메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 449-457

The modulation of cortical motor circuits and spinal reflexes using theta burst stimulation in healthy and dystonic subjects

Author keywords

dystonia; Motor; plasticity; premotor; TBS; theta burst stimulation; transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DYSTONIA; HUMAN; MOTOR CORTEX; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NERVE CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROMODULATION; NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPINAL REFLEX; THETA BURST STIMULATION; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

EID: 77956254130     PISSN: 09226028     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-2010-0554     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0029984320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metaplasticity: The plasticity of synaptic plasticity
    • Abraham, W. C. & Bear, M. F. (1996). Metaplasticity: the plasticity of synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci, 19(4), 126-130.
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 126-130
    • Abraham, W.C.1    Bear, M.F.2
  • 2
    • 34548824075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief of primary cervical dystonia symptoms by low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the premotor cortex: Case report
    • Allam, N., Brasil-Neto, J. P., et al. (2007). Relief of primary cervical dystonia symptoms by low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the premotor cortex: case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 65(3A), 697-699.
    • (2007) Arq Neuropsiquiatr , vol.65 , Issue.3 A , pp. 697-699
    • Allam, N.1    Brasil-Neto, J.P.2
  • 3
    • 0025078744 scopus 로고
    • Different voltage-dependent thresholds for inducing long-term depression and long-term potentiation in slices of rat visual cortex
    • Artola, A., Brocher, S., et al. (1990). Different voltage-dependent thresholds for inducing long-term depression and long-term potentiation in slices of rat visual cortex. Nature, 347(6288), 69-72.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , Issue.6288 , pp. 69-72
    • Artola, A.1    Brocher, S.2
  • 4
    • 0021802893 scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex
    • Barker, A. T., Jalinous, R., et al. (1985). Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet, 1(8437), 11061107.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8437 , pp. 11061107
    • Barker, A.T.1    Jalinous, R.2
  • 5
    • 0023247341 scopus 로고
    • Evidence favouring presynaptic inhibition between antagonist muscle afferents in the human forearm
    • Berardelli, A., Day, B. L., et al. (1987). Evidence favouring presynaptic inhibition between antagonist muscle afferents in the human forearm. J Physiol, 391, 71-83.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.391 , pp. 71-83
    • Berardelli, A.1    Day, B.L.2
  • 6
    • 0026432666 scopus 로고
    • Bell-shaped calcium-response curves of Ins(14,5)P3-and calcium-gated channels from endoplasmic reticulum of cerebellum
    • Bezprozvanny, I., Watras, J., et al. (1991). Bell-shaped calcium-response curves of Ins(1,4,5)P3-and calcium-gated channels from endoplasmic reticulum of cerebellum. Nature, 351(6329), 751-754.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , Issue.6329 , pp. 751-754
    • Bezprozvanny, I.1    Watras, J.2
  • 7
    • 60249083952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lasting effects of repeated rTMS application in focal hand dystonia
    • Borich, M., Arora, S., et al. (2009). Lasting effects of repeated rTMS application in focal hand dystonia. Restor Neurol Neurosci, 27(1), 55-65.
    • (2009) Restor Neurol Neurosci , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-65
    • Borich, M.1    Arora, S.2
  • 8
    • 0027988344 scopus 로고
    • Dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews: Clinical characterization of a founder mutation
    • Bressman, S. B., de Leon, D., et al. (1994). Dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews: clinical characterization of a founder mutation. Annals of Neurology, 36(5), 771-777.
    • (1994) Annals of Neurology , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 771-777
    • Bressman, S.B.1    De Leon, D.2
  • 9
    • 0026674199 scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation in the striatum is unmasked by removing the voltage-dependent magnesium block of NMDA receptor channels
    • Calabresi, P., Pisani, A., et al. (1992). Long-term Potentiation in the Striatum is Unmasked by Removing the Voltage-dependent Magnesium Block of NMDA Receptor Channels. Eur J Neurosci, 4(10), 929-935.
    • (1992) Eur J Neurosci , vol.4 , Issue.10 , pp. 929-935
    • Calabresi, P.1    Pisani, A.2
  • 10
    • 0026672833 scopus 로고
    • Theta burst stimulation is optimal for induction of LTP at both apical and basal dendritic synapses on hippocampal CA1 neurons
    • Capocchi, G.,Zampolini, M., etal. (1992). Theta burst stimulation is optimal for induction of LTP at both apical and basal dendritic synapses on hippocampal CA1 neurons. Brain Res, 591(2), 332-336.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.591 , Issue.2 , pp. 332-336
    • Capocchi, G.1    Zampolini, M.2
  • 11
    • 0028927893 scopus 로고
    • Overactive prefrontal and underactive motor cortical areas in idiopathic dystonia
    • Ceballos-Baumann, A. O., Passingham, R. E., et al. (1995). Overactive prefrontal and underactive motor cortical areas in idiopathic dystonia. Annals of Neurology, 37(3), 363-372.
    • (1995) Annals of Neurology , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-372
    • Ceballos-Baumann, A.O.1    Passingham, R.E.2
  • 12
    • 0030946622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Chen, R., Classen, J., et al. (1997). Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology, 48(5), 1398-1403.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 1398-1403
    • Chen, R.1    Classen, J.2
  • 13
    • 0021286864 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal inhibition between the muscles of the human forearm
    • Day, B. L., Marsden, C. D., et al. (1984). Reciprocal inhibition between the muscles of the human forearm. J Physiol, 349, 519-534.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.349 , pp. 519-534
    • Day, B.L.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 14
    • 50049104884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological basis of the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex
    • Di Lazzaro, V., Pilato, F., et al. (2008). The physiological basis of the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Journal of Physiology (London), 586(16), 38713879.
    • (2008) Journal of Physiology (London) , vol.586 , Issue.16 , pp. 38713879
    • Di Lazzaro, V.1    Pilato, F.2
  • 15
    • 21344439600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theta-burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses specific excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex
    • Di Lazzaro, V., Pilato, F., et al. (2005). Theta-burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses specific excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex. Journal of Physiology (London), 565(Pt 3), 945-950.
    • (2005) Journal of Physiology (London) , vol.565 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 945-950
    • Di Lazzaro, V.1    Pilato, F.2
  • 16
    • 0024209486 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of hippocampal primed burst potentiation in vitro and in the awake rat
    • Diamond, D. M., Dunwiddie, T. V., et al. (1988). Characteristics of hippocampal primed burst potentiation in vitro and in the awake rat. J Neurosci, 8(11), 4079-4088.
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , Issue.11 , pp. 4079-4088
    • Diamond, D.M.1    Dunwiddie, T.V.2
  • 17
    • 0036589904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of bilateral prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients with Parkinsons disease: An open study
    • Dragasevic, N., Potrebic, A., et al. (2002). Therapeutic efficacy of bilateral prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients with Parkinsons disease: an open study. Mov Disord, 17(3), 528-532.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 528-532
    • Dragasevic, N.1    Potrebic, A.2
  • 18
    • 33846437442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities in motor cortical plasticity differentiate manifesting and nonmanifesting DYT1 carriers
    • Edwards, M. J., Huang, Y. Z., et al. (2006). Abnormalities in motor cortical plasticity differentiate manifesting and nonmanifesting DYT1 carriers. Mov Disord, 21(12), 2181-2186.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 2181-2186
    • Edwards, M.J.1    Huang, Y.Z.2
  • 19
    • 0142040232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal task-specific dystonia in musicians
    • Frucht, S. J. (2004). Focal task-specific dystonia in musicians. Adv Neurol, 94, 225-230.
    • (2004) Adv Neurol , vol.94 , pp. 225-230
    • Frucht, S.J.1
  • 20
    • 51849089927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression of human corticospinal excitability induced by magnetic theta-burst stimulation: Evidence of rapid polarity-reversing metaplasticity
    • Gentner, R., Wankerl, K., et al. (2008). Depression of human corticospinal excitability induced by magnetic theta-burst stimulation: evidence of rapid polarity-reversing metaplasticity. Cerebral Cortex, 18(9), 2046-2053.
    • (2008) Cerebral Cortex , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 2046-2053
    • Gentner, R.1    Wankerl, K.2
  • 21
    • 0035859837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased corticospinal excitability after subthreshold 1 Hz rTMS over lateral premotor cortex
    • Gerschlager, W., Siebner, H. R., et al. (2001). Decreased corticospinal excitability after subthreshold 1 Hz rTMS over lateral premotor cortex. Neurology, 57(3), 449-455.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 449-455
    • Gerschlager, W.1    Siebner, H.R.2
  • 22
    • 0025837504 scopus 로고
    • Blockade of NMDA receptors unmasks a long-term depression in synaptic efficacy in rat prefrontal neurons in vitro
    • Hirsch, J. C. & Crepel, F. (1991). Blockade of NMDA receptors unmasks a long-term depression in synaptic efficacy in rat prefrontal neurons in vitro. Exp Brain Res, 85(3), 621-624.
    • (1991) Exp Brain Res , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 621-624
    • Hirsch, J.C.1    Crepel, F.2
  • 23
    • 34047108732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent
    • Huang, Y. Z., Chen, R. S., et al. (2007). The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(5), 1028-1032.
    • (2007) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.118 , Issue.5 , pp. 1028-1032
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Chen, R.S.2
  • 25
    • 2342417446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ofthe premotor cortex alters reciprocal inhibition in DYT1 dystonia
    • Huang, Y. Z., Edwards, M. J., et al. (2004). One-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ofthe premotor cortex alters reciprocal inhibition in DYT1 dystonia. Mov Disord, 19(1), 54-59.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-59
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Edwards, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 12344287391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex
    • Huang, Y. Z., Edwards, M. J., et al. (2005). Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron, 45(2), 201-206.
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-206
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Edwards, M.J.2
  • 27
    • 1842507625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of short-duration bursts of high-frequency, low-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation on the human motor cortex
    • Huang, Y. Z. & Rothwell, J. C. (2004). The effect of short-duration bursts of high-frequency, low-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation on the human motor cortex. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115(5), 1069-1075.
    • (2004) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.115 , Issue.5 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 29
    • 39349090420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of physiological activity on an NMDA-dependent form of cortical plasticity in human
    • Huang, Y. Z., Rothwell, J. C., et al. (2008). Effect of physiological activity on an NMDA-dependent form of cortical plasticity in human. Cerebral Cortex, 18(3), 563-570.
    • (2008) Cerebral Cortex , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 563-570
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 30
    • 77951857856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of motor inhibition through an abnormal premotor-motor connection in dystonia
    • Huang, Y. Z., Rothwell, J. C., et al. (2010). Restoration of motor inhibition through an abnormal premotor-motor connection in dystonia. Mov Disord, 25(6), 696-703.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 696-703
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 31
    • 63549100950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of continuous theta burst stimulation over premotor cortex on circuits in primary motor cortex and spinal cord
    • Huang, Y. Z., Rothwell, J. C., et al. (2009). The effect of continuous theta burst stimulation over premotor cortex on circuits in primary motor cortex and spinal cord. Clin Neurophysiol, 120, 796-801.
    • (2009) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.120 , pp. 796-801
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 32
    • 58249135609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus: New methodologies for brain stimulation
    • Huang, Y. Z., Sommer, M., et al. (2009). Consensus: New methodologies for brain stimulation. Brain stimulation, 2(1), 2-13.
    • (2009) Brain Stimulation , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-13
    • Huang, Y.Z.1    Sommer, M.2
  • 33
    • 57349150210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phasic voluntary movements reverse the aftereffects of subsequent theta-burst stimulation in humans
    • Iezzi, E., Conte, A., et al. (2008). Phasic voluntary movements reverse the aftereffects of subsequent theta-burst stimulation in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 100(4), 2070-2076.
    • (2008) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 2070-2076
    • Iezzi, E.1    Conte, A.2
  • 34
    • 0029951451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal cortical motor excitability in dystonia
    • Ikoma, K., Samii, A., et al. (1996). Abnormal cortical motor excitability in dystonia. Neurology, 46(5), 1371-1376.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Ikoma, K.1    Samii, A.2
  • 35
    • 0034747633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can peripheral trauma induce dystonia and other movement disorders? Yes!
    • Jankovic, J. (2001). Can peripheral trauma induce dystonia and other movement disorders? Yes! Mov Disord, 16(1), 7-12.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-12
    • Jankovic, J.1
  • 36
    • 0027367448 scopus 로고
    • Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex
    • Kujirai, T., Caramia, M. D., et al. (1993). Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. J Physiol, 471, 501-519.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.471 , pp. 501-519
    • Kujirai, T.1    Caramia, M.D.2
  • 37
    • 0022483381 scopus 로고
    • Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events
    • Larson, J. & Lynch, G. (1986). Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events. Science, 232(4753), 985-988.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , Issue.4753 , pp. 985-988
    • Larson, J.1    Lynch, G.2
  • 38
    • 0023856872 scopus 로고
    • Role ofN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the induction of synaptic potentiation by burst stimulation patterned after the hippocampal theta-rhythm
    • Larson, J. & Lynch, G. (1988). Role ofN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the induction of synaptic potentiation by burst stimulation patterned after the hippocampal theta-rhythm. Brain Res, 441(1-2), 111-118.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.441 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 111-118
    • Larson, J.1    Lynch, G.2
  • 39
    • 0024365822 scopus 로고
    • Theta pattern stimulation and the induction of LTP: The sequence in which synapses are stimulated determines the degree to which they potentiate
    • Larson, J. & G. Lynch (1989). Theta pattern stimulation and the induction of LTP: the sequence in which synapses are stimulated determines the degree to which they potentiate. Brain Res, 489(1), 49-58.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.489 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-58
    • Larson, J.1    Lynch, G.2
  • 40
    • 0032214513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA induces long-term synaptic depression and dephosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptors in hippocampus
    • Lee, H. K., Kameyama, K., et al. (1998). NMDA induces long-term synaptic depression and dephosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptors in hippocampus. Neuron, 21(5), 1151-1162.
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 1151-1162
    • Lee, H.K.1    Kameyama, K.2
  • 41
    • 6344293750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency repetitive TMS of premotor cortex can reduce painful axial spasms in generalized secondary dystonia: A pilot study of three patients
    • Lefaucheur, J. P., Fenelon, G., et al. (2004). Low-frequency repetitive TMS of premotor cortex can reduce painful axial spasms in generalized secondary dystonia: a pilot study of three patients. Neurophysiol Clin, 34(3-4), 141-145.
    • (2004) Neurophysiol Clin , vol.34 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 141-145
    • Lefaucheur, J.P.1    Fenelon, G.2
  • 42
    • 2342637165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of NMDA receptor subtypes in governing the direction ofhippocampal synaptic plasticity
    • Liu, L., Wong, T. P., et al. (2004). Role of NMDA Receptor Subtypes in Governing the Direction ofHippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Science, 304(5673), 1021-1024.
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , Issue.5673 , pp. 1021-1024
    • Liu, L.1    Wong, T.P.2
  • 43
    • 0038018387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of depression. Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Martin, J. L., Barbanoj, M. J., et al. (2003). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of depression. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry, 182, 480-491.
    • (2003) Br J Psychiatry , vol.182 , pp. 480-491
    • Martin, J.L.1    Barbanoj, M.J.2
  • 44
    • 0028825404 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal motor evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in focal dystonia
    • Mavroudakis, N., Caroyer, J. M., et al. (1995). Abnormal motor evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in focal dystonia. Neurology, 45(9), 1671-1677.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 1671-1677
    • Mavroudakis, N.1    Caroyer, J.M.2
  • 45
    • 0024546063 scopus 로고
    • The "yips": Afocal dystonia of golfers
    • McDaniel, K. D., Cummings, J. L., et al. (1989). The "yips": afocal dystonia of golfers. Neurology, 39(2 Pt 1), 192-195.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 192-195
    • McDaniel, K.D.1    Cummings, J.L.2
  • 46
    • 20444422135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic drugs restore facilitatory premotor-motor interactions in Parkinson disease
    • Mir, P., Matsunaga, K., et al. (2005). Dopaminergic drugs restore facilitatory premotor-motor interactions in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 64(11), 1906-1912.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.11 , pp. 1906-1912
    • Mir, P.1    Matsunaga, K.2
  • 47
    • 8444244959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrete synaptic states define a major mechanism ofsynapse plasticity
    • Montgomery, J. M. & Madison, D. V. (2004). Discrete synaptic states define a major mechanism ofsynapse plasticity. Trends Neurosci, 27(12), 744-750.
    • (2004) Trends Neurosci , vol.27 , Issue.12 , pp. 744-750
    • Montgomery, J.M.1    Madison, D.V.2
  • 48
    • 19944429207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subthreshold low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the premotor cortex modulates writers cramp
    • Murase, N., Rothwell, J. C., et al. (2005). Subthreshold low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the premotor cortex modulates writers cramp. Brain, 128(Pt 1), 104-115.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 104-115
    • Murase, N.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 49
    • 61349198357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency rTMS of the premotor cortex reduces complex movement patterns in a patient with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegenerative disease (PKAN)
    • Mylius, V., Gerstner, A., et al. (2009). Low-frequency rTMS of the premotor cortex reduces complex movement patterns in a patient with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegenerative disease (PKAN). Neurophysiol Clin, 39(1), 27-30.
    • (2009) Neurophysiol Clin , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-30
    • Mylius, V.1    Gerstner, A.2
  • 50
    • 0034175485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic activity modulates the induction of bidirectional synaptic changes in adult mouse hippocampus
    • Ngezahayo, A., Schachner, M., et al. (2000). Synaptic activity modulates the induction of bidirectional synaptic changes in adult mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci, 20(7), 2451-2458.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 2451-2458
    • Ngezahayo, A.1    Schachner, M.2
  • 51
    • 0034735785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium stores regulate the polarity and input specificity ofsynaptic modification
    • Nishiyama, M., Hong, K., et al. (2000). Calcium stores regulate the polarity and input specificity ofsynaptic modification. Nature, 408(6812), 584-588.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , Issue.6812 , pp. 584-588
    • Nishiyama, M.1    Hong, K.2
  • 52
    • 0034666046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation
    • Nitsche, M. A. & Paulus, W. (2000). Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol, 527(Pt 3), 633-639.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.527 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 633-639
    • Nitsche, M.A.1    Paulus, W.2
  • 53
    • 0036789816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression: Relation between efficacy and stimulation intensity
    • Padberg, F., Zwanzger, P., et al. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression: relation between efficacy and stimulation intensity. Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(4), 638-645.
    • (2002) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 638-645
    • Padberg, F.1    Zwanzger, P.2
  • 54
    • 2942556742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting increase in corticospinal excitability after 1800 pulses of subthreshold 5 Hz repetitive TMS to the primary motor cortex
    • Peinemann, A., Reimer, B., et al. (2004). Long-lasting increase in corticospinal excitability after 1800 pulses of subthreshold 5 Hz repetitive TMS to the primary motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol, 115(7), 1519-1526.
    • (2004) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.115 , Issue.7 , pp. 1519-1526
    • Peinemann, A.1    Reimer, B.2
  • 55
    • 0345138987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal associative plasticity of the human motor cortex in writers cramp
    • Quartarone, A., Bagnato, S., et al. (2003). Abnormal associative plasticity of the human motor cortex in writers cramp. Brain, 126(Pt 12), 2586-2596.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.PART 12 , pp. 2586-2596
    • Quartarone, A.1    Bagnato, S.2
  • 56
    • 0027136681 scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation and long-term depression ofprimary afferent neurotransmission in the rat spinal cord
    • Randic, M., Jiang, M. C., et al. (1993). Long-term potentiation and long-term depression ofprimary afferent neurotransmission in the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci, 13(12), 5228-5241.
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 5228-5241
    • Randic, M.1    Jiang, M.C.2
  • 57
    • 0034109892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in muscle responses to stimulation of the motor cortex induced by peripheral nerve stimulation in human subjects
    • Ridding, M. C., Brouwer, B., et al. (2000). Changes in muscle responses to stimulation of the motor cortex induced by peripheral nerve stimulation in human subjects. Exp Brain Res, 131(1), 135-143.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-143
    • Ridding, M.C.1    Brouwer, B.2
  • 58
    • 0344443226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with focal arm dystonia have increased sensitivity to slow-frequency repetitive TMS of the dorsal premotor cortex
    • Siebner, H. R., Filipovic, S. R., et al. (2003). Patients with focal arm dystonia have increased sensitivity to slow-frequency repetitive TMS of the dorsal premotor cortex. Brain, 126(Pt 12), 2710-2725.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.PART 12 , pp. 2710-2725
    • Siebner, H.R.1    Filipovic, S.R.2
  • 59
    • 0033602007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a beneficial effect on bradykinesia in Parkinsons disease
    • Siebner, H. R., Mentschel, C., et al. (1999). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a beneficial effect on bradykinesia in Parkinsons disease. Neuroreport, 10(3), 589-594.
    • (1999) Neuroreport , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 589-594
    • Siebner, H.R.1    Mentschel, C.2
  • 60
    • 0033961189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation
    • Stefan, K., Kunesch, E., et al. (2000). Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation. Brain, 123(Pt 3), 572-584.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 572-584
    • Stefan, K.1    Kunesch, E.2
  • 61
    • 34249679752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence for NMDA-dependence of the after-effects of human theta burst stimulation
    • Teo, J. T., Swayne, O. B., et al. (2007). Further evidence for NMDA-dependence of the after-effects of human theta burst stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol, 118(7), 1649-1651.
    • (2007) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.118 , Issue.7 , pp. 1649-1651
    • Teo, J.T.1    Swayne, O.B.2
  • 62
    • 0033981146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization ofnonprimary motor cortical inputs on pyramidal and nonpyramidal tract neurons of primary motor cortex: An electrophysiological study in the macaque monkey
    • Tokuno, H. & Nambu, A. (2000). Organization ofnonprimary motor cortical inputs on pyramidal and nonpyramidal tract neurons of primary motor cortex: An electrophysiological study in the macaque monkey. Cereb Cortex, 10(1), 58-68.
    • (2000) Cereb Cortex , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-68
    • Tokuno, H.1    Nambu, A.2
  • 64
    • 0031044334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal inhibition in Parkinsons disease
    • Tsai, C. H., Chen, R. S., et al. (1997). Reciprocal inhibition in Parkinsons disease. Acta Neurol Scand, 95(1), 13-18.
    • (1997) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-18
    • Tsai, C.H.1    Chen, R.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.