Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality - Disentangling the roles of work, fitness, and leisure

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 349-355

  Krause, Niklas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIPID;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL STUDY; EDITORIAL; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FITNESS; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; JOB STRESS; LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; NOISE; OBESITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PASSIVE SMOKING; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POPULATION BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE; SITTING; WORK SCHEDULE; WORKPLACE;

EID: 77956248834     PISSN: 03553140     EISSN: 1795990X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3077     Document Type: Editorial

References (59)

1. Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Burr H, Søgaard K, Gyntelberg F, Suadicani P. Physical demands at work, physical fitness, and 30-year ischaemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in the Copenhagen Male Study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010;36(5):357-65.
2. Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Burr H, Søgaard K, Gyntelberg F, Suadicani P. Fitness, work, and leisure-time physical activity and ischaemic heart disease and all-cause mortality among men with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010;36(5):366-372.
3. Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Burr H, Søgaard K, Gyntelberg F, Suadicani P. The interplay between physical activity at work and during leisure time - risk of ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in middle-aged Caucasian men. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2009;35(6):466-74.
4. Krause N, Brand RJ, Kaplan GA, Kauhanen J, Malla S, Tuomainen T, et al. Occupational physical activity, energy expenditure, and 11-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007;33(6):405-24. (Pubitemid 351384884)
5. Kukkonen-Harjula K. Physical activity and cardiovascular health-work and leisure differ [editorial]. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007;33(6):401-4.
6. Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301(19):2024-35.
7. Stender M, Hense HW, Doring A, Keil U. Physical activity at work and cardiovascular disease risk: results from the MONICA Augsburg study. Int J Epidemiol. 1993;22(4):644-50. (Pubitemid 23247566)
8. Kristal-Boneh E, Harari G, Melamed S, Froom P. Association of physical activity at work with mortality in Israeli industrial employees: the CORDIS study. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42(2):127-35.
9. Eaton CB, Medalie JH, Flocke SA, Zyzanski SJ, Yaari S, Goldbourt U. Self-reported physical activity predicts long-term coronary heart disease and all-cause mortalities: twenty-one-year follow-up of the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study. Arch Fam Med. 1995;4(4):323-9.
10. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 1996. p 259.
11. Powell KE, Thompson PD, Caspersen CJ, Kendrick JS. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Annu Rev Public Health. 1987;8:253-87.
12. Berlin JA, Colditz GA. A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132(4):612-28.
13. Lee IM, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hennekens CH. Physical activity, physical fitness and longevity. Aging (Milano). 1997;9(1- 2):2-11.
14. Francesco S, Andrea C, Francesca C, Rosanna A, Gian Franco G. Physical activity during leisure time and primary prevention of coronary heart disease: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008;15(3):247-57.
15. Nocon M, Hiemann T, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Thalau F, Roll S, Willich SN. Association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008;15(3):239-46.
16. Kristal-Boneh E, Silber H. Notes on the health effects of leisure time versus work related physical activity. Isr J Occup Health. 1998;2:179-84.
17. Salonen JT, Puska P, Tuomilehto J. Physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke and death: a longitudinal study in Eastern Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115(4):526-37. (Pubitemid 12147724)
18. Menotti A, Seccareccia F. Physical activity at work and job responsibility as risk factors for fatal coronary heart disease and other causes of death. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1985;39(4):325-9.
19. Seccareccia F, Menotti A. Physical activity, physical fitness and mortality in a sample of middle aged men followed-up 25 years. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1992;32(2):206-13.
20. Salonen JT, Slater JS, Tuomilehto J, Rauramaa R. Leisure time and occupational physical activity: risk of death from ischemic heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;127(1):87-94. (Pubitemid 18034369)
21. Lapidus L, Bengtsson C. Socioeconomic factors and physical activity in relation to cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in a population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Heart J. 1986;55(3):295-301.
22. Hu G, Jousilahti P, Borodulin K, Barengo NC, Lakka TA, Nissinen A, et al. Occupational, commuting and leisure-time physical activity in relation to coronary heart disease among middle-aged Finnish men and women. Atherosclerosis. 2007;194(2):490-7.
23. Kannel WB, Belanger A, D'Agostino R, Israel I. Physical activity and physical demand on the job and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 1986;112(4):820-5. (Pubitemid 16025048)
24. Sobolski J, Kornitzer M, De Backer G, Dramaix M, Abramowicz M, Degre S, Denolin H. Protection against ischemic heart disease in the Belgian Physical Fitness Study: physical fitness rather than physical activity? Am J Epidemiol. 1987;125(4):601-10.
25. Johansson S, Rosengren A, Tsipogianni A, Ulvenstam G, Wiklund I, Wilhelmsen L. Physical inactivity as a risk factor for primary and secondary coronary events in Goteborg, Sweden. Eur Heart J. 1988;9 suppl L:8-19.
26. Menotti A, Keys A, Blackburn H, Aravanis C, Dontas A, Fidanza F, et al. Twenty-year stroke mortality and prediction in twelve cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Int J Epidemiol. 1990;19(2):309-15.
27. Haapanen N, Miilunpalo S, Vuori I, Oja P, Pasanen M. Characteristics of leisure time physical activity associated with decreased risk of premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(9):870-80.
28. Harmsen P, Rosengren A, Tsipogianni A, Wilhelmsen L. Risk factors for stroke in middle-aged men in Goteborg, Sweden. Stroke. 1990;21(2):223-9.
29. Krause N, Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Salonen R, Salonen JT. Standing at work and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000;26(3):227-36. (Pubitemid 30420970)
30. Lopes C, Santos AC, Azevedo A, Maciel MJ, Barros H. Physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction after the fourth decade of life. Rev Port Cardiol. 2005;24(10):1191-207.
31. Kristensen TS. Cardiovascular diseases and the work environment: a critical review of the epidemiologic literature on nonchemical factors [review]. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1989;15(3):165-79.
32. Schnall PL, Belkic K, Landsbergis P, Baker D, editors. The workplace and cardiovascular disease. Philadelphia (PA): Hanley & Belfus; 2000. State of the Art Reviews in Occupational Medicine, volume 15, p 334.
33. Lynch JW, Krause N, Kaplan GA, Cohen R, Salonen R, Salonen JT. Workplace demands, economic reward, and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1997;96(1):302-7. (Pubitemid 27298436)
34. Morris JN, Kagan A, Pattison DC, Gardner MJ. Incidence and prediction of ischaemic heart-disease in London busmen. Lancet. 1966;2(7463):553-9.
35. Rosengren A, Anderson K, Wilhelmsen L. Risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged male bus and tram drivers compared to men in other occupations: a prospective study. Int J Epidemiol. 1991;20(1):82-7.
36. Gustavsson P, Alfredsson L, Brunnberg H, Hammar N, Jakobsson R, Reuterwall C, Ostlin P. Myocardial infarction among male bus, taxi, and lorry drivers in middle Sweden. Occup Environ Med. 1996;53(4):235-40.
37. Belkić K, Savić Č, Theorell T, Rakić L, Ercegovac D, Djordjević M. Mechanisms of cardiac risk among professional drivers [review]. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994;20(2):73-86.
38. Evans GW. Working on the hot seat: Urban bus operators. Accid Anal Prev. 1994;26(2):181-93.
39. Hartvig P, Midttun O. Coronary heart disease risk factors in bus and truck drivers: a controlled cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1983;52(4):353-60.
40. Tüchsen F, Endahl LA. Increasing inequality in ischaemic heart disease morbidity among employed men in Denmark 1981-1993: the need for a new preventive policy. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28(4):640-4.
41. Glagov S, Giddens D, Ku D. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis: insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988;112:1018-31.
42. Thubrikar MJ, Robiscsek F. Pressure-induced arterial wall stress and atherosclerosis. Ann Thorc Surg. 1995;59(6):1594-603.
43. Ilmarinen J. Work and cardiovascular health: viewpoint of occupational physiology. Ann Med. 1989;21(3):209-14.
44. Karlqvist L, Leijon O, Härenstam A. Physical demands in working life and individual physical capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(6):536-47.
45. Arcand R, Labrèche F, Messing K, Stock S, Tissot F. Travail et sante [Work and health]. In: Daveluy C, Pica L, Audet N, Courtemanche R, Lapointe F, Côté L, et al, editors. Enquête sociale et de santé 1998 [Social and Health Survey 1998]. Quebec (Canada): Institut de la statistique du Quebec; 2000. p 525-70.
46. Borg V, Burr H, editors. Danske lønmodtageres arbeijdsmiljø og helbred 1990-98 [Danish wage-earners working environment and health 1990-95]. Copenhagen: Arbeidsmiljøinstitutet; 1997.
47. Ilmarinen J. Towards a longer worklife!: ageing and the quality of worklife in the European Union. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; 2005.
48. World Health Organisation (WHO). Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update. Geneva: WHO; 2008. p 153.
49. Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, Patel C, North F, Head J, et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study [see comments]. Lancet. 1991;337(8754):1387-93.
50. Kunst AE, Groenhof F, Mackenbach JP, EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health. Mortality by occupational class among men 30-64 years in 11 European countries. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46:1459-76.
51. Chandola T. Social class differences in mortality using the new UK National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50:641-49.
52. Helmert U. Sozialschichtspezifische Unterschiede bei somatischen und verhaltensbezogenen Risikofaktoren fuer die koronare Herzkrankheit [Social-strata-specific differences in somatic and behavioral risk factors of coronary heart disease]. In: Mielck A, Bloomfield K, editors. Sozialepidemiologie [Social epidemiology]. München (Germany): Juventa; 2001. p 175-83.
53. Siegrist J. Die soziale Dimension von Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten [The social dimension of cardiovascular diseases]. In: Kaiser G, Siegrist J, Rosenfeld E, Wetzel-Vandai K, editors. Die zukunft der Medizin. Neue Wege zur Gesundheit [The future of medicine. a new way for health]. Frankfurt/Main (Germany): Campus Verlag; 1996. p 94-102.
54. Marmot MG, Bosma H, Hemingway H, Brunner E, Stansfeld S. Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence. Lancet. 1997;350(9073):235-9.
55. Landsbergis PA. Assessing the contribution of working conditions to socioeconomic disparities in health: a commentary. Am J Ind Med.2010;53(2):95- 103.
56. Kristensen TS, Kornitzer M, Alfredsson L, Marmor M. Social factors, work, stress and cardiovascular disease prevention in the European Union. Brussels: The European Heart Network; 1998. p 35.
57. Haapanen-Niemi N, Vuori I, Pasanen M. Public health burden of coronary heart disease risk factors among middle-aged and elderly men. Prev Med. 1999;28(4):343-8.
58. Krause N, Brand R, Kauhanen J, Kaplan G, Syme S, Wong C, Salonen J. Work time and 11-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged Finnish men. Prev Chron Dis. 2009;6(1):A13.
59. MacDonald LA, Cohen A, Baron S, Burchfiel CM. Occupation as socioeconomic status or environmental exposure?: a survey of practice among population-based cardiovascular studies in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(12):1411-21.