Adrenal incidentalomas

Adrenal Glands: Diagnostic Aspects and Surgical Therapy

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 231-239

  Herrera, Miguel F ^a   Pantoja, Juan Pablo ^a   España, Nayví ^a  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y NUTRICIÓN SALVADOR ZUBIRÁN   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956605293     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/3-540-26861-8_23     Document Type: Chapter

References (59)

1. Abecassis M, McLoughlin MJ, Langer B, Kudlow J.E. (1985) Serendipitous adrenal masses: prevalence, significance, and management. Am J Surg 149:783-8
2. Acosta E, Pantoja JP, Gamino R, Rull J.A., Herrera M.F. (1999) Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome and disease. Surgery 126:1111-6
3. Angeli A, Terzolo M. (2002) Adrenal incidentaloma: a modern disease with old complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4869-71
4. Barzon L, Scaroni C, Sonino N., Fallo F, Paoletta A, Boscaro M. (1999) Risk factors and long-term follow-up of adrenal incidentalomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:520-6
5. Belldegrun A, Hussain S, Seltzer S. (1986) Incidentally discovered mass of the adrenal gland. Surg Gynecol Obstet 163:203-8
6. Bentrem DJ, Pappas SG, Ahuja Y, Murayama K.M., Angelos P. (2002) Contemporary surgical management of pheochromocytoma. Am J Surg 184:621-5
7. Brunt LM, Doherty GM, Norton J.A. (1996) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy compared to open adrenalectomy for benign adrenal neoplasms. J Am Coll Surg 183:1-10
8. Caplan RH, Strutt PJ, Wickus G.G. (1994) Subclinical hormone secretion by incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Arch Surg 129:291-6
9. Casola G, Nicolet V, vanSonnenberg E., Withers C, Bretagnolle M, Saba RM, Bret P.M. (1986) Unsuspected pheochro-mocytoma: risk of blood pressure alterations during percutaneous adrenal biopsy. Radiology 159:733-5
10. Cesen-Cummings K., Fernstrom MJ, Malkinson A.M., Fuch R.J. (1998) Frequent reduction of gap junctional intercellular communication and connexin 43 expression in human and mouse lung carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 19:219-31
11. Devenyi I (1967) Possibility of normokalaemic primary aldosteronism as reflected in the frequency of adrenal cortical adenomas. J Clin Pathol 20:49-51
12. Dieckmann KP, Hamm B, Pickartz H. (1987) Adrenal myelolipoma: Clinical, radiologic and histologic features. Urology 29:1-8
13. Duh QY, Siperstein AE, Clark O.H., Schecter WF, Horn JK, Harrison MR, Hunt T.K., Way L.W. (1996) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: comparison of the lateral and posterior approaches. Arch Surg 131:870-5
14. Gagner M, Lacroix A, Bolte E. (1992) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med 327:1033
15. Gagner M (1996) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Surg Clin North Am 76:523-37
16. Glazer HS, Weyman PJ, Sagel S.S., Levitt RG, McClennan B.L. (1982) Nonfunctioning adrenal masses: incidental discovery on computed tomography. Am J Roentgenol 139: 81-5
17. Granger P, Genest J. (1970) Autopsy study of adrenals in unselected normotensive and hypertensive patients. Can Med Assoc J 103:34-6
18. Gross MD, Shapiro B, Francis I.R. (1994) Scintigraphic evaluation of clinically silent adrenal masses. J Nucl Med 35:1145-52
19. Grumbach M, Biller B, Braunstein G., Campbell K, Carney A, Godley P., Harris E, Lee J, Oertel Y, Posner M, Schlechte J, Wieand S (2003) Management of the clinically inappar-ent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med 138:424-9
20. Herrera MF, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Sheedy PF, Ilstrup D.M. (1991) Incidentally discovered tumors: an institutional perspective. Surgery 110:1014-21
21. Hiramatsu K, Yamada T, Yukimura Y. (1981) A screening test to identify aldosterone producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity. Arch Intern Med 141: 1589-93
22. Jossart G, Burpee SE, Gagner M. (2000) Surgery of the adrenal glands. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29: 57-68
23. Kievit J, Haak H.R. (2000) Diagnosis and treatment of adrenal incidentaloma. A cost-effectiveness analysis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29:69-88
24. Kokko JP, Brown TC, Berman M.M. (1967) Adrenal adenoma and hypertension. Lancet 1:468-70
25. Korman JE, Ho T, Hiatt J.R. (1997) Comparison of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy. Am Surg 63:908-12
26. Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Francis I.R., Quint LE, Dunnick NR, Londy F. (1998) CT time-attenuation washout curves of adrenal adenomas and non-adenomas. Am J Roetgenol 170:747-52
27. Korobkin M (2000) CT characterization of adrenal masses: the time has come. Radiology 217:629-32
28. Lezoche E, Guerrieri M, Feliciotti F., Paganini AM, Perretta S, Baldarelli M, Bonjer J., Miccoli P. (2002) Anterior, lateral and posterior retroperitoneal approaches in endoscopic adrenalectomy. Surg Endosc 16:96-9
29. Linos DA, Stylopoulos N. (1997) How accurate is computed tomography in predicting the real size of adrenal tumors? A retrospective study. Arch Surg 132:740-3
30. Linos DA, Stylopoulos N, Boukis M. (1997) Anterior, posterior or laparoscopic approach for the management of adrenal disease? Am J Surg 173:120-5
31. Linos DA (2000) Management approaches to adrenal in-cidentalomas. A view from Athens, Greece. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29:141-57
32. Linos DA (in press) Management of clinically silent adrenal masses. In: Textbook of endocrine surgery, 2nd edition. WB Saunders, Philadelphia
33. MacGillivray DC, Shichman SJ, Ferrer S.J. (1996) A comparison of open vs laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Surg Endosc 10:987-90
34. Mantero F, Arnaldi G. (2000) Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas. A view from Ancona, Italy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29:107-25
35. Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G., Osella G, Masini A, Ali A., Giovagnetti M, Opocher G, Angeli A (2000) A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:637-44
36. Marescaux J, Mutter D, Wheeler M.H. (1996) Laparoscopic right and left adrenalectomies: surgical procedures. Surg Endosc 10:912-5
37. Marx C, Wolkersdorfer GW, Brown J.W., Scherbaum WA, Bornstein S.R. (1996) MHC class II expression: a new tool to assess dignity in adrenocortical tumours. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:4488-91
38. Miccoli P, Iacconi P, Conte M., Goletti O, Buccianti P. (1995) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy. J Laparoendosc Surg 5: 221-6
39. Mitchell DG, Crovello M, Matteucci T., Petersen RO, Miettinen M.M. (1992) Benign adrenocortical masses: diagnosis with chemical shift MR imaging. Radiology 185:345-51
40. Murray SA, Davis K, Fishman L.M., Bornstein S.R. (2000) Alpha1 connexin 43 gap junctions are decreased in human adrenocortical tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:890-5
41. Pacak K, Linehan WM, Eisenhofer G, McClellan M.W., Goldstein D.S. (2001) NIH Conference: Recent advances in genetics, diagnosis, localization and treatment of pheochromocytoma. Ann Intern Med 134:315-29
42. Prinz RA, Brooks MH, Churchill R, Graner J.L., Lawrence AM, Paloyan E, Sparagana M. (1982) Incidental asymptomatic adrenal masses detected by computed tomographic scanning. Is operation required? JAMA 248:701-4
43. Prinz RA (1995) A comparison of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomies. Arch Surg 130:489-94
44. Reincke M (2000) Subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29:43-56
45. Reinhard C, Saeger W, Schubert B. (1996) Adrenocortical nodules in post-mortem series. Development, functional significance, and differentiation from adenomas. Gen Diagn Pathol 141:203-8
46. Russell RP, Masi AT, Richter E.D. (1972) Adrenal cortical adenomas and hypertension. A clinical pathologic analysis of 690 cases with matched controls and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 51:211-25
47. Saeger W, Beuschlein F, Prager G., Nies C, Lorenz K, Bârlehner E, Simon D, Niederle B, Allolio B, Reincke M (2001) Ex-vivo biopsies of adrenal lesions: Morphology of 231 cases. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 109 (Suppl 1):S19
48. Saeger W, Fassnacht M, Chita R., Prager G, Nies Clorenz K, Barlehner E, Simon D., Niederle B, Beuschlein F, Allolio B, Reincke M (2003) High diagnostic accuracy of adrenal core biopsy: results of the German and Austrian Adrenal Network Multicenter Trial in 220 Consecutive Patients. Hum Pathol 34:180-6
49. Schteingart DE (2000) Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas. A view from Ann Arbor, Michigan. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29:127-39
50. Shell SR, Talamini MA, Udelsman R. (1998) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for non-malignant disease: improved safety, morbidity and cost-effectiveness. Surg Endosc 13:30-4
51. Silverman SG, Mueller PR, Pinkney L.P., Koenker RM, Seltzer S.E. (1993) Predictive value of image-guided adrenal biopsy: analysis of results of 101 biopsies. Radiology 187:715-8
52. Smith CD, Weber CJ, Amerson J.R. (1999) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: New Gold Standard. World J Surg 23: 389-96
53. Thompson GB, Grant CS, van Heerden JA (1997) Laparoscopic versus open posterior adrenalectomy: A case-control study of 100 patients. Surgery 122:1132-6
54. Udelsman R, Fishman E.K. (2000) Radiology of the adrenal. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29:27-42
55. Vargas HI, Kavoussi LR, Bartlett D.K., Wagner JR, Venzon DJ, Fraker DL, Alexander H.R. (1997) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a new standard of care. Urology 49: 673-8
56. Walz MK, Peitgen K, Sallaer B. (1998) Subtotal adenalec-tomy by the posterior retroperitoneoscopic approach. World J Surg 22:621-7
57. Weinberger MH, Fineberg N.S. (1993) The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and separation or two major subtypes. Arch Intern Med 153:2125-9
58. Wheeler MH, Harris D.A. (2003) Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism. World J Surg 27:627-31
59. Young WF Jr (2000) Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas: A view from Rochester, Minnesota. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29:159-85