The problem of dependency: Immigration, gender, and the welfare state

Social Politics

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 295-322

  Eggebø, Helga ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BUDGET; DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY CONFLICT; GENDER IDENTITY; GOVERNMENT; HISTORY; LEGAL ASPECT; MANAGEMENT; MARRIAGE; MIGRATION; NORWAY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PROBLEM; SOCIAL WELFARE; SPOUSE;

BUDGETS; DEPENDENCY (PSYCHOLOGY); EMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANTS; EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; FAMILY CONFLICT; GENDER IDENTITY; GOVERNMENT; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; MARRIAGE; NORWAY; POLICY MAKING; SOCIAL PROBLEMS; SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY; SOCIAL WELFARE; SPOUSES;

EID: 77956462444     PISSN: 10724745     EISSN: 14682893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/sp/jxq013     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. AID. 2007. Ot.prp. nr. 75 (2006-2007) Om lov om utlendingers adgang til riket og deres opphold her (utlendingsloven). Oslo: Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet (AID).
2. -. 2008. "Høring - Krav til sikret underhold og innføring av ny intervjuordning for å motvirke tvangsekteskap" . Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet (AID). http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/ ad/dok/ hoeringer/hoeringsdok/2008/horingsbrev-krav-til-sikret-underhold-/ horingsbrev.html?id=532843 (accessed February 16, 2010).
3. Apitzsch, Ursula, Kyoko Shinozaki, and Lena Inowlocki. 2007. "Citizenship, New Migration and Gender Diversity in Europe." In Irregular Migration, Informal Labour and Community: A Challange for Europe, eds. E. Berggren, B. Likic-Brboric, G. Toksöy, and N. Trimikliniotis, 216-225. Maastricht: Shaker Publishing.
4. Bacchi, Carol Lee. 1999. Women, Policy and Politics: the Construction of Policy Problems. London: Sage.
5. -. 2000. "Policy as Discourse: What Does It Mean? Where Does It Get Us?" Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 21 (1): 45-57.
6. -. 2009. Analysing Policy: What's the Problem Represented to Be? Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia.
7. BLD. 2007. Handlingsplan mot tvangsekteskap 2008-2011. Oslo: Barne-Likestillingsdepartementent (BLD).
8. Borchorst, Anette, and Birte Siim. 2010. "The Multicultural Challenge to the Danish Welfare State-the Tensions between Gender Equality and Diversity." In Changing Relations of Welfare Family, Gender and Migration in Britain and Scandinavia, eds. J. Fink, and A ° . Lundqvist, 133-155. Berlington, UK: Ashgate.
9. Bredal, Anja. 2005. "Tackling Forced Marriages in the Nordic Countries: Between Women's Rights and Immigration Control." In 'Honour'- Crimes, Paradigms and Violence Against Women, eds. L. Welchman, and S. Hossain, 332-353. London: Zed Books Ltd.
10. Bredal, Anja, and Lill Salole Skjerven. 2007. Tvangsekteskapssaker i hjelpeapparatet elektronisk ressurs: omfang og utfordringer. Oslo: Senter for kvinne- og kjønnsforskning, Universitetet i Oslo.
11. Brochmann, Grete. 2002. "Citizenship and Inclusion in European Welfare State: The EU Dimension." In Migration and the Externalities of European Integration, eds. S. Lavenez, and E.M. Ucarer, 179-194 Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
12. Brochmann, Grete, and Anniken Hagelund. 2010. "Hvem sin velferdsstat? Innvandringspolitikk i skandinavia 1945-2010." Samtiden 2/201098-115.
13. Brochmann, Grete, Anniken Hagelund, and Velferdsforskningsprogrammet. 2005. Innvandringens velferdspolitiske konsekvenser: nordisk kunnskapsstatus. København: Nordisk Ministerråd.
14. Bøe, Janne Bjorheim, and Kari Wærness. 2005. "'Vi er vel prototypen på likestilt økonomi' Om økonomiske forvaltningssystemer i norske barnefamiliehushold." Sosiologisk tidsskrift 13 (1): 29-44.
15. Danielsen, Hilde. 2008. Frigidity and Construction of Women's Liberation in Norway in the Interwar Period and the 1970s. Paper Presented at "Kjønnsforskning Nå !", the annual conference for gender researchers in Norway, Oslo, Norway, November 11, 2009.
16. Daugstad, Gunnlaug. 2008. Ekteskap over landegrensene: ekteskapsmønster og transnasjonale familieetableringar i perioden 1990-2007. Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå .
17. Dean, Hartley. 2004. The Ethics of Welfare: Human Rights, Dependency, and Responsibility. Bristol: Policy Press.
18. Dodillet, Susanne. 2009. Ä r sex arbete?: svensk och tysk prostitutionspolitik sedan 1970-talet. Stockholm: Vertigo.
19. Ellingsæter, Anne Lise. 2003. "The Complexity of Family Policy Reform." European Societies 5 (4): 419-443
20. Esping-Andersen, Gösta. 1992. "The Three Political Economies of the Welfare State." In The Study of Welfare State Regimes, ed. J.E. Kolberg, 92-123. New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
21. -. 1999. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22. -. 2009. The Incomplete Revolution: Adapting to Women's New Roles. Cambridge: Polity Press.
23. European Migration Network. 2008. Family Reunification. European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/infopoint/publications/ communication/31g-en.htm (accessed January 30, 2009).
24. Fair, Linda S. 2010. "'Why Can't I Get Married?'-Denmark and the 'Twenty-four Year Law.'" Social& Cultural Geography 11 (2): 139-153
25. Fineman, Martha Albertson. 2004. The Autonomy Myth: A Theory of Dependency. New York: New Press.
26. Fraser, Nancy, and Linda Gordon. 1994. "A Genealogy of 'Dependency': Tracing a Keyword of the U.S. Welfare State." Signs 19 (2): 309-336
27. Fuglerud, Øivind. 2001. Migrasjonsforstå else: flytteprosesser, rasisme og globalisering. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
28. Grillo, Ralph. 2008. "The Family in Dispute: Insiders and Outsiders." In The Family in Question: Immigrant and Ethnic Minorities in Multicultural Europe, ed. R. Grillo, 15-35. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
29. Hagelund, Anniken. 2003. The Importance of Being Decent. Political Discourse on Immigration in Norway 1970-2002. Oslo: Institutt for samfunnsforskning.
30. -. 2008. "'For Women and Children!' The Family Immigration Politics in Scandinavia." In The Family in Question: Immigrant and Ethnic Minorities in Multicultural Europe, ed. R. Grillo, 71-88. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
31. Hagemann, Gro. 2006. "'The Most Unbreakable Right of Man': Women and Economic Citizenship." In Citizenship in Historical Perspective, ed. S.G. Ellis, G. Hálfdanarson, and K. Isaacs. Pisa: Pisa University Press.
32. -. 2007. "Maternalism and Gender Equality: Tracing a Norwegian Model of Welfare." In Reciprocity and Redistribution. Work and Welfare Reconsidered, ed. G. Hagemann, 61-86. Pisa: Edizioni Plus.
33. Hammar, Tomas, and Grete Brochmann. 1999. Mechanisms of Immigration Control: A Comparative Analysis of European Regulation Policies. Oxford: Berg.
34. Hansen, Hans. 2006. From Asylum Seeker to Refugee to Family Reunification. Welfare Payments in These Situations in Various Western Countries. Copenhagen: The Rochwool Foundation Research Unit.
35. Haukaa, Runa. 1982. Bak slagordene. Den nye kvinnebevegelsen i Norge. Oslo: Pax Forlag A/S.
36. Hernes, Helga Maria. 1987. Welfare State and Women Power. Oslo: Norwegian University Press.
37. IMDi. 2008. "Svar på høring om forslag til regler i ny utlendingsforskrift". Integrerings- og mangfoldsdirektoratet (IMDi) (accessed February 16, 2010).
38. - 2010 Qualification 2010, http://www.imdi.no/en/Spark/ English/Qualification/ (accessed February 16, 2010).
39. Juss-buss, 2009 Høringsuttalelse fra Juss-Buss og Rettspolitisk Forening- Krav til sikret underhold og innføring av ny intervjuordning for å motvirke tvangsekteskap".
40. Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion. http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/ dep/ad/dok/hoeringer/hoeringsdok/ 2008/horingsbrev-krav-til-sikret-underhold-/ horingsuttalelser-2.html?id= 533765 (accessed February 16, 2010).
41. Justisdepartementet. 1987. Ot.prp. nr. 46 (1986-1987) Om lov om utlendingsers adgang til riket og deres opphold her (utlendingsloven). Published by: Justisdeptarmentet.
42. -. 2009. "Lagrådsremiss. Fö rsö rjningskrav vid anhö riginvandring". Justitiedepartementet http://www.regeringen.se/ sb/d/11383/a/135252 (accessed June 7, 2010).
43. Keskinen, Suvi, Salla Touori, Sari Irni, and Diana Mulinari. 2009. Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race and Ethnicity in the Nordic region. Aldershot: Ashgate.
44. Kildal, Nanna, and Stein Kuhnle. 2005. Normative Foundations of the Welfare State: The Nordic Experience. London: Routledge.
45. King, Russell. 2002. "Towards a New Map of European Migration." International Journal of Population Geography 8 (2): 89-106.
46. Kjeldstadli, Knut. 2003. Norsk innvandringshistorie. Oslo: Pax.
47. -. 2008. Sammensatte samfunn : innvandring og inkludering. Oslo: Pax.
48. Kofman, Eleonore. 2004. "Family-related Migration: A Critical Review of European Studies." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30 (2): 243-262
49. KRD. 2005a. Ot.prp. nr. 19 (2005-2006) Om lov om endringer i utlendingsloven (beskyttelse mot tvangsekteskap og mishandling i ekteskap og vern av utenlandske arbeidstakeres lønns- og arbeidsvilkå r mv.). Oslo: Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet (KRD).
50. -. 2005b. Ot.prp. nr. 109 (2004-2005) Om lov om endringer i utlendingsloven (beskyttelse mot tvangsekteskap og mishandling i ekteskap og vern av utenlandske arbeidstakeres lønns- og arbeidsvilkå r mv.). Oslo: Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet (KRD).
51. Kymlicka, Will, and Keith G. Banting. 2006. Multiculturalism and the Welfare State: Recognition and Redistribution in Contemporary Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press.
52. Langvasbrå ten, Trude. 2008. "A Scandinavian Model? Gender Equality Discourses on Multiculturalism." Social Politics 16 (1): 32-52.
53. Høring - Ny Utlendingsforskrift Og Endringer i Gjeldende Utlendingsforskrift - Krav Til Sikret Underhold Og Innføring Av Ny Intervjuordning for Å Motvirke Tvangsekteskap". 2008 LDO.
54. Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion. http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/ dep/ad/dok/ hoeringer/hoeringsdok/2008/horingsbrev-krav-til-sikret-underhold-/ horingsuttalelser-2.html?id=533765 (accessed February 16, 2010).
55. Leira, Arnlaug. 2002. Working Parents and the Welfare State: Family Change and Policy Reform in Scandinavia. Cambrigde: Cambridge University Press.
56. Leira, Arnlaug, and Anne Lise Ellingsæter. 2006. Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia: Gender Relations in Welfare States. Bristol: Policy Press.
57. Lewis, Jane. 1992. "Gender and welfare state change." European Societies 4 (4): 331-357.
58. -. 2002. "Gender and Welfare State Change." In European Societies, ed. C. Wallace, 331-357 Routledge.
59. Lister, Ruth. 2009. "A Nordic Nirvana? Gender, Citizenship, and Social Justice in the Nordic Welfare States." Social Politics 16 (2): 242-278
60. Lister, Ruth, Fiona Williams, Anneli Anttonen, Jet Bussemaker, Ute Gerhard, Jacqueline Heinen, and Stina Johansson et al. 2007. Gendering Citizenship in Western Europe: New Challenges for Citizenship Research in a Cross-national Context. Bristol: The Policy Press.
61. Lutz, Helma. 2007. "The 'Intimate Others'-Migrant Domestic Workers in Europe." In Irregular Migration, Informal Labour and Community: A Challange for Europe, eds. E. Berggren, B. Likic-Brboric, G. Toksöy, and N. Trimikliniotis. Maastricht: Shaker Publishing.
62. Lødemel, Ivar, and Heather Trickey. 2001a. "A New Contract for Social Assistence." In An Offer You Can't Refuse: Workfare in International Perspective, eds. I. Lødemel, and H. Trickey, 1-39. Bristol: Policy Press.
63. -. 2001b. An Offer You Can't Refuse: Workfare in International Perspective. Bristol: Policy Press.
64. Mead, Lawrence M., and Christopher Beem. 2005. Welfare Reform and Political Theory. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
65. Melby, Kari. 2006. Inte ett ord om kä rlek: äktenskap och politik i Norden ca. 1850-1930. Gö teborg: Makadam fö rlag.
66. Morissens, A.N.N., and Diane Sainsbury. 2005. "Migrants' Social Rights, Ethnicity and Welfare Regimes." Journal of Social Policy 34 (4): 637-660
67. Myrdahl, Eileen Muller 2010. "Legislating Love: Norwegian Family Reunification Law as a Racial Project." Social & Cultural Geography 11 (2): 103-116
68. Nilssen, Even, and Nanna Kildal. 2009. "New Contractualism in Social Policy and the Norwegian Fight against Poverty and Social Exclusion." Ethics and Social Welfare 3 (3): 303-321
69. NOU 2004: 20. 2004. Ny utlendingslov. Oslo: Kommunal- og regionaldeparte-mentet.
70. Odelstinget. 2008. Møte tirsdag den 8. april 2008 kl 14.58. Stortinget.
71. Orloff, Ann. 2009. Gender and the Comparative Analysis of Welfare States. Presented at Summer School Nordic Centre of Excellence NordWel, Bergen.
72. Phillips, Anne. 2007. Multiculturalism without Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
73. Pierson, Christopher. 2006. Beyond the Welfare State?: The New Political Economy of Welfare. Cambridge: Polity Press.
74. Roggeband, Conny, and Mieke Verloo. 2007. "Dutch Women are Liberated, Migrant Women are a Problem: The Evolution of Policy Frames on Gender and Migration in the Netherlands, 1995-2005." Social Policy & Administration 41 (3): 271-288
75. Roseneil, Sasha, Isabel Crowhurst, Tone Hellesund, Ana Cristina Santos, and Mariya Stoilova. 2008. Policy Contexts and Responses to Changes in Intimate Life. FEMCIT, http://www.femcit.org/files/WP6- WorkingpaperNo1Revised.pdf (accessed January 2, 2009).
76. Sainsbury, Diane. 2006. "Immigrants' Social Rights in Comparative Perspective: Welfare Regimes, Forms in Immigration and Immigration Policy Regimes." Journal of European Social Policy 16 (3): 229-244
77. Salimi, Fakhra. 2004. "Jeg vil deg bare ditt vel, min kjæreste datter." MiRA-Magasinet 01/02243-247.
78. Schmidt, Garbi, Anika Liversage, Brian Krogh Graversen, Tina Gudrun Jensen, and Vibeke Jacobsen. 2009. Ændrede familiesammenfø ringsregler. Hvad har de nye regler betydet for pardannelsesmønstret blandt etniske minoriteter? Det nationale forskningscenter for velfærd, Copenhagen.
79. Schram, Sanford. 2006. Welfare Discipline: Discourse, Governance, and Globalization. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
80. Siim, Birte, and Hege Skjeie. 2008. "Tracks, Intersections and Dead Ends: Multicultural Challenges to State Feminism in Denmark and Norway." Ethnicities 8 (3): 322-344
81. Skjeie, Hege, and Mari Teigen. 2007. Likestilling og minoritetspolitikk. Institutt for samfunnsforskning Oslo: I. f. samfunnsforskning.
82. SOPEMI. 2000. "Comparative Analysis of the Legislation and the Procedures Governing the Immigration of Family Members in Certain OECD Countries." In Trends in International Migration, ed. Systeme d'Observation Permanente sur les Migrations (SOPEMI), 105-126 Paris: OECD.
83. -. 2007. "Recent Trends in International Migration." In International Migration Outlook. Annual Report. 2007 Edition, ed. Systeme d'Observation Permanente sur les Migrations (SOPEMI), 27-131. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
84. SSB. 2010, Innvandring 2010, www.ssb.no/innvandring (accessed May 19, 2010).
85. Storhaug, Hege. 1998. Hellig tvang: unge norske muslimer om kjærlighet og ekteskap. Oslo: Aschehoug.
86. Syltevik, Liv J., and Kari Wærness. 2004. "Det rasler i lenker- forsørgernormer i endring?" In Velferdsstaten og familien: utfordringer og dilemmaer, eds. A. Leira, and A.L. Ellingsæter, 100-127. Oslo: Gyldendal akademisk.
87. Sümer, Sevil. 2009. European Gender Regimes and Policies: Ashgate.
88. Taylor-Gooby, Peter. 2005. "Is the Future American? Or, Can Left Politics Preserve European Welfare States from Erosion through Growing Diversity?" Journal of Social Policy 34 (4): 661-672
89. The Danish Immigration Service. 2010. "Ægtefæller, registrerede partnere og faste samlevere." The Danish Immigration Service http://www.nyidanmark.dk/da-dk/Ophold/familiesammenfoering/aegtefaeller/ aegtefaeller.htm (accessed March 23, 2010).
90. UDI. 2009 Subsistence and Housing Requirement". 2009, http://www. udi.no/templates/Tema.aspx?id=7413 (accessed January 23, 2009).
91. UNE. 2008. "Familieinnvandring." Utlendingsnemnda (UNE) http://www. une.no/Praksis2/Rapporter/Praksisrapporter-2007/Familieinnvandring/ (accessed February 9, 2008).
92. Walsum, Sarah van, and Thomas Spijkerboer. 2007. Women and Immigration Law: New Variations on Classical Feminist Themes. Abingdon: Routledge-Cavendish.
93. Williams, Fiona, and Anna Gavanas. 2008. "The Intersetion of Childcare Regimes and MIgration Regimes: A Three-Country Study." In Migration and Domestic Work: a European Perspective on a Global Theme, ed. H. Lutz, 13-28. Aldershot: Ashgate.
94. Wray, Helena. 2008. "A Stranger in the Home: Immigration to the UK through Marriage from 1962." PhD diss., Department of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.