Victimization, Social Support, and Psychological Well-Being: A Study of Recently Released Prisoners

Criminal Justice and Behavior

Volumn 37, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1140-1159

  Listwan, Shelley Johnson ^a   Colvin, Mark ^a   Hanley, Dena ^b   Flannery, Daniel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

Author keywords

prison violence; reentry; social support; victimization

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956456591     PISSN: 00938548     EISSN: 15523594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0093854810376338     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Adams, K. (1983). Former mental patients in a prison and parole system: A study of socially disruptive behavior. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 10, 358-384.
2. Adams, K. (1992). Adjusting to prison life. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 276-359). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
3. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 47-87.
4. Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
6. Andrews, D.A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, S.J. (2006). The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime & Delinquency, 52, 7-27.
7. Arditti, J.A., & Few, A.L. (2006). Mothers' reentry into family life following incarceration. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 17, 103-123.
8. Bagley, C., Wood, M., & Young, L. (1994). Victim to abuser: Mental health and behavioral sequels of child sexual abuse in a community survey of young adult males. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 683-697.
9. Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
10. Baron, S.W. (2009). Differential coercion, street youth, and violent crime. Criminology, 47, 239-268.
11. Barrera, M., Jr., Sandler, I.N., & Ramsey, T.B. (1981). Preliminary studies of a scale of social support: Studies on college students. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 435-447.
12. Beck, A.J., & Harrison, P.M. (2007). Sexual victimization in state and federal prisons reported by inmates, 2007 (NCJ 219414). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
13. Beck, J.G., Coffey, S.F., Palyo, S.A., Gudmundsdottir, B., Miller, L.M., & Colder, C.R. (2004). Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): A replication with motor vehicle accident survivors. Psychological Assessment, 16, 289-298.
14. Benotsch, E.G., Brailey, K., Vasterling, J.J., Uddo, M., Contans, J.I., & Sutker, P.B. (2000). War zone stress, personal and environmental resources and PTSD symptoms in Gulf War veterans: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 205-213.
15. Biggam, F.H., & Powers, K.G. (1997). Social support and psychological distress in a group of incarcerated young offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 41, 213-230.
16. Blitz, C.L., Wolff, N., & Shi, J. (2008). Physical victimization in prison: The role of mental illness. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 31, 385-393.
17. Bonta, J., & Gendreau, P. (1987). Reexamining the cruel and unusual punishment of prison life. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 347-372.
18. Boxer, P., Middlemass, K., & Delorenzo, T. (2009). Exposure to violent crime during incarceration: Effects on psychological adjustment following release. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 793-807.
19. Briere, J. (1996). Psychometric review of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40. In B. H. Stamm (Ed.), Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation (pp. 373-377). Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press.
20. Briere, J., & Elliott, D.M. (2003). Prevalence and symptomatic sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 27, 1205-1222.
21. Briere, J., & Jordan, C.E. (2004). Violence against women: Outcome complexity and implications for assessment and treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1252-1276.
22. Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1989). The Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-33): Early data on a new scale. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4, 151-163.
23. Brinded, P., Alexander, M.J., Simpson, I.F., Laidlaw, T.M., Farley, N., & Fiona, M. (2001). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in New Zealand prisons: A national study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 166-173.
24. Bukstel, L.H., & Kilmann, P.R. (1980). Psychological effects of imprisonment on confined individuals. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 469-493.
25. Campbell, J. (2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. The Lancet, 359, 1331-1336.
26. Chen, M.K., & Shapiro, J.M. (2007). Do harsher prison conditions reduce recidivism? A discontinuity-based approach. American Law and Economics Review, 9, 1-29.
27. Cohen, S., & Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
28. Colvin, M. (1992). The penitentiary in crisis. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
29. Colvin, M. (2000). Crime and coercion. New York: St. Martin's Press.
30. Colvin, M. (2007). Applying differential coercion and social support theory to prison organizations: The case of the Penitentiary of New Mexico. The Prison Journal, 87, 367-387.
31. Colvin, M., Cullen, F.T., & Vander Ven, T. (2002). Coercion, social support and crime: An emerging theoretical consensus. Criminology, 40, 19-42.
32. Cooper, C., & Berwick, S. (2001). Factors affecting psychological well-being of three groups of suicide prone prisoners. Current Psychology, 20, 169-182.
33. Cooper, C., & Livingston, M. (1991). Depression and coping mechanisms in prisoners. Work & Stress, 5, 149-154.
34. Cullen, F.T. (1994). Social support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Justice Quarterly, 11, 527-559.
35. Cullen, F.T., Wright, J.P., & Chamlin, M.B. (1999). Social support and social reform: A progressive crime control agenda. Crime & Delinquency, 2, 188-207.
36. Cummins, R.C. (1988). Perceptions of social support, receipt of supportive behaviors, and locus of control as moderators of the effects of chronic stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 685-700.
37. Davies, H., & Flannery, D. (1998). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents exposed to violence. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 45, 341-353.
38. DeBlasio, K.W. (2005). Literacy, Education, and Rehabilitation Act. Retrieved, fromhttp://www.petitiononline.com/LERA/petition.html.
39. Dunn, G.E., Ryan, J.J., & Dunn, C.E. (1994). Trauma symptoms in substance abusers with and without histories of childhood abuse. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 26, 357-360.
40. Dutton, D.G. (1995). Trauma symptoms and PTSD-like profiles in perpetrators of intimate violence. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 299-316.
41. Elliott, D.M., & Briere, J. (1992). Sexual abuse trauma among professional women: Validating the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40). Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 391-398.
42. Elliott, D.M., Mok, D.S., & Briere, J. (2004). Adult sexual assault: Prevalence, symptomatology, and sex differences in the general population. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 203-211.
43. Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
44. Flannery, D.J. (2006). Violence and mental health in everyday life: Prevention and intervention strategies for children and adolescents. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
45. Flannery, D., Singer, M., Van Dulmen, M., Kretschmar, J., & Belliston, L. (2007). Exposure to violence, mental health and violent behavior. In D. J. Flannery, A. Vazsonyi, & I. Waldman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior and aggression (pp. 306-321). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
46. Flannery, D.J., Singer, M.I., & Wester, K. (2001). Violence exposure, psychological trauma, and suicide risk in a community sample of dangerously violent adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 435-442.
47. Foa, E.B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D.M., Tolin, D.F., & Orsillo, S.M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11, 303-314.
48. Follette, V.M., Polusny, M.M., Bechtle, A.E., & Naugle, A.E. (1996). Cumulative trauma: The impact of child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and spouse abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 25-35.
49. Gavranidou, M., & Rosner, R. (2003). The weaker sex? Gender and post-traumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 17, 130-139.
50. Gavrilovic, J.J., Schutzwohl, M., Fazel, M., & Priebe, S. (2005). Who seeks treatment after a traumatic event and who does not? A review of findings on mental health service utilization. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 595-605.
51. Gendreau, P., Goggin, C.E., & Law, M.A. (1997). Predicting prison misconducts. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 24, 414-431.
52. Gold, S.R., Milan, L.D., Mayall, A., & Johnson, A.E. (1994). A cross-validation study of the Trauma Symptom Checklist: The role of mediating variables. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 12-26.
53. Green, B.L., Miranda, J., Daroowalla, A., & Siddique, J. (2005). Trauma exposure, mental health functioning, and program needs of women in jail. Crime & Delinquency, 51, 133-151.
54. Haden, S.C., & Scarpa, A. (2008). Community violence victimization and depressed mood: The moderating effects of coping and social support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1213-1234.
55. Haney, C. (2001). The psychological impact of incarceration: Implications for post prison adjustment. Available fromhttp://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/prison2home02/haney.pdf.
56. Haney, C. (2006). Reforming punishment: Psychological limits to the pains of imprisonment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
57. Harvard Mental Health Letter. (2007, February). The risk for PTSD: New findings. Retrieved from https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Mental_Health_Letter/2007/February.
58. Hobfoll, S.E., Spielberger, C.D., Breznitz, S., Figley, C., Folkman, S., Lepper-Green, B.,. . . van der Kolk, B. (1991). War-related stress. American Psychologist, 46, 848-855.
59. Hochstetler, A., Murphy, D., & Simons, R.L. (2004). Damaged goods: Exploring the effects of victimization on released prisoners' distress. Crime & Delinquency, 50, 436-457.
60. Hodgins, S., & Cote, G. (1990). Prevalence of mental disorders among penitentiary inmates in Quebec. Canada's Mental Health, 38, 1-4.
61. Holmbeck, G.M. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599-610.
62. Houck, K.D.F., & Loper, A.B. (2002). The relationship of parenting stress to adjustment among mothers in prison. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 548-558.
63. Huebner, B. (2003). Administrative determinants of inmate violence: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31, 107-117.
64. Ireland, J. (2001). Distinguishing the perpetrators and victims of bullying behavior in a prison environment: A study of male and female prisoners. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 6, 229-247.
65. James, D.J., & Glaze, L.E. (2006). Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
66. Kilpatrick, D.G., Saunders, B.W., & Smith, D.W. (2003). Child and adolescent victimization in America: Prevalence and implications. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
67. Koss, M.P., Bailey, J.A., Yuan, N.P., Herrera, V., & Lichter, E.L. (2003). Depression and PTSD in survivors of male violence: Research and training initiatives to facilitate recovery. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 27, 130-142.
68. Kotulak, R. (1997). Inside the brain: Revolutionary discoveries of how the mind works. Kansas City, MO: Andrews McNeel.
69. Krupnick, J.L., Green, B., Stockton, P., Goodman, L., Corcoran, C., & Petty, R. (2004). Mental health effects of adolescent trauma exposure in a female college sample; exploring differential outcomes based on experiences of unique trauma types and dimensions. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 67, 264-279.
70. Lang, J., Rodgers, C.S., Laffaye, C., Satz, L.E., Dresselhaus, T.R., & Stein, M.B. (2003). Sexual trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and health behavior. Behavioral Medicine, 28, 150-158.
71. Lindquist, C.H., & Lindquist, C.A. (1997). Gender differences in distress: Mental health consequences of environmental stress among jail inmates. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 15, 503-523.
72. Listwan, S.J., Jonson, C.L., Cullen, F.T., & Latessa, E.J. (2008). Cracks in the penal harm movement: Evidence from the field. Criminology and Public Policy, 7, 423-465.
73. Lowenkamp, C.T., & Latessa, E.J. (2005). Evaluation of Ohio's RECLAIM funded programs, community corrections facilities, and DYS facilities (Technical report). Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati.
74. Mabli, J., Holley, C., Patrick, J., & Walls, J. (1979). Age and prison: Increasing age heterogeneity as a violence reduction strategy. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 6, 175-186.
75. MacKenzie, D.L. (1987). Age and adjustment to prison: Interactions with age and anxiety. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 14, 427-447.
76. McCorkle, R. (1993). Fear of victimization and symptoms of psychopathology among prison inmates. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 19, 27-41.
77. McCorkle, R., Meithe, T., & Drass, K. (1995). The root of prison violence: A test of deprivation, management and not-sototal institution models. Crime & Delinquency, 41, 317-331.
78. Mumola, C.J. (2005). Suicide and homicide in state prisons and local jails (NCJ 210036). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
79. Nicolaidis, C., Curry, M., McFarland, B., & Gerrity, M. (2004). Violence, mental health, and physical symptoms in an academic internal medicine practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 819-827.
80. Nishith, P., Resick, P.A., & Mueser, K.T. (2001). Sleep difficulties and alcohol use motives in female rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 469-479.
81. Paterline, B.A., & Petersen, D.M. (1999). Structural and social psychological determinants of prisonization. Journal of Criminal Justice, 5, 427-441.
82. Paulus, P., Cox, V., McCain, G., & Chandler, J. (1975). Some effects of crowding in a prison environment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 5, 86-91.
83. Poehlmann, J. (2005). Incarcerated mothers' contact with children, perceived family relationships, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 350-357.
84. Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (Eds.). (1990). Social support: An interactional view. New York, NY: Wiley.
85. Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R., Shearin, E.N., & Pierce, G.R. (1987). A brief measure of social support: Practical and theoretical implications. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4, 497-510.
86. Scarpa, A. (2003). Community violence exposure in young adults. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 4, 210-227.
87. Scarpa, A., Fikretoglu, D., Bowser, F., Hurley, J.D., Pappert, C.A., Romero, N., & Van Voorhees, E. (2002). Community violence exposure in university students: A replication and extension. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 253-272.
88. Scarpa, A., & Haden, S.C. (2006). Community violence victimization and aggressive behavior: The moderating effects of coping and social support. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 502-515.
89. Scarpa, A., Haden, S.C., & Hurley, J. (2006). Community violence victimization and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder: The moderating effects of coping and social support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 446-469.
90. Scarpa, A., Hurley, J.D., Shumate, H.W., & Haden, S.C. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and socioemotional effects of hearing about community violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 5-23.
91. Segrin, C., & Flora, F. (2001). Perceptions of relational histories, marital quality, and loneliness when communication is limited: An examination of married prison inmates. Journal of Family Communication, 1, 151-173.
92. Seymour, J. (1982). Environmental sanctuaries for susceptible prisoners. In R. Johnson & H. Toch (Eds.), The pains of imprisonment (pp. 267-284). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
93. Sommers, M.S., & Buschur, C. (2004). Injury in women who are raped. Dimensions in Critical Care Nursing, 23, 62-68.
94. Steadman, H.J., Osher, F.C., Robbins, P.C., Case, B., & Samuels, S. (2009). Prevalence of serious mental illness among jail inmates. Psychiatric Services, 60, 761-765.
95. Stein, M.B., Lang, A.J., Laffaye, L., Staz, L.E., Lenox, R.J., & Dresselhaus, T.R. (2004). Relationship of sexual assault history to somatic symptoms and health anxiety in women. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26, 178-183.
96. Steiner, B. (2009). Assessing static and dynamic influences on inmate violence levels. Crime & Delinquency, 55, 134-161.
97. Terr, L.C. (1991). Childhood traumas: An outline and overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 10.
98. Toch, H. (1977). Living in prison: The ecology of survival. New York, NY: Free Press.
99. Toch, H., & Adams, K. (1986). Pathology and disruptiveness among prison inmates. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 23, 7-21.
100. Turner, R.J., Lloyd, D.A., & Wheaton, B. (1995). The epidemiology of social stress. American Sociological Review, 60, 104-125.
101. Ullman, S.E., & Filipas, H.H. (2001). Predictors of PTSD symptom severity and social reactions in sexual assault victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 369-389.
102. Unnever, J.D., Colvin, M., & Cullen, F.T. (2004). Crime and coercion: A test of core theoretical propositions. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41, 244-268.
103. Winfree, L.T. (1985). American jail death rates: A comparison of the 1978 and 1983 jail census data (NCJ 101631). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
104. Wolff, N., Blitz, C., & Shi, J. (2007). Rates of sexual victimization inside prison for people with and without mental disorder. Psychiatric Services, 58, 1087-1094.
105. Wooldredge, J.D. (1998). Inmate lifestyles and opportunities for victimization. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35, 480-502.
106. Wooldredge, J.D. (1999). Inmate experiences and psychological well-being. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26, 235-250.
107. Zamble, E., & Porporino, F. (1988). Coping, behavior, and adaptation in prison inmates. New York, NY: Springer.
108. Zamble, E., & Porporino, F. (1990). Coping, imprisonment, and rehabilitation: Some data and their implications. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17, 53-70.
109. Zlotnick, C., Shea, M.T., Begin, A., Pearlstein, T., Simpson, E., & Costello, E. (1996). The validation of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40) in a sample of inpatients. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, 503-510.