower Hutt, New Zealand 303-324
44. Eswaran H. Micromorphological indicators of pedogenesis in some tropical soils derived from basalts from Nicaragua. Geoderma 7 (1972) 15-31
45. Eswaran H., and Bin W.C. A study of a deep weathering profile on granite in Peninsular Malaysia: I. Physico-chemical and micromorphological properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42 (1978) 144-149
46. Eswaran H., and Bin W.C. A study of a deep weathering profile on granite in Peninsular Malaysia: II. Mineralogy of the clay, silt, and sand fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42 (1978) 149-153
47. Eswaran H., and Bin W.C. A study of a deep weathering profile on granite in Peninsular Malaysia: III. Alteration of feldspars. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42 (1978) 154-158
48. Eswaran H., and Paramanathan S. Soil families in Peninsular Malaysia. Malays. Agric. J. 51 (1977) 15-28
49. Eswaran H., and Raghumohan N.G. The micro-fabric of petroplinthite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 37 (1973) 79-81
50. Eswaran H., and Sys C. An evaluation of the free iron in Tropical basaltic soils. Pedologie 20 (1970) 62-85
51. Eswaran H., and Tavernier R. Classification and genesis of Oxisols. In: Theng B.K.G. (Ed). "Soils with Variable Charge" (1980), Soils Bureau, DSIR, Lower Hutt, New Zealand 427-442
52. Eswaran H., Sys C., and Ananthraman P.V. A study of two Paleustults from the savannah in northern Zaire. In: Obeng H.B., and Kwakye P.K. (Eds). "Classification and Management of Savanna Soils" (1975), Soil Res. Institute, Kumasi, Ghana 59-83
53. Eswaran H., Stoops G., and Sys C. The micromorphology of gibbsite forms in soils. J. Soil Sci. 28 (1977) 136-143
54. H. Eswaran, C.H. Lim, V. Sooryanarayanan, & N. Daud, (1978). Scanning electron microscopy of secondary minerals in Fe-Mn glaebules. Proc. Int. Work. Meet. Soil Micromorphol., 5th, Granada, Spain, pp. 851-866.
55. Eswaran H., Ikawa H., and Kimble J.M. Oxisols of the world. "Proceedings of the International Symposium on Red Soils" (1986), Sci. Press, Beijing 90-123 (Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, eds.) China/Elsevier, Amsterdam
56. Eswaran H., Van Den Berg E., and Reich P. Organic carbon in soils of the world. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57 (1993) 192-194
57. Eswaran H., Van den Berg E., Reich P., and Kimble J. Global soil carbon resources. In: Lal R., Kimble J., Lavine E., and Stewart B.A. (Eds). "Soils and Global Change" (1995), Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL 27-44 Adv. Soil Sci.
58. Fernandes E.C.M., and Souza Matos J.C. Agroforestry strategies for alleviating soil chemical constraints to food and fiber production in the Brazilian amazon. ACS Symp. Ser. 588 (1995) 34-58
59. R. Feuer, (1956). An exploratory investigation of the soils and agricultural potential of the soils of the future Federal District in central plateau of Brazil. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
60. Fey M.V., and Le Roux J. Properties and quantitative determination of poorly crystalline components in sesquioxide soil clays. Clays Clay Miner. 25 (1976) 285-294
61. K.W. Flach, J.G. Cady, & W.D. Nettleton, (1969). Pedogenic alteration of highly weathered parent materials. Trans. Int. Congr. Soil Sci., 9th, Adelaide, 1968, Vol. 4, pp. 343-352.
62. M.P. F. Fontes, (1988). Iron oxide mineralogy in some Brazilian Oxisols. Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh (Diss. Abstr. 78-20029).
63. M.R. Fontes, (1990). Interactions of goethite and humic acid in some Oxisols from Brazil. Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
64. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO/UNESCO) (1971-1976). "Soil Map of the World." FAO, Rome
65. Fox R.L. Some highly weathered soils of Puerto Rico; 3. Chemical properties. Geoderma 27 (1982) 139-176
66. Frankart R. The Soils with Sombric Horizons in Rwanda and Burundi. In: Beinroth F.N., Neel H., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Fourth International Soil Classification Workshop, Rwanda. Part 1: Papers" (1983), ABOS-AGCD, Brussels, Belgium 48-61 Agric. Ed. 4
67. Fripiat J.J., and Gastuche M.C. Etude physico-chemique des surfaces des argiles. Les combinaisons de la kaolinite avec les oxides de fer trivalent. INEAC Ser. Sci. 54 (1952) 66
68. Fundacao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (FIBGE) (1993). "Producao agricola municipal." FIBGE, Brasil
69. Gallez A., Juo A.S.R., and Herbillon A.J. Surface and charge characteristics of selected soils in the tropics. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40 (1976) 601-608
70. Gill D.W., and Kamprath E.J. Potassium uptake and recovery by an upland rice-soybean rotation on an Oxisol. Agron. J. 82 (1990) 329-333
71. Goedert W.J., and Lobato E. Agronomic considerations of modern agriculture on Oxisols. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazil. Part 1: Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 203-210
72. In: Grossman R.B., Rust R.H., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Soil Taxonomy: Achievements and Challenges," (1984), Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI Spec. Publ. 14
73. Harrassowitz H. Boden der Tropischen Region. Laterit und allitischer Rotlehm. E. Blanck's Handb. Bodenhehre, Berlin 3 (1930) 387-536
74. Harrison J.B. "The Katamorphism of Igneous Rocks Under Humid Tropical Conditions." (1933), Imp. Bur. Soil Sci., Harpenden
75. Herbillon A. Mineralogy of Oxisols and oxic materials. In: Theng B.K.G. (Ed). "Soils with Variable Charge" (1980), New Zealand Society of Soil Science, Lower Hutt 109-126
76. Herbillon A.J. Chemical estimation of weatherable minerals present in the diagnostic horizons of low activity clay soils. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazol. Part I: Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 39-48
77. Herbillon A., Mestdagh M.M., Vielvoye M.M., and Derouane E.G. Iron in kaolinite with special reference to kaolinite from tropical clays. Clay Miner. 11 (1976) 201-220
78. Holmgren G.G.S., Meyer M.W., Chaney R.L., and Daniels R.B. Cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel in agricultural soils of the United States of America. J. Environ. Qual. 22 (1993) 335-348
79. International Committee on Classification of Oxisols (ICOMOX (1988). "Tour Guide. Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazil." Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC
80. Jenny H. "Factors of Soil Formation" (1941), McGraw-Hill, New York
81. Jones R.C., Hudnall W.H., and Sakai W.S. Some highly weathered soils of Puerto Rico; 2. Mineralogy. Geoderma 27 (1982) 75-137
82. Kalima C., and Spaargaren O. Oxisols in Zambia. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazil. Part 1: Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 167-173
83. Kamprath E.J. Crop response to lime on soils in the tropics. Agron. Monogra. 12 (1984) 349-368
84. Kellogg C.E. Preliminary suggestions for the classification of great soil groups in tropical and equatorial regions. Tech. Commun. Commonw. Bur. Soil Sci. 46 (1949) 76-85
85. J.C. Ker, (1995). Mineralogia, sorcao e dessorcao de fasfato, magnetizacao e elementos tracos de latossolos do Brasil. Ph.D. Thesis, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
86. Lacroix A. "Mineralogie de Madagascar," 3 (1923), Soc. Ed. Geogr. Maritime et Coloniale, Paris 91-149
87. Lelong F., and Millot G. Sur l'origine des mineraux micaces des alteration lateritique-Diagenese regressive-Mineraux en transit. Bull. Serv. Carte Geol. Alsace Lorraine. 19 (1966) 277-287
88. Lepsch I.F., and Buol S.W. Investigations in an Oxisol-Ultisol toposequence in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 38 (1974) 491-496
89. Lepsch I.F., and Buol S.W. Oxisol-landscape relationships in Brazil. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazil. Part 1: Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 174-189
90. Lepsch I.F., Buol S.W., and Daniels R.B. Soils-landscape relationships in the Occidental Plateau of Sao Paulo State, Brazil: I. Geomorphic surfaces and soil mapping units. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41 (1977) 104-109
91. Lepsch I.F., Buol S.W., and Daniels R.B. Soils-landscape relationships in the Occidental Plateau of Sao Paulo State, Brazil: II. Soil morphology, genesis, and classification. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41 (1977) 109-115
92. Lepsch I.F., Menk J.R.F., and Oliveira J.B. Carbon storage and other properties of soils under agriculture and natural vegetation in Sao Paulo, State, Brazil. Soils Manag. 10 (1994) 34-42
93. Lopes A.S. Soils under cerrado: A success story in soil management. Better Crops Int. 10 2 (1996) 9-15
94. Lopes A.S., and Cox F.R. A survey of the fertility status of surface soils under "Cerrado" vegetation in Brazil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41 (1977) 742-747
95. Lopes A.S., and Cox F.R. Cerrado vegetation in Brazil: An edaphic gradient. Agron. J. 69 (1977) 828-831
96. Lopes A.S., and Curi N. Oxisols acidity and fertility evaluation: A need for suitable management. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazil. Part 1: Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 211-224
97. Macedo J. "Prospective for the Rational Use of the Brazilian Cerrados for Food Production." (1995), EMBRPA-PA-CPAC, Planaltina, Brazil
98. Macedo J., and Bryant R.B. Morphology, mineralogy, and genesis of a hydrosequence of Oxisols in Brazil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51 (1987) 690-698
99. Macedo J., and Bryant R.B. Preferential microbial reduction of hematite over goethite in Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53 (1989) 1114-1118
100. Maignen R. "Review of Research on Laterite." (1966), UNESCO, Paris
101. Marbut C.F. Soils of the United States. Trans. Int. Congr. Soil Sci., 1st 4 (1928) 1-31 Washington
102. Marbut C.F. Soils of the United States. "USDA Atlas of American Agriculture, III," (1935), U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC 11-16
103. K.M. Matungulu, (1992). Characterization and fertility evaluation of some major soil groups from Zaire (Central Africa). Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Department of Soil Science, Raleigh.
104. Melgar R.J., Smyth T.J., Sanchez P.A., and Cravo M.S. Fertilizer nitrogen movement in a central amazon Oxisol and Entisol cropped to corn. Fert. Res. 31 (1992) 241-252
105. Moniz A.C., and Buol S.W. Formation of an Oxisol-Ultisol transition in Sao Paulo, Brazil: I. Double-water flow model of soil development. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46 (1982) 1228-1233
106. Moniz A.C., Buol S.W., and Weed S.B. Formation of an Oxisol-Ultisol transition in Sao Paulo, Brazil: II. Lateral dynamics of chemical weathering. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46 (1982) 1234-1239
107. Moormann F.R. "Excerpts from the Circular Letters of the International Committee on Low Activity Clay Soils (ICOMLAC)," (1985), Soil Management Support Services, Washington, DC 158 Tech. Monogr. No. 8
108. Moraghan J.T., and Mascagni Jr. H.J. Environmental and soil factors affecting micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities. In: Mortvedt J.J., et al. (Ed). "Micronutrients in Agriculture". 2nd ed. (1991), Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI 371-425
109. Moura Filho W., and Buol S.W. Studies of Latosol Roxo (Eutrustox) in Brazil: Description, setting and characterization. Experientia 13 7 (1972) 201-217
110. Mt Pleasant J., McCollum R.E., and Coble H.D. Weed management in a low-input cropping system in the Peruvian Amazon region. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 69 (1992) 250-259
111. Muchena F.N., and Sombroek W.G. The Oxisols of Kenya. In: Beinroth F.N., Neel H., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Fourth International Soil Classification Workshop, Rwanda. Part 1: Papers" (1983), ABOS-AGCD, Brussels, Belgium 23-33 Agric. Ed. 4
112. National Soil Survey Center (1996). "Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual," Soil Surv. Invest. Rep. No. 42, Version 3.0. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE
113. Norrish K., and Taylor R.M. The isomorphous replacement of iron by aluminum in soil goethites. J. Soil Sci. 13 (1961) 294-306
114. R.T. Odell, J.C. Dijkerman, van W. Vuure, S.W. Melsted, A.H. Beavers, P.M. Sutton, L.T. Kurtz, & R. Miedema, (1974). Characteristics, classification, and adaptation of soils in selected areas in Sierra Leone West Africa. III., Agric. Exp. Stn., Bull. 748; Njala Univ. Coll., Univ. Sierra Leone, Bull. 4
115. Opdecamp L., and Sottiaux G. The Oxisols of Burundi. In: Beinroth F.N., Neel H., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Fourth International Soil Classification Workshop, Rwanda. Part 1: Papers" (1983), ABOS-AGCD, Brussels, Belgium 34-47 Agric. Ed. 4
116. Peck R.B. Forest research activities and the importance of multi-strata production systems in the Amazon basin (Humid Neo-tropics). In: Hecht S.B. (Ed). "Amazonia; Agriculture and Land Use Research" (1982), Cali, Columbia 373-386 CIAT Ser. 03E-3(82)
117. M. Resende, (1976). Mineralogy, chemistry, morphology and geomorphology of some soils of the central plateau of Brazil. Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI, Diss. Abstr. 77-7519).
118. Riecken F.F., and Smith G.D. Lower categories of soil classification; family, series, type, and phase. Soil Sci. 67 (1949) 107-115
119. Ritchey K.D., and Sousa D.M.G. Use of gypsum in management of subsoil acidity in Oxisols. In: Monize A.C., et al. (Ed). "Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH" (1997), Brazilian Soil Sci. Soc., Campinas, SP 165-178
120. Ritchey K.D., Sousa D.M.G., Lobato E., and Sousa O.C. Calcium leaching to increase rooting depth in a Brazilian savannah Oxisol. Agron. J. 32 (1980) 40-44
121. Robinson G.W. "Soils: Their Origin, Constitution, and Classification." (1951), Murby, London
122. Ruhe R.V. Landscape evolution in the High Ituri, Belgian Congo. INEAC, Ser. Sci. 66 (1956) 1-91
123. Sanchez P.A. "Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics." (1976), Wiley, New York
124. Sanchez P.A. Management of acid soils in the humid tropics of Latin America. In: Sanchez P.A., Stoner E.R., and Pushparajah E. (Eds). "Management of Acid Tropical Soils for Sustainable Agriculture" (1987), International Board for Soil Research and Management, Bangkok, Thailand 63-107
125. Sanchez P.A., and Salinas J.G. Low-input technology for managing Oxisols and Ultisols in tropical Americas. Adv. Agron. 34 (1981) 279-406
126. Sanchez P.A., Gichuru M.P., and Katz L.B. Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation and organic matter in the tropics. Trans. Int. Congr. Soil Sci., 12th 1 (1982) 99-114
127. Sanchez P.A., Palm C.A., Davey C.B., Szott L.T., and Russell C.E. Tree crops as soil improvers in the humid tropics?. In: Cannell M.G.R., and Jackson J.E. (Eds). "Attributes of Trees as Crop Plants" (1985), Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Natural Environment Research Council, Huntingdon, UK 327-358
128. Segalen P. Note sur une methode de détermination des produits minéraux amorphes dans certain sols à hydroxides tropicaux. Cah. ORSTOM, Ser. Pedol. 6 (1968) 103-126
129. Serrao E.A.S., Falesi I.C., Veiga J.B., and Texeira J.F. Productivity of cutivated pastures in low fertility soils of the Amazon of Brazil. In: Sanchez P.A., and Tergas L.E. (Eds). "Pasture Production in Acid Soils of the Tropics" (1979), CIAT, Cali, Colombia 195-226
130. Sharma M.L., and Uehara G. Influence of soil structure on water relations in low humic latosols: I. Water retention. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32 (1968) 766-770
131. Sharma M.L., and Uehara G. Influence of soil structure on water relations in low humic latosols: II. Water movement. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32 (1968) 770-774
132. Sibertsev N.M. Soil science (Pochvovedenie). In: Kaner N. (Ed). "Selected Works (Izbrannye Sochineniya)" 1 (1901), U.S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield, VA (Israel Program for Sci. Trans., Jerusalem, 1966)
133. Smith G.D. Objectives and basic assumptions of the new classification system. Soil Sci. 96 (1963) 6-16
134. G.D. Smith, (1965). Lectures on soil classification. Pedologie, Spec. Bull. No. 4.
135. Smith G.D., Sys C., and Van Wambeke A. Application of the Soil Taxonomy to the soils of Zaire (Central Africa). Bull. Soc. Belge Pedol., Spec. Publ. 5 (1975) 1-22
136. Smyth T.J., and Bastos J.B. Alteracoes na fertilidade de um Latossolo Amarelo Alico pela queima da vegetacao. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 8 (1984) 127-132
137. Smyth T.J., and Cravo M.S. Critical phosphorus levels for corn and cowpea in a Brazilian amazon Oxisol. Agron. J. 82 (1990) 309-312
138. Smyth T.J., and Cravo M.S. Aluminum and calcium constraints to continuous crop production in a Brazilian amazon Oxisol. Agron. J. 84 (1992) 843-850
139. Soil Management Support Series (1988). "Tour Guide. Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazil." U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC.
140. Soil Survey Division Staff (1993). "Soil Survey Manual," USDA Handb. No. 18. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
141. Soil Survey Staff (1960). "Soil Classification, a Comprehensive System," 7th Approximation. U.S. Dep. Agric., Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
142. Soil Survey Staff (1975). "Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys," USDA Agric. Handb. No. 436. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
143. Soil Survey Staff (1994). "Keys to Soil Taxonomy," 6th ed. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
144. Soil Survey Staff (1996). "Keys to Soil Taxonomy," 7th ed. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
145. Stoner E.R., de Freitas Jr. E., Macedo J., Mendes R.C.A., Cardoso I.M., Amabile R.F., Bryant R.B., and Lathwell D.J. "Physical Constraints to Root Growth in Savanna Oxisols," (1991), North Carolina State University, Raleigh TropSoils Bull. No. 91-01. Soil Management Collaborative Resource Support Program
146. Stoops G. Micromorphology of some characteristic soils of the Lower Congo (Kinshasa). Pedologie 18 (1968) 110-149
147. Sys C. Suggestions for the classification of tropical soils with lateritic materials in the American Classification. Pedologie 18 (1968) 189-198
148. Sys C. "Caractérisation morphologique et physico-chimique de profils types de l'Afrique centale," (1972), INEAC, Brussels, Belgium Hors Ser
149. Sys C. The Ferralsols of Zaire. In: Beinroth F.N., Neel H., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Fourth International Soil Classification Workshop, Rwanda. Part 1: Papers" (1983), ABOS-AGCD, Brussels, Belgium 76-110 Agric. Ed. 4
150. Sys C., Van Wambeke A., Frankart R., Gilson P., Jongen P., Péerot A., Bereet J.M., and Jamagne M. "La Cartographie des Sols au Congo. Ses principes et ses methods," (1961), INEAC, Brussels, Belgium Ser. Tech. No. 66
151. R. Tavernier, & H. Eswaran, (1972). Basic concepts of weathering and soil genesis in the humid tropics. ASEAN Soils Conf., Jakarta, 2nd, Vol. 1, pp. 383-392.
152. Tavernier R., and Sys C. Classification of the soils of the Republic of Congo. Pedologie (1965) 91-136 Special No. 3
153. Thorp J., and Smith G.D. Higher categories of soil classification: Order, Suborder, and Great Soil Groups. Soil Sci. 67 (1949) 117-126
154. Tsuji G.Y., Watanabe R.T., and Saki W.S. Influence of soil microstructure on water characteristics of selected Hawaiian soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 39 (1975) 28-33
155. Uehara G. Management of isoelectric soils of the humid tropics. In: Lal R., Kimble J., Levine E., and Stewart B.A. (Eds). "In Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect" (1995), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 271-278
156. Uehara G., and Gillman G.P. Charge characteristics of soils with variable and permanent charge minerals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44 1 (1980) 250-252 (2), 252-255
157. Uehara G., and Keng J. Management implications of soil mineralogy in Latin America. In: Bornemizsa E., and Alvarado A. (Eds). "Soil Management in Tropical America" (1975), North Carolina State University, Raleigh 351-363
158. Vageler P. "Grundreis der Tropischen und Subtropischen Bodenkunde." (1930), Verlag Gessellschaft fur Ackerbau, Berlin
159. Van Raij B. Critical evaluation of different phosphorus extractions on Oxisols. In: Beinroth F.H., Camargo M.N., and Eswaran H. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil Classification Workshop, Brazil. Part 1: Papers" (1988), Soil Management Support Services, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC 225-230
160. Van Raij B., and Peech B.M. Electrochemical properties of some Oxisols and Alfisols of the tropics. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36 (1972) 587-593
161. Van Wambeke A. "Management Properties of Ferralsols," (1974), FAO, Rome Soils Bull. No. 23
162. Van Wambeke A. "Calculated Soil Moisture and Temperature Regimes of South America," (1981), Soil Management Support Services (SMSS), Washington, DC Tech. Monogr. No. 2
163. Van Wambeke A. "Calculated Soil Moisture and Temperature Regimes of Africa," (1982), Soil Management Support Services (SMSS), Washington, DC Tech. Monogr. No. 3
164. Van Wambeke A. "Calculated Soil Moisture and Temperature Regimes of Asia," (1985), Soil Management Support Services (SMSS), Washington, DC Tech. Monogr. No. 9
165. Van Wambeke A. "Soils of the Tropics: Properties and Appraisal." (1992), McGraw-Hill, New York
166. Wade M.K., Gill D.W., Subadgjo H., Sudjadi M., and Sanchez P.A. "Overcoming Soil Fertility Constraints in a Transmigration Area of Indonesia," (1988), North Carolina State University Soil Sci. Dep., Raleigh TropSoils Bull. No. 88-01
167. Wilding L.P., Smeck N.E., and Drees L.R. Silica in soils: Quartz, cristobalite, tridymite, and opal. In: Dixon J.B., and Weed S.B. (Eds). "Minerals in Soil Enviornments" (1977), Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI 471-552
168. J.M. Wolf, (1975). Water constraints to corn production in central Brazil. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
169. World Bank (1993). "World Development Report 1993." Investment in Health, Washington, DC.
170. A.C. S. Wright, & J. Bennema, (1965). "The Soil Resources of Latin America," World Soil Resour. Rep. No. 18. World Soil Resources Office, Land and Water Dev. Div., Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Rome.