메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 382-398

"In what way are apples and oranges alike?" A critique of Flynn's interpretation of the Flynn effect

Author keywords

Flynn effect; IQ tests; Raven's matrices; Similarities subtest; Wechsler scales

Indexed keywords


EID: 77956624854     PISSN: 07342829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0734282910373346     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 77956629178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atkins v. Virginia (2002). 536 U.S. 304, 122 S.CT 2242
    • Atkins v. Virginia (2002). 536 U.S. 304, 122 S.CT 2242.
  • 2
    • 48749126208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using item response theory to assess the Flynn effect in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 79 children and young adults data
    • Beaujean, A.A., & Osterlind, S.J. (2008). Using item response theory to assess the Flynn effect in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 79 children and young adults data. Intelligence, 36, 455-463.
    • (2008) Intelligence , vol.36 , pp. 455-463
    • Beaujean, A.A.1    Osterlind, S.J.2
  • 4
    • 10844286386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generational intelligence gains are caused by decreasing variance in the lower half of the distribution: Supporting evidence for the nutrition hypothesis
    • Colom, R., Lluis-Font, J.M., & Andres-Pueyo, A. (2005). The generational intelligence gains are caused by decreasing variance in the lower half of the distribution: Supporting evidence for the nutrition hypothesis. Intelligence, 33, 83-91.
    • (2005) Intelligence , vol.33 , pp. 83-91
    • Colom, R.1    Lluis-Font, J.M.2    Andres-Pueyo, A.3
  • 5
    • 85047681202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: The IQ paradox resolved
    • Dickens W.T., & Flynn, J.R. (2001). Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: The IQ paradox resolved. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 346-369.
    • (2001) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 346-369
    • Dickens, W.T.1    Flynn, J.R.2
  • 8
    • 0033162865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the development of formal thought in adolescent cohorts aged 10 to 15 years (1967-1996 and 1972-1993)
    • Flieller, A. (1999). Comparison of the development of formal thought in adolescent cohorts aged 10 to 15 years (1967-1996 and 1972-1993). Developmental Psychology, 35, 1048-1058.
    • (1999) Developmental Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 1048-1058
    • Flieller, A.1
  • 9
    • 58149369674 scopus 로고
    • The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978
    • Flynn, J.R. (1984). The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 29-51.
    • (1984) Psychological Bulletin , vol.95 , pp. 29-51
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 10
    • 10344246382 scopus 로고
    • Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure
    • Flynn, J.R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 171-191.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 171-191
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 11
    • 0002730426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ gains over time: Toward finding the causes
    • In U. Neisser (Ed.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Flynn, J.R. (1998). IQ gains over time: Toward finding the causes. In U. Neisser (Ed.), The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures (pp. 25-66). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1998) The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures , pp. 25-66
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 12
    • 0002881322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for justice: The discovery of IQ gains over time
    • Flynn, J.R. (1999). Searching for justice: The discovery of IQ gains over time. American Psychologist, 54, 5-20.
    • (1999) American Psychologist , vol.54 , pp. 5-20
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 13
    • 33747084013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tethering the elephant capital cases, IQ and the Flynn effect
    • Flynn, J.R. (2006). Tethering the elephant capital cases, IQ and the Flynn effect. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 12, 170-189.
    • (2006) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.12 , pp. 170-189
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 14
    • 84923626072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
    • Flynn, J.R. (2007). What is intelligence? New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2007) What is Intelligence?
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 15
    • 63049104507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requiem for nutrition as the cause of IQ gains: Raven's gains in Britain 1938-2008
    • Flynn, J.R. (2009a). Requiem for nutrition as the cause of IQ gains: Raven's gains in Britain 1938-2008. Economics and Human Biology, 7, 18-27.
    • (2009) Economics and Human Biology , vol.7 , pp. 18-27
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 17
    • 36649015528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American IQ gains from 1932 to 2002: The WISC subtests and educational progress
    • Flynn, J.R., & Weiss, L.G. (2007). American IQ gains from 1932 to 2002: The WISC subtests and educational progress. International Journal of Testing, 7, 1-16.
    • (2007) International Journal of Testing , vol.7 , pp. 1-16
    • Flynn, J.R.1    Weiss, L.G.2
  • 19
    • 0001465822 scopus 로고
    • The Luria-Nebraska Children's Battery: Theory and formulation
    • In G. W. Hynd & J. E. Obrzut (Eds.), New York, NY: Grune & Stratton
    • Golden, C.J. (1981). The Luria-Nebraska Children's Battery: Theory and formulation. In G. W. Hynd & J. E. Obrzut (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment and the school-age child: Issues and procedures (pp. 277-302). New York, NY: Grune & Stratton.
    • (1981) Neuropsychological Assessment and the School-Age Child: Issues and Procedures , pp. 277-302
    • Golden, C.J.1
  • 21
    • 0001166205 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural perspectives on early development
    • Kagan, J., & Klein, R.E. (1973). Cross-cultural perspectives on early development. American Psychologist, 28, 947-961.
    • (1973) American Psychologist , vol.28 , pp. 947-961
    • Kagan, J.1    Klein, R.E.2
  • 22
    • 0242350161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Flynn effect and U.S. policies: The impact of rising IQ scores on American society via mental retardation diagnoses
    • Kanaya, T., Scullin, M.H., & Ceci, S.J. (2003) The Flynn effect and U.S. policies: The impact of rising IQ scores on American society via mental retardation diagnoses. American Psychologist, 58, 778-790.
    • (2003) American Psychologist , vol.58 , pp. 778-790
    • Kanaya, T.1    Scullin, M.H.2    Ceci, S.J.3
  • 29
    • 26644435388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities: Past, present, and future
    • In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), (2nd ed., New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • McGrew, K.S. (2005). The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities: Past, present, and future. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (2nd ed., pp. 136-181). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (2005) Contemporary Intellectual Assessment: Theories, Tests, and Issues , pp. 136-181
    • McGrew, K.S.1
  • 32
    • 0344471891 scopus 로고
    • Age and mental abilities: A longitudinal study
    • Owens, W.A. (1953). Age and mental abilities: A longitudinal study. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 48, 3-54.
    • (1953) Genetic Psychology Monographs , vol.48 , pp. 3-54
    • Owens, W.A.1
  • 33
    • 0013976422 scopus 로고
    • Age and mental ability: A second adult follow-up
    • Owens, W.A. (1966). Age and mental ability: A second adult follow-up. Journal of Educational Psychology, 57, 311-325.
    • (1966) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 311-325
    • Owens, W.A.1
  • 34
    • 77956644664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People v. Superior Court (Vidal), 129 Cal. App. 4th 434, 28 Cal Rptr. 3d 529 (5th Ct. App. 2005), 2005 Cal. LEXIS 13290 (Cal., November 17, 2005)
    • People v. Superior Court (Vidal) (2005). 129 Cal. App. 4th 434, 28 Cal Rptr. 3d 529 (5th Ct. App. 2005), vacated and later proceedings at People v. S.C., 2005 Cal. LEXIS 13290 (Cal., November 17, 2005).
    • (2005) Vacated and later proceedings at People v. S.C.
  • 35
    • 11444255094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX: Author
    • The Psychological Corporation (2003). WISC-IV technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, TX: Author.
    • (2003) WISC-IV Technical and Interpretive Manual
  • 36
    • 11444255094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX: Author
    • The Psychological Corporation. (2008). WAIS-IV technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, TX: Author.
    • (2008) WAIS-IV Technical and Interpretive Manual
  • 39
    • 0000637561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of the Flynn effect: Massive IQ gains, methodological artifacts, or both?
    • Rodgers, J.L. (1998). A critique of the Flynn effect: Massive IQ gains, methodological artifacts, or both? Intelligence, 26, 337-356.
    • (1998) Intelligence , vol.26 , pp. 337-356
    • Rodgers, J.L.1
  • 40
    • 33846865593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a Flynn effect in the NLSY: Moving from the center to the boundaries
    • Rodgers, J.L., & Wanstrom, L. (2007). Identification of a Flynn effect in the NLSY: Moving from the center to the boundaries. Intelligence, 35, 187-196.
    • (2007) Intelligence , vol.35 , pp. 187-196
    • Rodgers, J.L.1    Wanstrom, L.2
  • 42
    • 84956586155 scopus 로고
    • Anaclitic depression; an inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood
    • In A. Freud (Ed.), The (Vol.), New York, NY: International Universities Press
    • Spitz, R.A., & Wolf, K.M. (1946). Anaclitic depression; an inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood. In A. Freud (Ed.), The psychoanalytic study of the child (Vol. II, pp. 313-342). New York, NY: International Universities Press.
    • (1946) Psychoanalytic Study of the Child , vol.II , pp. 313-342
    • Spitz, R.A.1    Wolf, K.M.2
  • 44
    • 4344561701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end of the Flynn effect? A study of secular trends in mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century
    • Sundet, J.M., Barlaug, D.F., & Torjussen, T.M. (2004). The end of the Flynn effect? A study of secular trends in mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century. Intelligence, 32, 349-362.
    • (2004) Intelligence , vol.32 , pp. 349-362
    • Sundet, J.M.1    Barlaug, D.F.2    Torjussen, T.M.3
  • 45
    • 22544452690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long-term rise and recent decline in intelligence test performance: The Flynn effect in reverse
    • Teasdale, T.W., & Owen, D.R. (2005). A long-term rise and recent decline in intelligence test performance: The Flynn effect in reverse. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 837-843.
    • (2005) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.39 , pp. 837-843
    • Teasdale, T.W.1    Owen, D.R.2
  • 46
    • 38549163666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular declines in cognitive test scores: A reversal of the Flynn effect
    • Teasdale, T.W., & Owen, D.R. (2008). Secular declines in cognitive test scores: A reversal of the Flynn effect. Intelligence, 36, 121-126.
    • (2008) Intelligence , vol.36 , pp. 121-126
    • Teasdale, T.W.1    Owen, D.R.2
  • 48
    • 0023227836 scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues in the clinical evaluation of two- and four-subtest short forms of the WAIS-R
    • Thompson, A.P. (1987). Methodological issues in the clinical evaluation of two- and four-subtest short forms of the WAIS-R. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 142-144.
    • (1987) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 142-144
    • Thompson, A.P.1
  • 49
    • 0000385066 scopus 로고
    • Two- and four-subtest short forms of the WAIS-R: Validity in a psychiatric sample
    • Thompson, A.P., Howard, D., & Anderson, J. (1986). Two- and four-subtest short forms of the WAIS-R: Validity in a psychiatric sample. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 18, 287-293.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science , vol.18 , pp. 287-293
    • Thompson, A.P.1    Howard, D.2    Anderson, J.3
  • 60
    • 77956627601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the Bayley-III and the Bayley-II
    • Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA
    • Yang, Z., Zhu, J., Pinon, M., & Wilkins, C. (2006). Comparison of the Bayley-III and the Bayley-II. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA.
    • (2006)
    • Yang, Z.1    Zhu, J.2    Pinon, M.3    Wilkins, C.4
  • 61
    • 77956622348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peeking inside the blackbox of Flynn effect: Evidence from three Wechsler instruments
    • (August). Paper presented at 115th annual convention of American Psychological, San Francisco, CA
    • Zhou, X., & Zhu, J. (2007, August). Peeking inside the blackbox of Flynn effect: Evidence from three Wechsler instruments. Paper presented at 115th annual convention of American Psychological, San Francisco, CA.
    • (2007)
    • Zhou, X.1    Zhu, J.2
  • 62
    • 77956639679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peeking inside the black box of Flynn effect: Evidence from three Wechsler instruments
    • Zhou, X., Zhu, J., & Weiss, L.G. (2010). Peeking inside the black box of Flynn effect: Evidence from three Wechsler instruments. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 28, 399-411.
    • (2010) Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , vol.28 , pp. 399-411
    • Zhou, X.1    Zhu, J.2    Weiss, L.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.