Stent thrombosis - Risk assessment and prevention

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2010, Pages

  Motovska, Zuzana ^a   Knot, Jiri ^a   Widimsky, Petr ^a  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Antiplatelet drugs; Coagulation thrombosis; Interventional cardiology; Stents

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; PRASUGREL; THIENOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; TICAGRELOR;

BARE METAL STENT; DRUG ELUTING STENT; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STENT THROMBOSIS; THROMBOSIS PREVENTION;

ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY; ANIMALS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DRUG-ELUTING STENTS; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; METALS; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; PROSTHESIS DESIGN; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; STENTS; THROMBOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77956428885     PISSN: 17555914     EISSN: 17555922     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00186.x     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Farb A, Sangiorgi G, Carter AJ, et al. Pathology of acute and chronic coronary stenting in humans. Circulation 1999 99 : 44 52. (Pubitemid 29035956)
2. Lenzen MJ, Boersma E, Bertrand ME, et al. Management and outcome of patients with established coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2005 26 : 1169 1179.
3. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive oral antiplatelet therapy for reduction of ischaemic events including stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting in the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial: A subanalysis of a randomised trial. Lancet 2008 371 : 1353 1363.
4. Grüntzig AR, Senning A, Siegenthaler WE. Nonoperative dilatation of coronary-artery stenosis: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1979 301 : 61 68.
5. Palmaz JC, Sibbitt RR, Reuter SR, Tio FO, Rice WJ. Expandable intraluminal graft: A preliminary study: Work in progress. Radiology 1985 156 : 73 77.
6. Schatz RA, Palmaz JC, Tio FO, et al. Balloon-expandable intracoronary stents in the adult dog. Circulation 1987 76 : 450 457.
7. Sigwart U, Puel J, Mirkovitch V, Joffre F, Kappenberger L. Intravascular stents to prevent occlusion and restenosis after transluminal angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1987 316 : 701 706.
8. Joffre F, Puel J, Imbert C. Use of a new type of self expanding endovascular stent prosthesis: Early clinical results. Abstract 1151, Scientific Program RSNA, December 1986, p. 348.
9. Serruys PW, Strauss BH, Beatt KJ, et al. Angiographic follow-up after placement of a self-expanding coronary-artery stent. N Engl J Med 1991 324 : 13 17.
10. Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F, et al. A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1994 331 : 489 495.
11. Fischman DL, Leon MB, Baim DS, et al. A randomized comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1994 331 : 496 501.
12. Brophy JM, Belisle P, Joseph L. Evidence for use of coronary stents: A hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003 138 : 777 786.
13. Greenberg D, Bakhai A, Cohen DJ. Can we afford to eliminate restenosis? Can we afford not to? J Am Coll Cardiol 2004 43 : 513 518.
14. Mehran R, Dangas G, Abizaid AS, et al. Angiographic patterns of in-stent restenosis: Classification and implications for long-term outcome. Circulation 1999 100 : 1872 1878.
15. Doyle B, Rihal CS, O'Sullivan CJ, et al. Outcomes of stent thrombosis and restenosis during extended follow-up of patients treated with bare-metal coronary stents. Circulation 2007 116 : 2391 2398.
16. Stone GW, Ellis SG, Cox DA, et al. A polymer-based, paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2004 350 : 221 231.
17. Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, et al. Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery. N Engl J Med 2003 349 : 1315 1323.
18. Babapulle MN, Joseph L, Belisle P, Brophy JM, Eisenberg MJ. A hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials of drug-eluting stents. Lancet 2004 364 : 583 591.
19. McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, et al. Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. Lancet 2004 364 : 1519 1521. (Pubitemid 39410418)
20. Neumann FJ, Gawaz M, Ott I, May A, Mössmer G, Schömig A. Prospective evaluation of hemostatic predictors of subacute stent thrombosis after coronary Palmaz-Schatz stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996 27 : 15 21.
21. Moussa I, Di Mario C, Di Francesco L, et al. Subacute stent thrombosis and the anticoagulation controversy. Am J Cardiol 1996 78 : 13 17.
22. Makkar RR, Eigler S, Kaul S, et al. Effects of clopidogrel, aspirin and combined therapy in a porcine ex vivo model of high-shear induced stent thrombosis. Eur Heart J 1998 19 : 1538 1546.
23. Motovska Z, Kala P. Benefits and risks of clopidogrel use in patients with coronary artery disease: Evidence from randomized studies and registries. Clin Ther 2008 30 (Pt 2 2191 2202.
24. Mehta SR. A 2 × 2 factorial randomized trial of optimal clopidogrel and aspirin dosing in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing an early invasive strategy with an intent for PCI: The CURRENT-OASIS-7 trial. Presented ESC Barcelona, September 2009.
25. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators. Intensive oral antiplatelet therapy for reduction of ischaemic events including stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting in the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial: A subanalysis of a randomised trial. Lancet 2008 : 19 371 : 1353 1363.
26. Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009 361 : 1045 1057.
27. Peterson ED, Lansky AJ, Anstrom KJ, et al. Evolving trends in interventional device use and outcomes: Results from the national cardiovascular network database. Am Heart J 2000 139 (2 Pt 1 198 207.
28. Togni M, Balmer F, Pfiffner D, et al. Percutaneous coronary interventions in Europe 1992-2001. Eur Heart J 2004 25 : 1208 1213.
29. Cutlip DE, Windecker S, Mehran R, et al Academic Research Consortium. Clinical end points in coronary stent trials: A case for standardized definitions. Circulation 2007 115 : 2344 2351.
30. Mauri L, Hsieh WH, Massaro JM, et al. Stent thrombosis in randomized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 2007 356 : 1020 1029.
31. Nemetz PN, Tanglos E, Sands LP, et al. Attitudes toward the autopsy-an 8-state survey. MedGenMed 2006 8 : 80.
32. Uretsky BF, Thygesen K, Armstrong PW, et al. Acute coronary findings at autopsy in heart failure patients with sudden death: Results from the assessment of treatment with lisinopril and survival (ATLAS) trial. Circulation 2000 102 : 611 616.
33. Aoki J, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, et al. Early stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with drug-eluting and bare metal stents: The acute catheterization and urgent intervention triage strategy trial. Circulation 2009 119 : 687 698.
34. Stettler C, Wandel S, Allemann S, et al. Outcomes associated with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: A collaborative network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007 370 : 937 948.
35. Lagerqvist B, James SK, Stenestrand U, et al. SCAAR Study Group. Long-term outcomes with drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in Sweden. N Engl J Med 2007 356 : 1009 1019.
36. Lagerqvist B, Carlsson J, Fröbert O, et al for the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry Study Group. Stent thrombosis in Sweden. Circ: Cardiovasc Interv 2009 2 : 401 408.
37. Kaltolft A, Jensen LO, Maeng M, et al. 2-year clinical outcomes after implantation of sirolimus-eluting, paclitaxel-eluting, and bare-metal coronary stents: Results from the WDHR (western Denmark heart registry). J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 53 : 658 664.
38. Daemen J, Wenaweser P, Tsuchida K, et al. Early and late coronary stent thrombosis of sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in routine clinical practice: Data from a large two-institutional cohort study. Lancet 2007 369 : 667 678.
39. Wenaweser P, Daemen J, Zwahlen M, et al. Incidence and correlates of drug-eluting stent thrombosis in routine clinical practice: 4-year results from a large 2-institutional cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 52 : 1134 1140.
40. Farb A, Sangiorgi G, Carter AJ, et al. Pathology of acute and chronic coronary stenting in humans. Circulation 1999 99 : 44 52. (Pubitemid 29035956)
41. Grewe PH, Deneke T, Machraoui A, et al. Acute and chronic tissue response to coronary stent implantation: Pathologic findings in human specimen. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 35 : 157 163.
42. Jeong MH, Owen WG, Staab ME, et al. Porcine model of stent thrombosis: Platelets are the primary component of acute stent closure. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1996 38 : 38 43.
43. van Beusekom HMM, Van Der Giessen WJ, van Suylen RJ, et al. Histology after stenting of human saphenous vein grafts: Observations from surgically excised grafts 3 to 320 days after stent implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 21 : 45 54.
44. Uren NG, Schwarzacher SP, Metz JA, et al. Predictors and outcomes of stent thrombosis: An intravascular ultrasound registry. Eur Heart J 2002 23 : 124 132.
45. Alfonso F, Suarez A, Angiolillo DJ, et al. Findings of intravascular ultrasound during acute stent thrombosis. Heart 2004 90 : 1455 1459.
46. Farb A, Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, et al. Pathological mechanisms of fatal late coronary stent thrombosis in humans. Circulation 2003 108 : 1701 1706.
47. Joner M, Finn AV, Farb A, et al. Pathology of DES in humans: Delayed healing and late thrombotic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 48 : 193 202.
48. Finn AV, Joner M, Nakazawa G, et al. Pathological correlates of late DES thrombosis. Circulation 2007 115 : 2435 2441.
49. Steffel J, Latini RA, Akhmedov A, et al. Rapamycin, but not FK-506, increases endothelial tissue factor expression: Implications for drug-eluting stent design. Circulation 2005 112 : 2002 2011.
50. Stahli BE, Camici GG, Steffel J, et al. Paclitaxel enhances thrombin-induced endothelial tissue factor expression via c-Jun terminal NH2 kinase activation. Circ Res 2006 99 : 149 155.
51. Virmani R, Guagliumi G, Farb A, et al. Localized hypersensitivity and late coronary thrombosis: Should we be cautious? Circulation 2004 109 : 701 705.
52. Cook S, Ladich E, Nakazawa G, et al. Correlation of intravascular ultrasound findings with histopathological analysis of thrombus aspirates in patients with very late drug-eluting stent thrombosis. Circulation 2009 120 : 391 399.
53. Xu DY, Zhao SP, Peng WP. Elevated plasma levels of soluble P-selectin in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. An inverse link to lipoprotein(a). Int J Cardiol 1998 64 : 253 258.
54. Motovska Z, Widimsky P, Petr R, et al. PRAGUE-8 Study Investigators. Factors influencing clopidogrel efficacy in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: Statin's advantage and the smoking "paradox." J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009 53 : 368 372.
55. Motovska Z, Kala P. Benefits and risks of clopidogrel use in patients with coronary artery disease: Evidence from randomized studies and registries. Clin Ther 2008 30 (Pt 2 2191 2202.
56. Gordge MP, Faint RW, Rylance PB, Neild GH. Platelet function and the bleeding time in progressive renal failure. Thromb Haemost 1988 60 : 83 87.
57. Cheneau E, Leborgne L, Mintz GS, et al. Predictors of subacute stent thrombosis: Results of a systemic intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 2003 108 : 43 47.
58. van Werkum JW, Heestermans AA, Zomer AC, et al. Predictors of coronary stent thrombosis: The Dutch stent thrombosis registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 53 : 1399 1409.
59. Motovska Z, Widimsky P, Marinov I, et al the PRAGUE-8 Study Investigators. Clopidogrel resistance "Live" - the risk of stent thrombosis should be evaluated before procedures. Thromb J 2009 7 : 6 11.
60. Gori AM, Marcucci R, Migliorini A, et al. Incidence and clinical impact of dual nonresponsiveness to aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with drug-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 52 : 734 739.
61. Barragan P, Bouvier JL, Roquebert PO, et al. Resistance to thienopyridines: Clinical detection of coronary stent thrombosis by monitoring of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003 59 : 295 302.
62. Buonamici P, Marcucci R, Migliorini A, et al. Impact of platelet reactivity after clopidogrel administration on drug-eluting stent thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007 49 : 2312 2317.
63. Lee MS, Canan T, Perlowski A, et al. Causes of death in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents in a real-world setting. J Invasive Cardiol 2009 21 : 441 445.
64. Berry C, Tardif JC, Bourassa MG. Coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes. Part II: Recent advances in coronary revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007 49 : 643 656. (Pubitemid 46205040)
65. Murin J, Yaghy M. Diabetes and vascular diabetic disease. Vnitr Lek 2009 55 : 788 791.
66. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, Angiolillo DJ, et al. Greater clinical benefit of more intensive oral antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel in patients with diabetes mellitus in the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with prasugrel-Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 38. Circulation 2008 118 : 1626 1636.
67. Iakovou I, Schmidt T, Bonizzoni E, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drug-eluting stents. JAMA 2005 293 : 2126 2130.
68. Cuisset T, Frere C, Quilici J, et al. Relationship between aspirin and clopidogrel responses in acute coronary syndrome and clinical predictors of non response. Thromb Res 2008 123 : 597 603.
69. Morton AC, Walker RD, Gunn J. Current challenges in coronary stenting: From bench to bedside. Biochem Soc Trans 2007 35 (Pt 5 900 904.
70. King SB 3rd., Smith SC Jr., Hirshfeld JW Jr., et al. 2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 51 : 172 209.
71. Airoldi F, Colombo A, Morici N, et al. Incidence and predictors of drug-eluting stent thrombosis during and after discontinuation of thienopyridine treatment. Circulation 2007 116 : 745 754.
72. Schulz S, Schuster T, Mehilli J, et al. Stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation: Incidence, timing, and relation to discontinuation of clopidogrel therapy over a 4-year period. Eur Heart J 2009 30 : 2714 2721.
73. Byrne RA, Schulz S, Mehilli J, et al Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Safety and efficacy of six months dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stenting (ISAR-SAFE) investigators. Am Heart J 2009 157 : 620 624.
74. Seung-Jung P, Duk-Woo P, Young-Hak K, et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 2010 362 : 1374 1382.
75. Angiolillo DJ, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Bernardo E, et al. Variability in individual responsiveness to clopidogrel: Clinical implications, management, and future perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007 49 : 1505 1516.
76. 12 receptor-mediated platelet inhibition than clopidogrel due to more efficient generation of its active metabolite in aspirin-treated patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2008 29 : 21 30.
77. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, et al. Randomized double-blind assessment of the ONSET and OFFSET of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: The ONSET/OFFSET Study. Circulation 2009 120 : 2577 2585.
78. Wiviott SD, Trenk D, Frelinger AL, et al. Prasugrel compared with high loading- and maintenance-dose clopidogrel in patients with planned percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2007 116 : 2923 2932.
79. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, et al. Response to ticagrelor in clopidogrel nonresponders and responders and effect of switching therapies: The RESPOND study. Circulation 2010 121 : 1188 1199.
80. Valgimigli M, Campo G, de Cesare N, et al. Tailoring treatment with tirofiban in patients showing resistance to aspirin and/or resistance to clopidogrel (3T/2R) investigators. Intensifying platelet inhibition with tirofiban in poor responders to aspirin, clopidogrel, or both agents undergoing elective coronary intervention: Results from the double-blind, prospective, randomized tailoring treatment with tirofiban in patients showing resistance to aspirin and/or resistance to clopidogrel study. Circulation 2009 119 : 3215 3222.