Narcophobia: Drugs prohibition and the generation of human rights abuses

Trends in Organized Crime

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 60-74

  Mena, Fernanda ^a   Hobbs, Dick ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956346455     PISSN: 10844791     EISSN: 19364830     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12117-009-9087-8     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Adorno S (1990) Violencia urbana, justica criminal e organização social do crime, (urban violence, criminal justice and crime social organization). Núcleo de Estudos da Violência (USP), São Paulo.
2. Adorno S, Pazinato W (2009) Estudo da impunidade penal no município de São Paulo, 1991-1997 (Study on legal impunity in São Paulo 1991-1997). São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo.
3. Bancroft A (2009) Drugs, intoxication and society. Polity, Cambridge.
4. Barrett D, Nowak M (2009) The United Nations and drug policy: towards a human rights-based approach. In: Constantinides A, Zaikos N (eds) The diversity of international law: essay in honour of professor Kalliopi Koufa, Martinus Nijhoff, pp 449-477.
5. Beato C, Assuncao R (2000) Homicide clusters and drug traffic in Belo Horizonte from 1995 to 1999. Anais da 24 Reuniao da ANPOCS, Sao Paulo.
6. Bennett W (1991) The plea to legalize drugs is a siren call to surrender. In: Lyman M, Potter G (eds) Drugs in society. Anderson, Cincinatti.
7. Best J (1989) Images of issues: typifying contemporary social issues. De Gruyter, New York.
8. Bewley-Taylor D (1999) The United States and International Drug Control, 1909-1997, London.
9. Bewley-Taylor D (2003) Challenging the UN drug control concentions: Problems and possibilities. Int J Drug Pol 14: 171-179.
10. Bewley-Taylor D (2005) Emerging policy contradictions between the United Nations drug control system and the core values of the United Nations. Int J Drug Pol 16: 423-431.
11. Bullington B (1993) All about eve: the many faces of United States drug policy. In: Pearce F, Woodiwiss M (eds) Global crime connections. University of Toronto, Toronto, pp 32-71.
12. Chatterjee SK (1981) Legal aspects of international drug control. Nijhoff, The Hague.
13. Chinkin C (1998) International law and human rights. In: Evans T (ed) Human rights 50 years on: a reppraisal. Manchester University, Manchester, pp 105-129.
14. Cohen S (2001) States of denial: knowing about atrocities and suffering. Polity, Cambridge.
15. Cohen P, Reinarman C, Kaal H (2004) The limited relevance of drug policy: cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco. Am J Public Health 94(5): 836-842.
16. Dikotter F (2003) Patient zero': China and the myth of the opium plague. School of oriental and African studies (SOAS), http://web. mac. com/dikotter.
17. Dowdney L (2003) Children of the drug trade: a case study of children in organised armed violence in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 7 Letras.
18. Elwood W (1994) Rhetoric in the war on drugs: the triumphs and tragedies of public relations. Praeger, Westport.
19. Friedman M (1989) An open letter to Bill Bennett. Wall Street Journal, September 7.
20. Friman H (1991) The United States, Japan, and the international drug trade: troubled partnership. Asian Surv 31(9): 875-890.
21. Greenwald G (2009) Drug decriminalization in Portugal: lessons for creating fair and successful drug policies. Cato, Washington.
22. Hanes WF, Sanello F (2002) Opium wars: the addiction of one empire and the corruption of another. Sourcebooks, Chicago.
23. Hawdon J (2001) The role of presidential rhetoric in the creation of a moral panic: Reagan, Bush and the war on drugs. Deviant Behav 22: 419-445.
24. Hobbs D (forthcoming) Populating the underworld. Polity, Cambridge.
25. Huntington S (1991) The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma, Norman.
26. Iulianelli JAS (2004) Rural Brazil: cannabis and violence. Drugs and Conflict No. 11.
27. Johns CJ (1992) Power, ideology and the war on drugs: nothing succeeds like failure. Praeger, New York.
28. Ledebur K (2005) Bolivia: clear consequences. In: Youngers CA, Rosin E (eds) Drugs and democracy in Latin America: the impact of US policy. Rienner, Boulder, pp 143-184.
29. Levine HG (2003) Global drug prohibition: its uses and crises. Int J Drug Pol 14: 145-153.
30. Mcallister W (2000) Drug diplomacy in the twentieth century: an international history. Routledge, London.
31. Mena F (2009) From commodities to evildoers: moral discourses towards drugs trade, prohibition and war. LSE. Department of Sociology, London.
32. Miron JA (2004) Drug war crime. Independent, Washington.
33. Musto DF (1987) The American disease: origins of narcotic control. Oxford University, Oxford.
34. Nadelmann E (1990) Global prohibition regimes: the evolution of norms in international society. Int Organ 44(4): 479-526.
35. Paes de Barros R, Henrique R, Mendonça R (2001) A estabilidade inaceitável: desigualdade e pobreza no Brasil. Texto para Discussão, n. 800. Rio de Janeiro: IPEA.
36. Picketing M (2001) Stereotyping and politics of representation. Macmillan, Houndmills.
37. Ramos S (2009) Meninos do Rio: Jovens, violência armada e polícia nas favelas cariocas. UNICEF.
38. Reinarman C (1979) Moral entrepreneurs and political economy: historical and ethnographic notes on the construction of the cocaine menace. Contemp Crises 3: 225-254.
39. Said E (1978) Orientalism. Penguin, London.
40. Silverstone R (2006) Media and morality: on the rise of the Mediapolis. Polity, Cambridge.
41. Soares LE, Se JTS, Rodrigues JAS, Piquet Carneiro L (1996) Violência e política no Rio de Janeiro (violence and politics in Rio de Janeiro). Relume Dumara, Rio de Janeiro.
42. Sweig J (2002) What kind of war for Colombia? Foreign Aff 81: 122-141.
43. Taylor AH (1969) American diplomacy and the narcotics traffic, 1900-1939: a study in international humanitarian reform. Duke University, Durham.
44. Willoughby W (1976) Opium as an international problem. John Hopkins, Baltimore.
45. Wilson JQ (1990) Against the legalization of drugs. Commentary 89(2): 21-28.
46. Woodiwiss M (1988) Crime, crusades and corruption: prohibitions in the United States, 1900-1987. Pinter, London.
47. Woodiwiss M (1993) Crime's global reach. In: Pearce F, Woodiwiss M (eds) Global crime connections. University of Toronto, Toronto, pp 1-32.
48. Woodiwiss M, Bewley-Taylor D (2005) The global fix: the construction of a global enforcement regime. Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, available at http://www. tni. org/detail_pub. phtml?&know_id=68.
49. Woodiwiss M, Hobbs D (2009) Organized evil and the atlantic alliance. Br J Criminol 49(1): 106-128.
50. Youngers CA, Rosin E (2005) Drugs and democracy in Latin America: the impact of US policy. Rienner, Boulder.
51. Zaluar A (2001) Violence in Rio de Janeiro: styles of leisure, drug use and trafficking. Int Soc Sci J 63(169): 369-378.
52. AI (Amnesty International) (2005) They come in shooting: policing socially excluded communities', available online at: http://www. amnesty. org/en/library/info/AMR19/025/2005.
53. AI (Amnesty International) (2008) Amnesty international report 2008, available at: http://archive. amnesty. org/air2008/eng/Homepage. html.
54. Annan K (2005) In larger freedom: toward development, security and human rights for all. United Nations, New York Report of the Secretary-General, document A/59/2005.
55. Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme (2008) Recalibrating the regime: the need for a human rights based approach to international drug policy. Report No. 13, available online at: http://www. beckleyfoundation. org/pdf/report_13. pdf.
56. Brazilian Information Centre for Psychotropic Use (2005) II home survey on the use of psychotropic use in Brazil 2005. Federal University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo.
57. Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971) 32 U. S. T. 543, T. I. A. S. 9725, 1019 U. N. T. S. 17.
58. Convention Against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988) U. N. Doc. E/CONF. 82/15.
59. Favela Watch (Observatorio de Favelas) (2006) The journey of children, teenagers and young adults in retail drug trafficking in Rio de Janeiro: 2004-2006. Available online at: http://www. observatoriodefavelas. org. br.
60. Human Rights Watch (1996) Fighting violence with violence: human rights abuses and criminality in Rio de Janeiro. Hum Rights Watch/Am 8(2): 1-29.
61. Human Rights Watch (2009) World report 2009. Human Rights Watch, New York.
62. ICESC (International Covenant for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) (1966) General assembly resolution A/RES/21/2200 A.
63. Latin American Commission on Drugs and Democracy (2009) Towards a paradigm shift, available online at: http://www. drogasedemocracia. org/Arquivos/declaracao_ingles_site. pdf.
64. Nowak M (2008) Report of the special rapporteur on torture and other cruel. Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment', UN Doc. No. A/HRC/7/3/Add. 7, 10 March 2008.
65. OHCHR (2004) The global compact and human rights: understanding the sphere of influence and complicity. OHCHR briefing paper. December 2004, available online at: http://www. unglobalcompact. org/docs/issues_doc/human_rights/Resources/OHCHR_briefing_paper_Dec_04. pdf.
66. Phillips T (2007) Blood on the streets as drug gang and police fight for control of Rio favelas. The Guardian, June 27.
67. Phillips T (2009) Twelve dead and helicopter downed as Rio de Janeiro drug gangs go to war. The Guardian, October 17.
68. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) March 30, 1961, 520 U. N. T. S. 204.
69. The Times (1902) The primate on the opium traffic. October 9th, p. 5.
70. The Times (1922) Cocaine. April 25th, p. 13.
71. The Times (1922) Cocaine debauchery. May 1st, p. 19.
72. Transnational Institute (2008) Rewriting history: a response to the 2008 world drug report. Drug policy briefing No 26, available online at: http://www. tni. org/detail_page. phtml?act_id=18438.
73. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2008) Global trends 2008. Available online at: http://www. unhcr. org.
74. UNODC (2008) Making drug control fit for purpose: building on the UNGASS decade. UN Doc. No. E/CN. 7/2008/CRP. 17.
75. UNODC (2009) World drug report 2009. UNODC, Vienna.
76. Waisenlfisz JJ (2008) Mapa da Violência: os Jovens da América Latina 2008. Unesco Brasil.
77. Williams EH (1914) Negro cocaine 'fiends' are a new southern menace. The New York Times. February 8th.