Cognitive dissonance and the role of self in high altitude mountaineering: An analysis of six published autobiographies

Life Writing

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 329-347

  Burke, Shaunna M ^a   Sparkes, Andrew C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Autobiography; Cognitive dissonance; High altitude mountaineering; Self

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956352366     PISSN: 14484528     EISSN: 17512964     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14484520903082942     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Aronson, Elliot. ‘ Dissonance theory:Progress and problems.’ Theories of cognitive consistency:A sourcebook. R. P., Abelson, E., Aronson, W. J., McGuire, T. M., Newcomb, M. J., Rosenburg, P. H., Tannenbaum. Chicago:Rand McNally, 1968. 5 27.
2. Aronson, Elliot. ‘ The theory of cognitive dissonance:A current perspective.’ Advances in experimental social psychology. L., Berkowitz. 4. New York:Academic Press, 1969. 1 34.
3. Aronson, Elliot. ‘ The rationalizing animal.’ Psychology Today May 1973:46 51.
4. Aronson, Elliot. 1992. The return of the repressed:Dissonance theory makes a comeback. Psychological Inquiry, 3.3:303–311.
5. Aronson, Elliot. ‘ Dissonance, hypocrisy, and the self-concept.’ Cognitive dissonance:Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. E., Harmon-Jones J., Mills. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association, 1999. 103 126.
6. Aronson, Elliot, and Carlsmith, Merrill J., 1962. Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65:178–182.
7. Aronson, Joshua, Cohen, Geoffrey, Nail, Paul R. ‘ Self affirmation theory:An update and appraisal.’ Cognitive dissonance:Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. E., Harmon-Jones J., Mills. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association, 1999. 103 126.
8. Beauvois, Jean-Leon, Joule, Robert-Vincent. A radical dissonance theory. London:Taylor & Francis, 1996.
9. Beauvois, Jean-Leon, Joule, Robert-Vincent. ‘ A radical point of view on dissonance theory.’ Cognitive dissonance:Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. E., Harmon-Jones J., Mills. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association, 1999. 103 126.
10. Breivik, Gunnar. ‘ Personality, sensation seeking and risk taking among Everest climbers.’ International Journal of Sport Psychology 27 1996:308 320.
11. Bruner, Jerome. Actual minds, possible worlds. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1986.
12. Bruner, Jerome. Making sense:Law, literature, life. New York:Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 2002.
13. Burke, Shaunna M. Orlick, Terry. ‘ Mental strategies of elite high-altitude climbers:Overcoming adversity on Mount Everest.’ Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments 7.2 2003:15 22.
14. Bjorklund, Diane. Interpreting the self. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1998.
15. Cooper, Joel. ‘ Unwanted consequences and the self:In search of the motivation for dissonance reduction.’ Cognitive dissonance:Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. E. Harmon-Jones J. Mills. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association, 1999. 103 126.
16. Cooper, Joel, Fazio, Russell H. ‘ A new look at dissonance theory.’ Advances in experimental social psychology. L. Berkowitz. 17. Orlando, FL:Academic Press, 1984. 229 264.
17. Devine, Patricia G., Tauer, John M., Barron, Kenneth E., Elliot, Andrew J. Vance, Kristen M. ‘ Moving beyond attitude change in the study of dissonance-related processes.’ Cognitive dissonance:Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology E. Harmon-Jones J. Mills. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association, 1999. 297 323.
18. Elliot, Andrew J. Devine, Patricia G. ‘ On the motivational significance of cognitive dissonance:Dissonance as psychological discomfort.’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 1994:382 394.
19. Elmes, Michael, Barry, Daved. ‘ Deliverance, denial, and the death zone.’ The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 35.2 1999:163 187.
20. Festinger, Leon. A Theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press, 1957.
21. Festinger, Leon, Riecken, Henry W. Schachter, Stanley. When prophecy fails. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1956.
22. Fried, Carrie B. Aronson, Elliot. ‘ Hypocrisy, misattribution, and dissonance reduction.’ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21.9 1995:925 933.
23. Gammelgaard, Lene. Climbing high:A women's account of surviving the Everest tragedy. New York:Harper Collins, 1996.
24. Gilbert, Daniel, Fiske, Susan, Lindzey, Gardner. The Handbook of social psychology, 4th ed. 1 New York:McGraw Hill, 1998.
25. Glaser, Barney, Strauss, Aslem. The discovery of grounded theory. Aldine:Chicago, 1967.
26. Hardy, Lew, Whitehead, Roger. ‘ Specific modes of anxiety and arousal.’ Current Psychological Research & Reviews 3.3 1984:14 24.
27. Harmon-Jones, Eddie. ‘ A cognitive dissonance theory perspective on the role of emotion in the maintenance and change of beliefs and attitudes.’ The effects of emotions upon the formation and strength of beliefs N. H., Frijda, A. R. S., Manstead, S., Bem. Cambridge, MA:Cambridge University Press, 2000. 185 211.
28. Harmon-Jones, Eddie, Mills, Judson. ‘ An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspective on the theory.’ Cognitive dissonance:Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. E., Harmon-Jones J., Mills. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association, 1999. 3 21.
29. Harris, Dorothy V, Assessment of motivation in sport and physical education Sport psychology:An analysis of athlete behavior. S. F. William. Ithaca, NY:Mouvement Publications, 1980.
30. Holloway, Immy. Basic concepts for qualitative research. Oxford:Blackwells, 1997.
31. Krakauer, Jon. Into thin air. New York:Anchor Books, 1997.
32. Lester, J. T., 2004. Spirit, identity and self in mountaineering. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 44:86–100.
33. Lester, J. T., 1983. Wrestling with the self on Mount Everest. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 23:31–41.
34. Lifton, Robert J. The Nazi doctors:Medical killings and the psychology of genocide. New York:Basic Books, 1986.
35. LeCompte, Margaret, Preissle, Judith. Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research. Chicago:Academic Press, 1993.
36. Maykut, Pamela, Morehouse, Richard. Beginning qualitative research. London:Falmer Press, 1994.
37. Mead, George H. Mind, self, and Society. London:University of Chicago Press, 1962.
38. Messner, Reinhold. The naked mountain. Seattle, WA:Mountaineers Books, 2003.
39. Nicolas, M, Thullier-Lestienne, F., Bouquet, C., Gardette, B., Gortan, C., Richalet, J-P., and Abraini, J. H., 2000. A study of mood changes and personality during a 31-day period of chronic hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber. Psychological Reports, 86.1:119–126.
40. Norgay, Tenzing J. Coburn, Broughton. Touching my father's soul:A Sherpa's journey to the top of Everest. New York:Harper San Francisco, 2001.
41. Ogrodick, Margaret. Instinct and intimacy:Political philosophy and autobiography in Rousseau. Toronto, ON:University of Toronto Press, 1999.
42. Powell, C., 2007. The perception of risk and risk taking behavior:Implications for incident prevention strategies. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 18:10–15.
43. Reeve, Johnmarshall. Understanding motivation and emotion. Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
44. Riessman, Catherine K. ‘ Analysis of personal narratives.’ Handbook of interview research. J., Gubrium, J., Holstein. London:Sage, 2002. 695 710.
45. Roberts, Brian. Biographical research. Philadelphia:Open University Press, 2002.
46. Rossi, B., and Cereatti, L., 1993. The sensation seeking in mountain athletes as assessed by Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24:417–431.
47. Ryn, Z., 1988. Psychopathology in mountaineering:Mental disturbances under high-altitude stress. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 9:163–169.
48. Shavelson, Richard J., Hubner, Judith J. Stanton, George C. ‘ Self-concept:Validation of construct interpretations.’ Review of Educational Research 46 1976:407 441.
49. Sparkes, Andrew. ‘ Reflections on the socially constructed physical self.’ The physical self:From motivation to well-being. F. R. Fox. Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics, 1997. 83 110.
50. Sparkes, Andrew. ‘ Narrative analysis:Exploring the whats and hows of personal stories.’ Qualitative Research in Health Care. M., Holloway. Milton Keynes, UK:Open University Press, 2005. 91 209.
51. Steele, Claude M. ‘ The psychology of self-affirmation:Sustaining the integrity of the self.’ Advances in experimental social psychology. L., Berkowitz. San Diego, CA:Academic Press, 1988. 21:261 302.
52. Thibodeau, Ruth, Aronson, Elliot. ‘ Taking a closer look:Reasserting the role of the self-concept in dissonance theory.’ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18 1992:591 602.
53. Wickwire, Jim, Bullitt, Dorothy. Addicted to danger:A memoir about affirming life in the face of death. New York:Pocket Books, 1998.
54. Vingerhoets, Ad, Buunk, Bram. ‘ Attitudes toward nudist and public beaches:Some evidence of dissonance reduction and gender differences.’ Journal of Leisure Research 19.1 1987:13 21.
55. Zuckerman, Miron. Sensation-seeking:Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum, 1979.