Does perspective-taking increase patient satisfaction in medical encounters?

Academic Medicine

Volumn 85, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1445-1452

  Blatt, Benjamin ^a   Lelacheur, Susan F ^a   Galinsky, Adam D ^b   Simmens, Samuel J ^a   Greenberg, Larrie ^a  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CURRICULUM; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; EDUCATION; EMPATHY; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL STUDENT; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; COMMUNICATION; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE; EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT; EMPATHY; HUMANS; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; STUDENTS, MEDICAL;

EID: 77956329191     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181eae5ec     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Stewart MA, Stewart MA. Effective physician-patient communication and health outcomes: A review. CMAJ. 1995;152:1423-1433.
2. DiMatteo MR, Sherbourne CD, Hays RD, et al. Physicians' characteristics influence patients' adherence to medical treatment: Results from the medical outcomes study. Health Psychol. 1993;12:93-102.
3. Roter DL, Hall JA, Kern DE, et al. Improving physicians' interviewing skills and reducing patients' emotional distress. A randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1877-1884.
4. Beach MC, Rosner M, Cooper LA, Duggan PS. Can patient-centered attitudes reduce racial and ethnic disparities in care? Acad Med. 2007;82:193-198.
5. Barclay JS, Blackhall LJ, Tulsky JA. Communication strategies and cultural issues in the delivery of bad news. J Palliat Med. 2007;10:958-977.
6. Stewart M, Meredith L, Brown JB, Galajda J. The influence of older patient-physician communication on health and health-related outcomes. Clin Geriatr Med. 2000;16:25-36.
7. Batson CD, Fultz J, Schoenrade PA. Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. J Pers. 1987;55: 19-39.
8. Levinson W, Levinson W. In context: Physician-patient communication and managed care. J Med Pract Manage. 1999;14: 226-230.
9. Hojat M. Empathy in Patient Care: Antecedents, Development, Measurement, and Outcomes. New York, NY: Springer- Verlag New York, Inc.; 2006.
10. Batson C, Elklund JH, Chermok VL, Hoyt JL, Ortiz BG. An additional antecedent of empathic concern: Valuing the welfare of the person in need. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;93: 65-74.
11. Galinsky AD, Ku G, Galinsky AD, Ku G. The effects of perspective-taking on prejudice: The moderating role of self-evaluation. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004;30:594-604.
12. Galinsky AD, Moskowitz GB. Perspectivetaking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;78:708-724.
13. Vescio TK, Sechrist GB, Paolucci MP. Perspective taking and prejudice reduction: The mediational role of empathy arousal and situational attributions. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2003;33:455-472.
14. Epley N, Caruso E, Bazerman MH. When perspective taking increases taking: Reactive egoism in social interaction. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006;91:872-889.
15. Richardson DR, Green LR, Lago T. The relationship between perspective-taking and nonaggressive responding in the face of an attack. J Pers. 1998;66:235-256.
16. Galinsky AD, Leonardelli GJ, Okhuysen GA, et al. Regulatory focus at the bargaining table: Promoting distributive and integrative success. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2005;31:1087-1098.
17. Batson CD, Polycarpou MP, Harmon-Jones E, et al. Empathy and attitudes: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group? J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997;72:105-118.
18. Galinsky A. Perspective-Taking: Debiasing Social Thought (Stereotyping). USA: Princeton University; 1999.
19. Ruby P, Decety J. How would you feel versus how do you think she would feel? A neuroimaging study of perspective-taking with social emotions. J Cogn Neurosci. 2004; 16:988-999.
20. Wilkes M, Milgrom E, Hoffman JR, Wilkes M, Milgrom E, Hoffman JR. Towards more empathic medical students: A medical student hospitalization experience. Med Educ. 2002;36:528-533.
21. Kauss DR, Robbins AS, Abrass I, et al. The long-term effectiveness of interpersonal skills training in medical schools. J Med Educ. 1980;55:595-601.
22. Kremer JF, Dietzen LL. Two approaches to teaching accurate empathy to undergraduates: Teacher-intensive and selfdirected. J Coll Stud Dev. 1991;32:69-75.
23. Yedidia MJ, Gillespie CC, Kachur E, et al. Effect of communications training on medical student performance. JAMA. 2003; 290;1157-1165.
24. Colliver JA, Robbs RS, Vu NV. Effects of using two or more standardized patients to simulate the same case on case means and case failure rates. Acad Med. 1991;66:616-618.
25. Vu NV, Marcy ML, Verhulst SJ, Barrows HS. Generalizability of standardized patients' satisfaction ratings of their clinical encounter with fourth-year medical students. Acad Med. 1990;65(9 suppl):S29-S30.
26. Vu NV, Steward DE, Marcy M. An assessment of the consistency and accuracy of standardized patients' simulations. J Med Educ. 1987;62:1000-1002.
27. Boulet JR, McKinley DW, Whelan GP, et al. Quality assurance methods for performancebased assessments. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2003;8:27-47.
28. Whelan GP, McKinley DW, Boulet JR, Macrae J, Kamholz S. Validation of the doctor-patient communication component of the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates Clinical Skills Assessment. Med Educ. 2001;35:757-761.
29. Smedley B, Stith A, Nelson A. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2003.
30. SAS. SAS/STAT 9.1 User's Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 2004.
31. USMLE Step 2 CS Content Description and General Information Booklet: United States Medical Licensing Examination, 2009. Available at: http://www.usmle.org/Examinations/step2/ step2cs-content.html. Accessed February 5, 2009. No longer available.
32. Whelan GP, Boulet JR, McKinley DW, et al. Scoring standardized patient examinations: Lessons learned from the development and administration of theECFMGclinical skills assessment (CSA). Med Teach. 2005;27:200-206.
33. van Zanten M, Boulet J, McKinley D. Using standardized patients to assess interpersonal skills of physicians: Six years experience with a high stakes certification examination. Health Commun. 2007;22:195-205.
34. Lang F, McCord R, Harvill L, et al. Communication assessment using the common ground instrument: Psychometric properties. Fam Med. 2004;36:189-198.
35. Davis MH. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983;44:113-126.
36. Davis M. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology. 1980;10:85.
37. Davis MH. The effects of dispositional empathy on emotional reactions and helping: A multidimensional approach. J Pers. 1983; 51:167-186.
38. Galinsky AD, Wang CS, Ku G, Galinsky AD, Wang CS, Ku G. Perspective-takers behave more stereotypically. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008;95:404-419.
39. Galinsky AD, Maddux WW, Gilin D, et al. Why it pays to get inside the head of your opponent: The differential effects of perspective taking and empathy in negotiations. Psychol Sci. 2008;19:378-384.
40. Galinsky AD, Magee JC, Inesi M, Gruenfeld DH. Power and perspectives not taken. Psychol Sci. 2006;17:1068-1074.
41. Windsor R, Clark N, Boyd R, Goodman R. Introduction to evaluation; measurement in evaluation; process evaluation; formative & impact evaluation; cost evaluation; planning and evaluation; qualitative evaluation. In: Evaluation of Health Promotion-Health Education-Disease Prevention Programs. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004.
42. Kaplan S, Greenfield S, Ware J. Assessing the effects of physician-patient interactions on the outcomes of chronic disease. Med Care. 1989;275:5110-5127.
43. Kovac JA, Patel SS, Peterson RA, et al. Patient satisfaction with care and behavioral compliance in end-stage renal disease patients treated with hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:1236-1244.
44. Wroth TH, Pathman DE. Primary medication adherence in a rural population: The role of the patient-physician relationship and satisfaction with care. J Am Board Fam Med. 2006;19:478-486.
45. Schneider J, Kaplan SH, Greenfield S, et al. Better physician-patient relationships are associated with higher reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:1096-1103.
46. Rosenthal R, Rosnow RL, Rubin DB. Contrasts and Effect Sizes in Behavioral Research: A Correlational Approach. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2000.
47. Smith ML, Glass GV. Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. Am Psychol. 1977;32:752-760.
48. Smedley B, Stith A, Nelson A. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2002.