Estimation of mean annual effective dose through radon concentration in the water and indoor air of Islamabad and Murree

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

Volumn 141, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 183-191

  Ali, N ^a,b   Khan, E U ^c   Akhter, P ^b   Khan, F ^d   Waheed, A ^d  

^a PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES   (Pakistan)

^b PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Pakistan)

^c INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^d CIIT ^*  (Pakistan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RADON; WATER;

AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; PAKISTAN; RADIATION MONITORING; WATER POLLUTANT;

AIR POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; PAKISTAN; RADIATION MONITORING; RADON; WATER; WATER POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE;

EID: 77956285792     PISSN: 01448420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq160     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Taneer, A. B. Radon migration in the ground, a review, the natural radiation environment. In: Symposium Proceedings (Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press) (1964).
2. Taneer, A. B. Radon migration in the ground, a supplementary review. In Proceedings of the Natural Radiation Environment III (Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service) pp. 5-56 (1980).
3. Liu, S. C., McAfee, J. R. and Cicerone, R. J. Radon-222 and tropospheric vertical transport. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 7291-7299 (1984).
4. Kritz, M. A., Le Roulley, J. and Danielsen, E. F. China Cipper-Fast advective transport of radon--rich air from the Asian boundary layer to the upper troposphere near California. Tellus Series B 42, pp. 46-61 (1990).
5. Samuelson, C. Rn-222 and decay products in outdoor and indoor environments; Assessment techniques applied to exhalation, air cleaning and arctic air, Doctoral dissertation (1994).
6. Al-Masri, M. S. and Blackburn, R. Radon-222 and related activities in surface waters of the English Lake District. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 50, 1137-1143 (1999).
7. Loomis, D. P. Radon-222 concentration and aquifer lithology in North Carolina. Ground water Mon. Rev. 7, 33-39 (1987).
8. Akerblom, G. and Lindgren, J. Mapping of ground water radon potential. Technical Committee Meeting (Vienna, Austria: IAEA) (1996).
9. Hopke, P. K., et al. Health risks due to radon in drinking water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 921-926 (2000).
10. 222 concentrations of water in the Balaton Highland and in the southern part of Hungary, and the assessment of the resulting dose. Radiat. Meas. 42, 491-495 (2007).
11. Akerblom, G. and Mellander, H. Geology and radon. In: Radon Measurements by Etched Track Detectors. Durrani, S. A. and Ilic, R. Eds. (Singapore: World Scientific) pp. 21-49 (1997).
12. Makofske, W. J. Radon and the Environment (Park Ridge, USA: Noyes Publications) (1988).
13. National Academy of Sciences Report. Risk assessment of radon in drinking water (Washington, D.C: National Academy Press) p. 18 (1999) ISBN 0-309-52474-1.
14. Khan, F., Ali, N., Khan, E. U., Khattak, N. U. and Khan, K. Radon monitoring in water sources of Balakot and Mansehra cities lying on a geological fault line. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 138(2), 174-179 (2010).
15. Hess, C. T., Michael, A. V., Edward, B. L. and James, F. G. Radon transferred from drinking water into house air (Chapter 5 in Cothern and Rebers). In: Radon, radium and uranium in drinking water. LEWIS Publisher, Inc. Michigan (1990).
16. Henschel, D. B. Radon reduction techniques for detached houses. Technical Guidance, second edn. (US. EPA, EPA/625/5-87/019) (last accessed January 1988).
17. Available on www.mhtml:file://I:\Lit2.mht.
18. Richard, C. and Rebers, P. A. Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water (Chelsea, Michigan 48118: Lewis Publishers, Inc.) (1991) ISBN 0-87371-207-2.
19. Nielson, K. K., Rogers, V. C., Rogers, V. and Holt, R. B. The RAETRAD model of radon generation and transport from soils into slab-on grade houses. Health Phys. 67(4), 363-377 (1994).
20. Shah, I. Stratigraphy of Pakistan: geological memoire. Geological Survey of Pakistan 12, 1-138 (1974).
21. US EPA. National primary drinking water regulations; radio nuclides; proposed rules. Federal Regist. 56(138), 33050 (1991).
22. US EPA. Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device Protocols. In: Office of Air and Radiation (6604J) (EPA Publication) 402-R-92-004.
23. Khan, H. A., Qureshi, I. E. and Tufail, M. Passive dosimetry of radon and its daughters using SSNTDs. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 46(3), 149-170 (1993).
24. UNSCEAR. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiations. The General Assembly with Scientific Annex (New York, United Nations) (2000).
25. Vitz, E. Towards a standard method for determining waterborne radon. Health Phys. 60(4), 817-829 (1991).
26. Xinwei, L. Analysis of radon concentration in drinking water in Baoji (China) and the associated health effects. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 121(4), 452-455 (2006).
27. UNSCEAR United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations. Ionizing radiation sources and biological effects. Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annex (New York, United Nations) (1988).
28. UNSCEAR United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations. Ionizing radiation Sources and biological effects. Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annex. (New York, United Nations) (1982).
29. Mäkeläinen, I., Arvela, H. and Voutilainen, A. Correlations between radon concentration and indoor gamma dose rate, soil permeability and dwelling substructure and ventilation. Sci. Total Environ. 272(1-3), 283-289 (2001).
30. Sharman, G. Relative abundance of radon-222 and radon-220 in soil gas in Northamptonshire and a preliminary assessment of indoor radon risk potential. Environ. Geochem. Health 15(2-3), 187-191 (1993).
31. Eatough, J. P. and Henshaw, D. L. Radon dose to the skin and the possible induction of skin cancers. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 39(1-3), 33-37 (1991).
32. Mjones, L. Measurement protocols for radon in dwellings in Sweden. Thirteen years of experience. In: Annual meeting of American Association of Radon Scientists and TechnologistsDenver, CO. (Swedish Radiation Protection Institute, Stockholm: Sweden) (1993).
33. Hopke, P. K. A layman's guide to the indoor radon problem. In radon and its decay products: occurrence. In: Properties and Health Effects Symposium Series. 331 (Washington, DC: American Chemical society) p. 572 (1987).
34. Available on www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/nl/nl24.htm.
35. King, C. Y. and Minissale, A. Seasonal variability of soil-gas radon concentration in central California. Radiat. Meas. 23(4), 683-692 (1994).
36. Mustapha, A. O., Patel, J. P. and Rathore, I. V. S. Preliminary report on radon concentration in drinking water and indoor air in Kenya. Environ. Geochem. Health 24(4), 387-396 (2002).
37. Singh, S., Kumar, A., Bajwa, B. S., Mahajan, S., Kumar, V. and Dhar, S. Radon monitoring in soil gas and ground water for earthquake prediction studies in north west Himalayas, India. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci.
38. Singh, J., Singh, H., Singh, S. and Bajwa, B. S. Measurement of soil gas radon and its correlation with indoor radon around some areas of upper Siwaliks, India. J. Radiol. Prot. 30, 63-71 (2010).
39. Khan, A. J. Estimation of dose rate for indoor radon from building materials. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 33, 81-84 (1994).
40. Faheem, M., Mati, N. and Matiullah. Seasonal variation in indoor radon concentrations in dwellings in six districts of the Punjab province, Pakistan. J. Radiol. Prot. 27(4), 493-500 (2007).
41. Wrixon, A. D. Review, new ICRP recommendations. J. Radiol. Prot. 28, 161-168 (2008).