Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac amyloid

Current Cardiology Reports

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 272-276

  Tsang, Wendy ^a   Lang, Roberto M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

3D echocardiography; Cardiac amyloid; Contrast; Echocardiography; Strain

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART AMYLOIDOSIS; HEART MUSCLE BIOPSY; HUMAN; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING; TWO DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

AMYLOID; AMYLOIDOSIS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; PROGNOSIS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER;

EID: 77956394343     PISSN: 15233782     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-010-0108-7     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. Dubrey SW, Cha K, Skinner M, et al.: Familial and primary (AL) cardiac amyloidosis: Echocardiographically similar diseases with distinctly different clinical outcomes. Heart 1997, 78:74-82.
2. Falk RH, Plehn JF, Deering T, et al.: Sensitivity and specificity of the echocardiographic features of cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol 1987, 59:418-422.
3. Palka P, Lange A, Donnelly JE, et al.: Doppler tissue echocardiographic features of cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002, 15:1353-1360.
4. Cueto-Garcia L, Reeder GS, Kyle RA, et al.: Echocardiographic findings in systemic amyloidosis: Spectrum of cardiac involvement and relation to survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985, 6:737-743.
5. Rapezzi C, Merlini G, Quarta CC, et al.: Systemic cardiac amyloidoses: Disease profiles and clinical courses of the 3 main types. Circulation 2009, 120:1203-1212. This is the first study to demonstrate that the echocardiographic findings and clinical course of cardiac amyloid patients are not all the same. AL amyloid, senile amyloid, and hereditary amyloid each cause a different clinical course that is important to realize for management.
6. Feng D, Syed IS, Martinez M, et al.: Intracardiac thrombosis and anticoagulation therapy in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 2009, 119:2490-2497. This paper reports results from an initial autopsy study that revealed a high prevalence of intracardiac thrombi in cardiac amyloid patients. It is the first paper to demonstrate the clinical and echocardiographic findings that should lead clinicians to consider evaluating cardiac amyloid patients for intracardiac thrombus.
7. Klein AL, Hatle LK, Burstow DJ, et al.: Doppler characterization of left ventricular diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989, 13:1017-1026.
8. Nihoyannopoulos P, Dawson D: Restrictive cardiomyopathies. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009,10:iii23-iii33.
9. Brenner DA, Jain M, Pimentel DR, et al.: Human amyloidogenic light chains directly impair cardiomyocyte function through an increase in cellular oxidant stress. Circ Res 2004, 94:1008-1010.
10. Sallach JA, Klein AL: Tissue Doppler imaging in the evaluation of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Curr Opin Cardiol 2004,19:464-471.
11. Tei C, Dujardin KS, Hodge DO, et al.: Doppler index combining systolic and diastolic myocardial performance: Clinical value in cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 28:658-664.
12. Koyama J, Ray-Sequin PA, Davidoff R, Falk RH: Usefulness of pulsed tissue Doppler imaging for evaluating systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol 2002, 89:1067-1071.
13. Klein AL, Hatle LK, Taliercio CP, et al.: Prognostic significance of Doppler measures of diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis. A Doppler echocardiography study. Circulation 1991, 83:808-816.
14. Patel AR, Dubrey SW, Mendes LA, et al.: Right ventricular dilation in primary amyloidosis: An independent predictor of survival. Am J Cardiol 1997, 80:486-492.
15. Kristen AV, Perz JB, Schonland SO, et al.: Non-invasive predictors of survival in cardiac amyloidosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2007, 9:617-624.
16. Austin BA, Duffy B, Tan C, et al.: Comparison of functional status, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters to mortality in endomyocardial-biopsy proven cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol 2009, 103:1429-1433. This is a interesting paper that examined only endomyocardial biopsy-documented cardiac amyloid and showed that long-term survival is only predicted by New York Heart Association functional class rather than electrocardiographic or echocardiographic variables.
17. Oki T, Tanaka H, Yamada H, et al.: Diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis based on the myocardial velocity profile in the hypertrophied left ventricular wall. Am J Cardiol 2004, 3:864-869.
18. Smiseth OA, Ihlen H: Strain rate imaging: Why do we need it? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42:1584-1586.
19. Koyama J, Ray-Sequin PA, Falk RH: Longitudinal myocardial function assessed by tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with AL (primary) cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 2003, 107:2446-2452.
20. Bellavia D, Abraham TP, Pellikka PA, et al.: Detection of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in cardiac amyloidosis with strain rate echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007, 20:1194-1202.
21. Bellavia D, Pellikka PA, Abraham TP, et al.: Evidence of impaired left ventricular systolic function by Doppler myocardial imaging in patients with systemic amyloidosis and no evidence of cardiac involvement by standard two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2008, 101:1039-1045.
22. Lindqvist P, Olofsson BO, Backman C, et al.: Pulsed tissue Doppler and strain imaging discloses early signs of infiltrative cardiac disease: A study on patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Eur J Echocardiogr 2006, 7:22-30.
23. Al-Zahrani GB, Bellavia D, Pellikka PA, et al.: Doppler myocardial imaging compared to standard two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography for assessment of diastolic function in patients with systemic amyloidosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009, 22:290-298.
24. Sun JP, Stewart WJ, Yang XS, et al.: Differentiation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis from other causes of ventricular wall thickening by two-dimensional strain imaging echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2009, 103:411-415. This is an interesting paper using 2D SRI in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis from other causes.
25. Migrino RQ, Harmann L, Woods T, et al.: Intraventricular dyssynchrony in light chain amyloidosis: A new mechanism of systolic dysfunction assessed by 3-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2008, 6:40.
26. Shah KB, Inoue Y, Mehra MR: Amyloidosis and the heart: A comprehensive review. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:1805-1813.
27. Abdelmoneim SS, Bernier M, Bellavia D, et al.: Myocardial contrast echocardiography in biopsy-proven primary cardiac amyloidosis. Eur J Echocardiogr 2008, 9:338-341.
28. Nesbitt GC, Mankad S, Oh JK: Strain imaging in echocardiography: Methods and clinical applications. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2009, 25(Suppl 1):9-22.