Health insurance for the poor: Impact on catastrophic and out-of-pocket health expenditures in Mexico

European Journal of Health Economics

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 437-447

  Galárraga, Omar ^a,b   Sosa Rubí, Sandra G ^a   Salinas Rodríguez, Aarón ^a   Sesma Vázquez, Sergio ^c  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA   (Mexico)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Carso Health Institute   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Catastrophic health expenditures; Econometric methods; Health insurance; Instrumental variables; Mexico; Out of pocket spending; Poor populations

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GOLD STANDARD; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE SURVEY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HUMAN; MEXICO; OUT OF POCKET HEALTH EXPENDITURE; OUTPATIENT; POOR GENERAL CONDITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INSURANCE, HEALTH; MALE; MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED AREA; MEDICALLY UNINSURED; MEXICO; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, STATISTICAL; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POVERTY; STATISTICS AS TOPIC;

EID: 77956392839     PISSN: 16187598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10198-009-0180-3     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. E Gakidou R Lozano E Gonzalez-Pier, et al. 2006 Assessing the effect of the 2001-2006 Mexican health reform: an interim report card Lancet 368 1920 1935 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69568-8
2. FM Knaul H Arreola-Ornelas O Mendez-Carniado, et al. 2006 Evidence is good for your health system: policy reform to remedy catastrophic and impoverishing health spending in Mexico Lancet 368 1828 1841 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69565-2
3. SW Parker R Wong 1997 Household income and health care expenditures in Mexico Health Policy 40 237 255 10.1016/S0168-8510(97)00011-0
4. R Perez-Rico S Sesma-Vazquez E Puentes-Rosas 2005 Catastrophic health expenditures in Mexico: comparative study by social exclusion level Salud Publica Mex 47 Suppl 1 S47 S53
5. S Sesma-Vazquez R Perez-Rico CL Sosa-Manzano, et al. 2005 Catastrophic health expenditures in Mexico: magnitude, distribution and determinants Salud Publica Mex 47 Suppl 1 S37 S46
6. G King E Gakidou K Imai, et al. 2009 Public policy for the poor? A randomised assessment of the Mexican universal health insurance programme Lancet 373 1447 1454 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60239-7
7. J Frenk E Gonzalez-Pier O Gomez-Dantes, et al. 2006 Comprehensive reform to improve health system performance in Mexico Lancet 368 1524 1534 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69564-0
8. FM Knaul H Arreola-Ornelas O Mendez 2005 Financial protection in health: Mexico, 1992 to 2004 Salud Publica Mex 47 430 439
9. Torres, A.C., Knaul, F.M.: Determinantes del gasto de bolsillo en salud e implicaciones para el aseguramiento universal en México: 1992-2000. In: Knaul, F.M., Nigenda, G. (eds.) Caleidoscopio de la salud: De la investigación a las políticas y de las políticas a la acción, pp. 209-225. Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, México, D.F. (2003)
10. K Xu DB Evans G Carrin, et al. 2007 Protecting households from catastrophic health spending Health Aff. (Millwood) 26 972 983 10.1377/hlthaff.26.4.972
11. W Van Damme L Van Leemput I Por, et al. 2004 Out-of-pocket health expenditure and debt in poor households: evidence from Cambodia Trop. Med. Int. Health 9 273 280 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01194.x
12. Von Neumann, J., Morgenstern, O.: Theory of games and economic behavior. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1944)
13. M Friedman LJ Savage 1948 The utility analysis of choices involving risk J. Polit. Econ. 56 279 304 10.1086/256692
14. MV Pauly 1968 The economics of moral hazard Am. Econ. Rev. 58 531 537
15. JA Nyman 1999 The value of health insurance: the access motive J. Health Econ. 18 141 152 10.1016/S0167-6296(98)00049-6
16. D McIntyre M Thiede G Dahlgren, et al. 2006 What are the economic consequences for households of illness and of paying for health care in low-and middle-income country contexts? Soc. Sci. Med. 62 858 865 10.1016/j.socscimed. 2005.07.001
17. K Xu DB Evans K Kawabata, et al. 2003 Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis Lancet 362 111 117 10.1016/S0140-6736(03) 13861-5
18. MK Ranson 2002 Reduction of catastrophic health care expenditures by a community-based health insurance scheme in Gujarat, India: current experiences and challenges Bull. World Health Organ. 80 613 621
19. H Wang W Yip L Zhang, et al. 2005 Community-based health insurance in poor rural China: the distribution of net benefits Health Policy Plan 20 366 374 10.1093/heapol/czi045
20. TB Chu TC Liu CS Chen, et al. 2005 Household out-of-pocket medical expenditures and National Health Insurance in Taiwan: income and regional inequality BMC Health Serv. Res. 5 60 10.1186/1472-6963-5-60
21. K Obermann MR Jowett MO Alcantara, et al. 2006 Social health insurance in a developing country: the case of the Philippines Soc. Sci. Med. 62 3177 3185 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.047
22. A Wagstaff E van Doorslaer 2003 Catastrophe and impoverishment in paying for health care: with applications to Vietnam 1993-1998 Health Econ. 12 921 934 10.1002/hec.776
23. S Limwattananon V Tangcharoensathien P Prakongsai 2007 Catastrophic and poverty impacts of health payments: results from national household surveys in Thailand Bull. World Health Organ. 85 600 606 10.2471/BLT.06.033720
24. SSA: Sistema de Protección Social en Salud. Vols. 1-3. Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Gobierno de México., México, D.F., México (2006)
25. SSA: Catálogo Universal de Servicios de Salud 2008. Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Gobierno de México. http://www.seguro-popular.salud.gob.mx/contenidos/menu-beneficios/ beneficios-doc-ref.html. Accessed 17 January 2008
26. SPSS: Sistema de Protección Social en Salud (SPSS): Informe de Resultados 2007. 1-104, Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Gobierno de México (2008)
27. SSA: Frequently Asked Questions about Seguro Popular. Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Gobierno de México. http://www.seguro-popular.gob.mx/ contenido.php?sccpmr-id=11. Accessed 17 February 2009
28. DOF: Decreto de Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2009: De la Asignación de Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación (ed 28 November). 1-78, Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF), Gobierno de México (2008)
29. CNPSS: Seguro Popular: Cobertura. Comisión Nacional de Protección Social en Salud (CNPSS), Secretaría de Salud, Gobierno de México. http://www.seguro-popular.salud.gob.mx/contenidos/cobertura. html. Accessed 14 December 2007
30. M Jowett P Contoyannis ND Vinh 2003 The impact of public voluntary health insurance on private health expenditures in Vietnam Soc. Sci. Med. 56 333 342 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00031-X
31. M Jowett A Deolalikar P Martinsson 2004 Health insurance and treatment seeking behaviour: evidence from a low-income country Health Econ. 13 845 857 10.1002/hec.862
32. A Wagstaff S Yu 2007 Do health sector reforms have their intended impacts? The World Bank's Health VIII project in Gansu province, China J. Health Econ. 26 505 535 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.10.006
33. SSA: Seguro Popular: Encuesta de Evaluación de Impacto. Dirección General de Evaluación del Desempeño: Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Gobierno de México http://www.salud. gob.mx/unidades/evaluacion/seguropopular/seguropopular.htm. Accessed 20 January 2008
34. INSP: Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT). Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP). http://www.insp.mx/ensanut/. Accessed 5 October 2007
35. G King E Gakidou N Ravishankar, et al. 2007 A "politically robust" experimental design for public policy evaluation, with application to the Mexican universal health insurance program J. Policy Anal. Manage. 26 479 506 10.1002/pam.20279
36. JJ Heckman 1978 Dummy endogenous variables in a simultaneous equation system Econometrica 46 931 959 10.2307/1909757
37. JJ Heckman TE MaCurdy 1985 A simultaneous equations linear probability model Can. J. Econ. 18 28 37 10.2307/135111
38. Greene, W.H.: Econometric analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2003)
39. Maddala, G.S.: Econometric methods and applications. E. Elgar, Brookfield (1994)
40. Wooldridge, J.M.: Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. MIT Press, Cambridge (2002)
41. Xu, K., Klavus, J., Kawabata, K.: Household health system contributions and capacity to pay: definitional, empirical and technical challenges. In: Murray, C., Evans, D., et al. (eds.) Health system performance assessment: debates, methods and empiricism, pp. 533-563. World Health Organization, Geneva (2003)
42. Murray, C., Knaul, F., Xu, K., et al.: Defining and measuring fairness of financial contribution, Global Programme on Evidence Working Paper No. 24. World Health Organization, Geneva (2000)
43. Verbeek, M.: A guide to modern econometrics, 3rd edn. Wiley, Chichester (2008)
44. JV Terza A Basu PJ Rathouz 2008 Two-stage residual inclusion estimation: addressing endogeneity in health econometric modeling J. Health Econ. 27 531 543 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.09.009
45. K Kawabata K Xu G Carrin 2002 Preventing impoverishment through protection against catastrophic health expenditure Bull. World Health Organ. 80 612
46. M Makinen H Waters M Rauch, et al. 2000 Inequalities in health care use and expenditures: empirical data from eight developing countries and countries in transition Bull. World Health Organ. 78 55 65
47. DJ McKenzie 2004 Measuring inequality with asset indicators J. Popul. Econ. 18 229 260 10.1007/s00148-005-0224-7
48. CONAPO: Índice de marginación a nivel localidad, 2005 Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO). http://www.conapo.gob.mx/ publicaciones/indice2005xloc.htm. Accessed 14 January 2008
49. A Sepehri S Sarma W Simpson 2006 Does non-profit health insurance reduce financial burden? Evidence from the Vietnam Living Standards Survey Panel Health Econ. 15 603 616 10.1002/hec.1080
50. AJ Trujillo JE Portillo JA Vernon 2005 The impact of subsidized health insurance for the poor: evaluating the Colombian experience using propensity score matching Int. J. Health Care Finance Econ. 5 211 239 10.1007/s10754-005- 1792-5
51. SG Sosa-Rubí O Galárraga JE Harris 2009 Heterogeneous impact of the "Seguro Popular" program on the utilization of obstetrical services in Mexico, 2001-2006: a multinomial probit model with a discrete endogenous variable J. Health Econ. 28 20 34 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008. 08.002
52. INEGI: Conteo de población y vivienda 2005 Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI). http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx?s=est&c=10215. Accessed 12 January 2008
53. JD Angrist GW Imbens DB Rubin 1996 Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 91 444 455 10.2307/2291629
54. JD Angrist AB Krueger 2001 Instrumental variables and the search for identification: from supply and demand to natural experiments J. Econ. Perspect. 15 69 85 10.1257/jep.15.4.69
55. JJ Heckman 1997 Instrumental variables: a study of implicit behavioral assumptions used in making program evaluations J. Hum. Resour. 32 441 462 10.2307/146178
56. HR Waters 1999 Measuring the impact of health insurance with a correction for selection bias-a case study of Ecuador Health Econ. 8 473 483 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199908)8:5<473:AID-HEC453>3.0.CO;2-C
57. StataCorp: Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. StataCorp LP, College Station (2005)
58. Baum C.F., Schaffer M.E., Stillman S.: IVREG2: STATA Module for Extended Instrumental Variables/2SLS, GMM and AC/HAC, LIML and K-class Regression. http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s425401.html. Accessed 7 October
59. JJ Heckman 1996 Randomization as an Instrumental Variable: notes Rev Econ Stat 78 336 341 10.2307/2109936
60. Little R.J., Long Q., Lin X.: A comparison of methods for estimating the causal effect of a treatment in randomized clinical trials subject to noncompliance. Biometrics 65, 640-649 (2009)
61. King G., Gakidou E., Imai K., et al.: Public policy for the poor? A randomised assessment of the Mexican universal health insurance programme. Lancet 373, 1447-1454 (2009)
62. M Pradhan N Prescott 2002 Social risk management options for medical care in Indonesia Health Econ. 11 431 446 10.1002/hec.689
63. Hatt, L.E.: Measuring Risk Factors for Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Peru, and their Effects on Families over Time. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of International Health 281, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (2006)