Bans against corporal punishment: A systematic review of the laws, changes in attitudes and behaviours

Child Abuse Review

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 229-247

  Zolotor, Adam J ^a   Puzia, Megan E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

Author keywords

Child abuse; Corporal punishment; Social policy

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956439088     PISSN: 09529136     EISSN: 10990852     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/car.1131     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Baumrind D, Larzelere RE, Cowan PA. 2002. Ordinary physical punishment: is it harmful? Comment on Gershoff (2002). Psychological Bulletin 128(4): 580-589; discussion 602-611.
2. Beauchamp TL. 1994. The 'four-principles' approach. In Principles of Health Care Ethics, Gillon R (ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd: New York, NY.
3. Berlin LJ, Ispa JM, Fine MA, Malone PS, Brooks-Gunn J, Brady-Smith C, Ayoub C, Bai Y. 2009. Correlates and consequences of spanking and verbal punishment for low-income white, African American, and Mexican American toddlers. Child Development 80(5): 1403-1420.
4. Bulgaria. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Bulgaria.pdf [19 October 2009].
5. Bussmann K. 2004. Evaluating the subtle impact of a ban on corporal punishment of children in Germany. Child Abuse Review 13(5): 292-311. DOI: 10.1002/car.866.
6. Center for Effective Discipline. 2009. Discipline and the law. Available: http://www.stophitting.com/index.php?page=laws-main [19 October 2009].
7. Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2001. General Comment Number 1. The Aims of Education. UNICEF: Geneva, Switzerland.
8. Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2006. General Comment Number 8. The Right of the Child to Protection from Corporal Punishment and Other Cruel and Degrading Forms of Punishment. UNICEF: Geneva, Switzerland.
9. Costa Rica. 2008. Law to avoid physical punishment to minors. Available: http://www.dhr.go.cr/nopeguemos/ley8654.html [6 May 2010].
10. Croatia. 1999. Law 1 and penalties for violating the law (Family Act, Articles 88, 92 and 108). Available: http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/306171.html [19 October 2009].
11. Croatia. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Croatia.pdf [19 October 2009].
12. Cyprus. 1994. Law 1 and penalties for violating the law (The violence in the family (prevention and protection of victims) law 1994, Section 1.3. Available: http://www.familyviolence.gov.cy/upload/legislation/law_1994_en.pdf [19 October 2009].
13. Denmark. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Denmark.pdf [19 October 2009].
14. Durrant JE. 1999. Evaluating the success of Sweden's corporal punishment ban. Child Abuse & Neglect 23(5): 435-448.
15. Durrant JE, Rose-Krasnor L, Broberg AG. 2003. Physical punishment and maternal beliefs in Sweden and Canada. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 34: 585-604.
16. Fiji Court of Appeal. 2002. Naushad Ali v. State. Cited in General comment number 8. The right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel and degrading forms of punishment. UNICEF: Geneva, Switzerland.
17. Finland. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Finland.pdf [19 October 2009].
18. Focus on the Family. Effective biblical discipline. Available: http://www2. ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Netherlands.pdf [19 October 2009].
19. Germany. 2000. Civil Code, Article 1631. Available: http://bundesrecht.juris.de/bgb/1631.html [19 October 2009].
20. Gershoff ET. 2002. Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: a meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin 128(4): 539-579.
21. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children. 2001a. Available: http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/ [19 October 2009].
22. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children. 2001b. Germany: Full Country Report. Available: http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/pages/frame.html [19 October 2009].
23. Greece. 2006. Law 3500/2006 The Combating of Intra-Family Violence, Article 4. Available: http://www.dsanet.gr/Epikairothta/Nomothesia/n3500_06.htm [19 October 2009].
24. Israel. 2000. Israel Supreme Court, Criminal Appeal 4956/98 Plonit v A.G. 54(1)P.D. Available: http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/pages/pdfs/Israel_ Judgment.pdf [19 October 2009].
25. Janson S. 2001. Children and abuse: Corporal punishment and other forms of child abuse in Sweden at the end of the second millenium. Available: http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c4/11/98/b1ebdfe0.pdf [19 October 2009].
26. Komen M. 2003. Physical child abuse and social change. Judicial intervention in families in The Netherlands, 1960-1995. Child Abuse & Neglect 27(8): 951-965.
27. Larzelere RE. 2008. Disciplinary spanking: the scientific evidence. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 29(4): 334-335.
28. Larzelere RE, Kuhn BR. 2005. Comparing child outcomes of physical punishment and alternative disciplinary tactics: a meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 8(1): 1-37.
29. Latvia. 1998. Law (Protection of the Rights of the Child, Sections 9.2, 24.4, and 24.5) and penalties (1) for violating the law (Article 52.4). Available: http://www.ttc.lv/advantagecms/LV/meklet/meklet_dokumentus.html?query=Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20the%20Child%20Law &resultsPerPage=10 [19 October 2009].
30. Lindell C, Svedin CG. 2001. Physical child abuse in Sweden: a study of police reports between 1986 and 1996. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 36(3): 150-157.
31. National Statistical Institute. 2004. Punished criminality and persons convicted in 2003. Available: http://www.nsi.bg/Stat_e/SearchFrame.htm?query=child+ abuse&stpos=0&Submit=Search&stype=AND [19 October 2009].
32. Netherlands. 2007. Civil Code, Article 1-247. Available: http://wetten.overheid. nl/BWBR0002656/Boek1/Titel14/Afdeling1/Artikel247/geldigheidsdatum_13-05-2009 [19 October 2009].
33. New Zealand. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/NewZealand.pdf [19 October 2009].
34. Portugal. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Portugal.pdf [19 October 2009].
35. Portugal. 2007. Penal Code, Articles 152 and 143. Available: http://www.gnr.pt/portal/internet/legislacao/pdf/CP.pdf [19 October 2009].
36. Republic of Moldova. 2008. The Family Code, Articles 53 and 62. Available: http://www.dejure.md/library_upld/d257.txt [19 October 2009].
37. Roberts JV. 2000. Changing public attitudes towards corporal punishment: the effects of statutory reform in Sweden. Child Abuse & Neglect 24(8): 1027-1035.
38. Romania. 2004. Law on Protection and Promotion of the Rights of the Child, Chapter 1, Article 28; Chapter 3, Article 90. Available: http://www.dreptonline.ro/en_resourses/en_romanian_child_protection.php [19 October 2009].
39. Romania. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Romania.pdf [19 October 2009].
40. Runyan DK, Shankar V, Hassan F, Hunter WM, Jain D, Paula CS Bangdiwala SI, Ramiro LS, Muñoz SR, Vizcarra B, Bordin I. In press. International variations in harsh child discipline. Pediatrics.
41. Sajkowska M. 2007. The problem of child abuse: Attitudes and experiences in seven countries of central and eastern Europe. Warsaw University: Warsaw, Poland.
42. Spain. 2007. Revised law, civil code, article 154. Available: http://civil.udg.es/normacivil/estatal/CC/1T7.htm [19 October 2009].
43. Stein MT, Perrin EL. 1998. Guidance for effective discipline. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. Pediatrics 101(4 Pt 1): 723-728.
44. Straus MA, Paschall MJ. 2009. The effects of corporal punishment: Corporal punishment by mothers and development of children's cognitive ability-a longitudinal study of two nationally representative age cohorts. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 18: 459-483.
45. Sweden. 1979. Children and Parents Code, Chapter 6.1. Available: http://www.notisum.se/rnp/SLS/lag/19490381.htm [19 October 2009].
46. Sweden. 2005. Response to the United Nations study on violence against children. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Sweden.pdf [19 October 2009].
47. UNICEF (ed.). 2001. Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, revised edition. UNICEF: Geneva, Switzerland.
48. UNICEF. 2006. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available: http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_30229.html [19 October 2009].
49. Uruguay. 2007. Law No. 18.214 Proyecto de Ley Sustitutivo-Prohibición del castigo físico. Available: http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/Portadas/index1024.html [19 October 2009].
50. Venezuela. 2007. Organic Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents, Article 32-A and 358. Available: http://www.crin.org/Law/instrument.asp?InstID=1251 [19 October 2009].
51. Ziegert K. 1983. The Swedish prohibition of corporal punishment: A preliminary report. Journal of Marriage & the Family 45(4): 917-926.
52. Zolotor AJ, Theodore AD, Chang JJ, Berkoff MC, Runyan DK. 2008. Speak softly-and forget the stick. Corporal punishment and child physical abuse. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 35(4): 364-369.