Presence of enteric viruses in source waters for drinking water production in the Netherlands

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 76, Issue 17, 2010, Pages 5965-5971

  Lodder, W J ^a   Van Den Berg, H H J L ^a   Rutjes, S A ^a   De Roda Husman, A M ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DETECTION LIMITS; DRINKING WATER; DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION; ENTERIC VIRUS; NETHERLANDS; PATHOGENIC VIRUS; PEAK CONCENTRATIONS; PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS; REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; ROTAVIRUSES; SEASONAL EFFECTS; SOURCE WATERS; TREATMENT PROCESS; VIRUS CONCENTRATION;

BACTERIOPHAGES; COMPUTER VIRUSES; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); HEALTH RISKS; MICROORGANISMS; REMOVAL; RNA; WATER SUPPLY;

POTABLE WATER;

DRINKING WATER; HEALTH RISK; PATHOGEN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA; STANDARD (REGULATION); VIRUS; WATER QUALITY; WATER TREATMENT;

ARTICLE; BACTERIOPHAGE; ENTEROVIRUS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; NETHERLANDS; REOVIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; STANDARD; VIRUS CULTURE; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS LOAD; WATER MANAGEMENT;

BACTERIOPHAGES; ENTEROVIRUS; NETHERLANDS; PLAQUE ASSAY; REOVIRIDAE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIRAL LOAD; VIRUS DISEASES; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER PURIFICATION;

NETHERLANDS;

ENTEROVIRUS; NOROVIRUS; ORTHOREOVIRUS; ROTAVIRUS;

EID: 77956573011     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: 10985336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00245-10     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Anderson, E. J., and S. G. Weber. 2004. Rotavirus infection in adults. Lancet Infect. Dis. 4:91-99.
2. Anonymous. 2005. Inspectierichtlijn Analyse microbiologische veiligheid drinkwater. VROM-Inspectie, The Hague, Netherlands. http://www.vrom.nl/docs/ publicaties/vrom5318pdf.
3. Arraj, A., J. Bohatier, C. Aumeran, J. L. Bailly, H. Laveran, and O. Traore. 2008. An epidemiological study of enteric viruses in sewage with molecular characterization by RT-PCR and sequence analysis. J. Water Health 6:351-358.
4. Bartram, J., L. Corrales, A. Davison, D. Deere, D. Drury, B. Gordon, G. Howard, A. Rinehold, and M. Stevens. 2009. Water safety plan manual: step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
5. Bickley, J., and D. Hopkins. 1999. Inhibitors and enhancers of PCR, p. 81-102. In G. C. Saunders and H. C. Parkes (ed.), Analytical molecular biology. Quality and validation, vol. 6. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
6. Boom, R., C. J. Sol, M. M. Salimans, C. L. Jansen, P. M. Wertheim van Dillen, and J. S. O. van der Noordaa. 1990. Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:495-503.
7. Costafreda, M. I., A. Bosch, and R. M. Pinto. 2006. Development, evaluation, and standardization of a real-time TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR assay for quantification of hepatitis A virus in clinical and shellfish samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:3846-3855.
8. da Silva, A. K., J. C. Le Saux, S. Parnaudeau, M. Pommepuy, M. Elimelech, and F. S. Le Guyader. 2007. Evaluation of removal of noroviruses during wastewater treatment, using real-time reverse transcription-PCR: different behaviors of genogroups I and II. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:7891-7897.
9. Dahling, D. R., and B. A. Wright. 1986. Optimization of the BGM cell line culture and viral assay procedures for monitoring viruses in the environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:790-812.
10. de Roda Husman, A. M., and J. Bartram. 2007. Global supply of virus safe drinking water, p. 127-162. In A. Bosch (ed.), Human viruses in water, vol. 17. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
11. de Roda Husman, A. M., P. Bijkerk, W. J. Lodder, H. H. J. L. van den Berg, W. Pribil, A. Cabaj, P. Gehringer, R Sommer, and E. Duizer. 2004. Calicivirus inactivation by nonionizing (253.7-nanometer-wavelength [UV]) and ionizing (gamma) radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:5089-5093.
12. de Roda Husman, A. M., W. J. Lodder, S. A. Rutjes, J. F. Schijven, and P. F. Teunis. 2009. Long-term inactivation study of three enteroviruses in artificial surface and groundwaters, using PCR and cell culture. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:1050-1057.
13. Hafliger, D., P. Hubner, and J. Luthy. 2000. Outbreak of viral gastroenteritis due to sewage-contaminated drinking water. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 54:123-126.
14. Havelaar, A. H., M. van Olphen, and J. F. Schijven. 1995. Removal and inactivation of viruses by drinking water treatment processes under full scale conditions. Water Sci. Technol. 31:55-62.
15. Hewitt, J., D. Bell, G. C. Simmons, M. Rivera-Aban, S. Wolf, and G. E. Greening. 2007. Gastroenteritis outbreak caused by waterborne norovirus at a New Zealand ski resort. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:7853-7857.
16. Hoebe, C. J. P. A., H. Vennema, A. M. de Roda Husman, and Y. T. H. P. van Duynhoven. 2004. Norovirus outbreak among primary school children who had played in a recreational water fountain. J. Infect. Dis. 189:699-705.
17. Johansson, P. J., T. Sveger, K. Ahlfors, J. Ekstrand, and L. Svensson. 1996. Reovirus type 1 associated with meningitis. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 28:117-120.
18. Jothikumar, N., G. Kang, and V. R. Hill. 2009. Broadly reactive TaqMan assay for real-time RT-PCR detection of rotavirus in clinical and environmental samples. J. Virol. Methods 155:126-131.
19. Jothikumar, N., J. A. Lowther, K. Henshilwood, D. N. Lees, V. R. Hill, and J. Vinje. 2005. Rapid and sensitive detection of noroviruses by using Taq-Man-based one-step reverse transcription-PCR assays and application to naturally contaminated shellfish samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:1870-1875.
20. Lee, G., C. Lee, C. Park, and S. Jeong. 2008. Detection and molecular characterization of enteroviruses in Korean surface water by using integrated cell culture multiplex RT-PCR. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 21:425-431.
21. Lee, N., M. C. Chan, B. Wong, K. W. Choi, W. Sin, G. Lui, P. K. Chan, R. W. Lai, C. S. Cockram, J. J. Sung, and W. K. Leung. 2007. Fecal viral concentration and diarrhea in norovirus gastroenteritis. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13:1399-1401.
22. Lodder, W. J., and A. M. de Roda Husman. 2005. Presence of noroviruses and other enteric viruses in sewage and surface waters in the Netherlands. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:1453-1461.
23. Lodder, W. J., J. Vinje, R. van de Heide, A. M. de Roda Husman, E. J. Leenen, and M. P. Koopmans. 1999. Molecular detection of Norwalk-like caliciviruses in sewage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:5624-5627.
24. Love, D. C., and M. D. Sobsey. 2007. Simple and rapid F+ coliphage culture, latex agglutination, and typing assay to detect and source track fecal contamination. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:4110-4118.
25. Martinelli, D., R Prato, M. Chironna, A. Sallustio, G. Caputi, M. Conversano, M. Ciofo Degli Atti, F. P. D'Ancona, C. A. Germinario, and M. Quarto. 2007. Large outbreak of viral gastroenteritis caused by contaminated drinking water in Apulia, Italy, May-October 2006. Euro Surveill. 12: E070419.1.
26. Maunula, L., I. T. Miettinen, and C. H. von Bonsdorff. 2005. Norovirus outbreaks from drinking water. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11:1716-1721.
27. Medema, G. J., and J. F. Schijven. 2001. Modelling the sewage discharge and dispersion of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water. Water Res. 35:4307-4316.
28. Meleg, E., K. Banyai, V. Martella, B. Jiang, B. Kocsis, P. Kisfali, B. Melegh, and G. Szucs. 2008. Detection and quantification of group C rotaviruses in communal sewage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:3394-3399.
29. Melnick, J. L., and V. Rennick. 1980. Infectivity titers of enterovirus as found in human stools. J. Med. Virol. 5:205-220.
30. Mood, M., F. A. Graybill, and D. C. Boes. 1974. Introduction to the theory of statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
31. Mounts, A. W., T. Ando, M. Koopmans, J. S. Bresee, J. Noel, and R. I. Glass. 2000. Cold weather seasonality of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalklike viruses. J. Infect. Dis. 181: S284-S287.
32. Myrmel, M., E. M. Berg, B. Grinde, and E. Rimstad. 2006. Enteric viruses in inlet and outlet samples from sewage treatment plants. J. Water Health 4:197-209.
33. Nygard, K., L. Vold, E. Halvorsen, E. Bringeland, J. A. Rottingen, and P. Aavitsland. 2004. Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis in a religious summer camp in Norway, 2002. Epidemiol. Infect. 132:223-229.
34. Rose, M. A., A. K. Dhar, H. A. Brooks, F. Zecchini, and R. M. Gersberg. 2006. Quantitation of hepatitis A virus and enterovirus levels in the lagoon canals and Lido beach of Venice, Italy, using real-time RT-PCR. Water Res. 40:2387-2396.
35. Rutjes, S. A., R. Italiaander, H. H. J. L. van den Berg, W. J. Lodder, and A. M. de Roda Husman. 2005. Isolation and detection of enterovirus RNA from large-volume water samples by using the NucliSens miniMAG system and real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3734-3740.
36. Rutjes, S. A., W. J. Lodder, M. Bouwknegt, and A. M. de Roda Husman. 2007. Increased hepatitis E virus prevalence on Dutch pig farms from 33% to 55% by using appropriate internal quality controls for RT-PCR. J. Virol. Methods 143:112-116.
37. Rutjes, S. A., W. J. Lodder, A. Docters van Leeuwen, and A. M. de Roda Husman. 2009. Detection of infectious rotavirus in naturally contaminated source waters for drinking water production. J. Appl. Microbiol. 107:97-105.
38. Rzezutka, A., and N. Cook. 2004. Survival of human enteric viruses in the environment and food. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 28:441-453.
39. Shieh, Y. C., C. I. Wong, J. A. Krantz, and F. C. Hsu. 2008. Detection of naturally occurring enteroviruses in waters using direct RT-PCR and integrated cell culture-RT-PCR. J. Virol. Methods 149:184-189.
40. Teunis, P. F., S. A. Rutjes, T. Westrell, and A. M. de Roda Husman. 2009. Characterization of drinking water treatment for virus risk assessment. Water Res. 43:395-404.
41. Todd, E. C., J. D. Greig, C. A. Bartleson, and B. S. Michaels. 2009. Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 6. Transmission and survival of pathogens in the food processing and preparation environment. J. Food Prot. 72:202-219.
42. Tyler, K. L., E. S. Barton, M. L. Ibach, C. Robinson, J. A. Campbell, S. M. O'Donnell, T. Valyi-Nagy, P. Clarke, J. D. Wetzel, and T. S. Dermody. 2004. Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel type 3 reovirus from a child with meningitis. J. Infect. Dis. 189:1664-1675.
43. van den Berg, H. H. J. L., W. J. Lodder, W. van der Poel, H. Vennema, and A. M. de Roda Husman. 2005. Genetic diversity of noroviruses in raw and treated sewage water. Res. Microbiol. 156:532-540.
44. Vennema, H., E. de Bruin, and M. Koopmans. 2002. Rational optimization of generic primers used for Norwalk-like virus detection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Virol. 25:233-235.
45. Villena, C., W. M. El-Senousy, F. X. Abad, R. M. Pinto, and A. Bosch. 2003. Group A rotavirus in sewage samples from Barcelona and Cairo: emergence of unusual genotypes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:3919-3923.
46. Villena, C., R. Gabrieli, R. M. Pintó, S. Guix, D. Donia, E. Buonomo, L. Palombi, F. Cenko, S. Bino, A. Bosch, and M. Divizia. 2003. A large infantile gastroenteritis outbreak in Albania caused by multiple emerging rotavirus genotypes. Epidemiol. Infect. 131:1105-1110.
47. Vinjé, J., S. A. Altena, and M. P. G. Koopmans. 1997. The incidence and genetic variability of small round-structured viruses in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the Netherlands. J. Infect. Dis. 176:1374-1378.
48. Westrell, T., P. Teunis, H. van den Berg, W. Lodder, H. Ketelaars, T. A. Stenstrom, and A. M. de Roda Husman. 2006. Short-and long-term variations of norovirus concentrations in the Meuse River during a 2-year study period. Water Res. 40:2613-2620.
49. Wolf, S., W. M. Williamson, J. Hewitt, M. Rivera-Aban, S. Lin, A. Ball, P. Scholes, and G. E. Greening. 2007. Sensitive multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for the detection of human and animal noroviruses in clinical and environmental samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:5464-5470.
50. Wyn-Jones, A. P., and J. Sellwood. 2001. Enteric viruses in the aquatic environment. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91:945-962.