Effects of leather industry on health and recommendations for improving the situation in Pakistan

Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health

Volumn 65, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 163-172

  Syed, Madiha ^a   Saleem, Taimur ^a   Shuja ur Rehman, ^a   Iqbal, Muhammed Asif ^a   Javed, Faisal ^a   Khan, Muhammed Bilal Salman ^a   Sadiq, Kamran ^b  

^a AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Pakistan)

^b AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Adult; Health; Leather industry; Pakistan; Pediatric; Recommendations

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ASTHMA; BRAZIL; CHILD; DERMATITIS, OCCUPATIONAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH; HUMAN; INDIA; LEATHER INDUSTRY; MIDDLE AGED; MOROCCO; NEOPLASMS; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PAKISTAN; POLLUTION; STANDARDS; YOUNG ADULT; AGRICULTURE; AIR POLLUTION; APLASTIC ANEMIA; ARTICLE; CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME; DENTAL CARIES; DERMATITIS; DRINKING; GALLBLADDER CANCER; GENITAL SYSTEM; GLOSSITIS; HEADACHE; HEALTH HAZARD; HYPERTENSION; JOB STRESS; LARYNX CANCER; LEUKEMIA; LIVER TOXICITY; LUNG CANCER; LYMPHOMA; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; NERVE CONDUCTION; NIGHT BLINDNESS; NOISE; NOSE CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; PAINTING; PARANASAL SINUS CANCER; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; SHOE INDUSTRY; SITTING; SKIN MANIFESTATION; SOCIAL STATUS; SOLID WASTE; STOMATITIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VITILIGO; WASTE WATER; WATER CONTAMINATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ASTHMA; BRAZIL; CHILD; DERMATITIS, OCCUPATIONAL; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; GLOBAL HEALTH; HUMANS; INDIA; MIDDLE AGED; MOROCCO; NEOPLASMS; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PAKISTAN; TANNING; YOUNG ADULT;

AMMONIA; CHROMIUM; COLLAGEN; CYCLOHEXANE; DYE; FAT; GLUE; HEXANE; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; RUBBER; VEGETABLE OIL;

EID: 77956246661     PISSN: 19338244     EISSN: 21544700     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19338241003730895     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Answer.com. 2008. Definition of leather. Available at:http://www.answers.com/topic/leather. Accessed October 20
2. Pakistan's Economy in 2006. 2008. World Bank Report 2006. Available at:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/Pak-Economy-Outlook2006.pdf. Accessed October 23
3. Responding to the environmental challenge. 2008. Pakistan's leather industry (generated by North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural resources). Available at:http://www.p2pays.org/ref/18/17863/pdf. Accessed October 23
4. Introduction of low pollution processes in leather production. 2008. Available at:http://www.rec.org/ecolinks/bestpractices/PDF/croatia_hdko.pdf. Accessed October 23
5. Alves, V C, Renofio, A, and Barbosa, A S. 2009. The leather industry and its environmental impacts:subsidies for the implementation of environmental management actions. Available at:http://ebiz.uoregon.edu/poms2008/FullPapers/008–0446.pdf. Accessed November 26
6. Shahzad, K, Akhtar, S, and Mahmud, S. 2006. Prevalence and determinants of asthma in adult male leather tannery workers in Karachi, Pakistan:a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health., 6:292
7. Siddiqi, F, and Patrinos, H A. 2008. Child labor:issues, causes and interventions. Human Capital Developmental and Operations Policy Working Paper. Available at:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/278200–1099079877269/547664–1099079934475/547667–1135281552767/Child_Labor_issues.pdf. Accessed October 23
8. Shukla, A, Kumar, S, and Ory, F G. 1991. Occupational health and the environment in an urban slum in India. Soc Sci Med., 33:597–603.
9. Ory, F G, Rahman, F U, Katagade, V, Shukla, A, and Burdorf, A. 1997. Respiratory disorders, skin complaints, and low-back trouble among tannery workers in Kanpur, India. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J., 58:740–746.
10. Tiwari, R R. 2005. Child labour in footwear industry:possible occupational health hazards. Indian J Occup Environ Med., 9:7–9.
11. Mitra, S. 1993. A study of the health conditions of child workers in a small scale leather industry in Calcutta. Br J Ind Med., 50:938–940.
12. Mitra, S. 1994. Factors in the sociocultural environment of child labourers:a study in a small scale leather goods industry in Calcutta. Occup Environ Med., 51:822–825.
13. Human Right Commission Pakistan. 2008. The state of human rights in Pakistan. Available at:http://www.globalmarch.org/worstformsreport/world/Pakistan. Accessed October 23
14. 1st Maroc, Industry. 2009. Available at:http://www.1stmaroc.com/economy/industry.html. Accessed November 25
15. A blueprint for the African leather industry. 2009. Available at:http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/A_blueprint_for_the_African_leather_industry.pdf. Accessed November 26
16. De Nicola, E, Meriç, S, Della Rocca, C. 2007. Wastewater toxicity of tannin- versus chromium-based leather tanneries in Marrakesh, Morocco. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol., 53:321–328.
17. Leather in Brazil is a US$ 21 billion industry. 2009. Available at:http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/8254/54./Accessed November 26
18. Odegard, J TH. 2001. “ Economic liberization and the environment—a case study of the leather industry of Brazil ”. In Industry and Environment in Latin America, 1st ed, Edited by:Jenkins, R. 121–142. London:Routledge Publishers.
19. Clarke, M, and Mason, E. 1985. Leatherwork:a possible hazard to reproduction. BMJ., 290:1235–1237.
20. Clarke, M, and Clayton, D G. 1983. Quality of obstetric care provided for Asian immigrants in Leicestershire. BMJ., 286:621–623.
21. McDonald, A D, and McDonald, J C. 1986. Outcome of pregnancy in leatherworkers. BMJ., 292:979–981.
22. McKinney, P A, Fear, N T, and Stockton, D. 2003. Parental occupation at periconception:findings from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study. Occup Environ Med., 60:901–909.
23. García, A M, and Fletcher, T. 1998. Maternal occupation in the leather industry and selected congenital malformations. Occup Environ Med., 55:284–286.
24. Bianchi, F, Cianciulli, D, Pierini, A, and Seniori Costantini, A. 1997. Congenital malformations and maternal occupation:a registry based case-control study. Occup Environ Med., 54:223–228.
25. Ivanova, NIu, and Serednitskaia, S A. 1989. Status of reproductive function and the development and health of children of female workers in the synthetic leather industry. Gig Tr Prof Zabol., 7:28–31.
26. Coggon, D, Pannett, B, Osmond, C, and Acheson, E D. 1986. A survey of cancer and occupation in young and middle aged men. Br J Ind Med., 43:332–338.
27. La Vecchia, C, Negri, E, D’Avanzo, B, and Franceschi, S. 1989. Occupation and lymphoid neoplasms. Br J Cancer., 60:385–388.
28. Lope, V, Pérez-Gómez, B, Aragonés, N. 2009. Occupational exposure to chemicals and risk of thyroid cancer in Sweden. Int Arch Occup Environ Health., 82:267–274.
29. Montanaro, F, Ceppi, M, Demers, P A, Puntoni, R, and Bonassi, S. 1997. Mortality in a cohort of tannery workers. Occup Environ Med., 54:588–591.
30. Marrett, L D, Hartge, P, and Meigs, J W. 1986. Bladder cancer and occupational exposure to leather. Br J Ind Med., 43:96–100.
31. Veyalkin, I, and Gerein, V. 2006. Retrospective cohort study of cancer mortality at the Minsk Leather Tannery. Ind Health., 44:69–74.
32. Iaia, T E, Bartoli, D, Calzoni, P. 2006. A cohort mortality study of leather tanners in Tuscany, Italy. Am J Ind Med., 49:452–459.
33. Costantini, A S, Paci, E, Miligi, L, Buiatti, E, Martelli, C, and Lenzi, S. 1989. Cancer mortality among workers in the Tuscan tanning industry. Br J Ind Med., 46:384–388.
34. Edling, C, Kling, H, Flodin, U, and Axelson, O. 1986. Cancer mortality among leather tanners. Br J Ind Med., 43:494–496.
35. Bonneterre, V, Deschamps, E, Persoons, R. 2007. Sino-nasal cancer and exposure to leather dust. Occup Med., 57:438–443.
36. Marshall, E G, Melius, J M, London, M A, Nasca, P C, and Burnett, W S. 1990. Investigation of a testicular cancer cluster using a case-control approach. Int J Epidemiol., 19:269–273.
37. Ji, J, Granström, C, and Hemminki, K. 2005. Occupational risk factors for kidney cancer:a cohort study in Sweden. World J Urol., 23:271–278.
38. Krstev, S, Dosemeci, M, Lissowska, J, Chow, W H, Zatonski, W, and Ward, M H. 2005. Occupation and risk of stomach cancer in Poland. Occup Environ Med., 62:318–324.
39. Hansen, M B, Menne, T, and Johansen, J D. 2006. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in leather and elicitation of eczema. Contact Dermatitis., 54:278–282.
40. Hansen, M B, Menné, T, and Johansen, J D. 2006. Cr(III) reactivity and foot dermatitis in Cr(VI) positive patients. Contact Dermatitis., 54:140–144.
41. Hansen, M B, Rydin, S, Menné, T, and Johansen, J D. 2002. Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome-tanned leather. Contact Dermatitis., 47:127–134.
42. Katiyar, S, Awasthi, S K, and Sahu, R K. 2008. Suppression of IL-6 level in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with PHA/LPS after occupational exposure to chromium. Sci Total Environ., 390:355–361.
43. Mignini, F, Streccioni, V, Baldo, M. 2004. Individual susceptibility to hexavalent chromium of workers of shoe, hide and leather industries. Immunological pattern of HLA-B8, DR3-positive subjects. Prev Med., 39:768–780.
44. Vernez, D, Bruzzi, R, Kupferschmidt, H, De-Batz, A, Droz, P, and Lazor, R. 2006. Acute respiratory syndrome after inhalation of waterproofing sprays:a posteriori exposure-response assessment in 102 cases. J Occup Environ Hyg., 3:250–261.
45. Olaguibel, J M, Hernandez, D, and Morales, P. 1990. Occupational asthma caused by inhalation of casein. Allergy., 40:302–308.
46. Hawkes, C H, Cavanaugh, J B, and Fox, A J. 1989. Motorneuron disease:a disease secondary to solvent exposure?. Lancet., 1:73–76.
47. Luo, J C, Cheng, T J, Kuo, H W, and Chang, M J. 2005. Abnormal liver function associated with occupational exposure to dimethylformamide and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Biomarkers., 10:463–473.
48. Chang, H Y, Shih, T S, Guo, Y L, Tsai, C Y, and Hsu, P C. 2004. Sperm function in workers exposed to N, N-dimethylformamide in the synthetic leather industry. Fertil Steril., 81:1089–1093.
49. Kumar, V, Majumdar, C, and Roy, P. 2008. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals from leather industry effluents on male reproductive system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol., 111:208–216.
50. Chang, T Y, Wang, V S, Lin, S Y, Yen, H Y, Lai, J S, and Liu, C S. 2010. Co-exposure to noise, N, N-dimethylformamide, and toluene on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in synthetic leather workers. J Occup Environ Hyg., 7:14–22.
51. Ince, N, Işsever, H, Ince, H. 2008. Hypertension in leather tanning workers working in Istanbul, Turkey. Singapore Med J., 49:874–878.
52. Hands On:the report from TVE.org. 2008. Series 3:Programme 4—Waste to wages. Available at:http://handsontv.info/series3/wastetowages_reports/hellforleather_pakistan.html. Accessed October 23
53. Agnihotram, R V. 2005. An overview of occupational health research in India. Indian J Occup Environ Med., 9:10–14.
54. Malek, A, Hachemi, M, and Didier, V. 2009. New approach of depollution of solid chromium leather waste by the use of organic chelates:economical and environmental impacts. J Hazard Mater., 170:156–162.
55. Sivakumar, V, Anna, J L, Vijayeeswarri, J, and Swaminathan, G. 2009. Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural dyeing of leather. Ultrason Sonochem., 16:782–789.
56. Pagano, G, Castello, G, Gallo, M, Borriello, I, and Guida, M. 2008. Complex mixture-associated hormesis and toxicity:the case of leather tanning industry. Dose Response., 6:383–396.