Charge symmetry at the partonic level

Reviews of Modern Physics

Volumn 82, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 2009-2052

  Londergan, J T ^a   Peng, J C ^b   Thomas, A W ^c,d  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign   (United States)

^c THOMAS JEFFERSON NATIONAL ACCELERATOR FACILITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE SYMMETRY; PARTON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; SYMMETRY VIOLATION; UPPER LIMITS;

DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS;

EID: 77956156655     PISSN: 00346861     EISSN: 15390756     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2009     Document Type: Article

References (195)

1. Abazov, V. M., (D0), 2008a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 211801. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.211801
2. Abazov, V. M., (D0), 2008b, Phys. Rev. D 77, 011106. 10.1103/PhysRevD.77. 011106
3. Abbaneo, D., (ALEPH), 2001, e-print arXiv:hep-ex/0112021.
4. Abe, F., (CDF), 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5742. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81. 5742
5. Ackerstaff, K., (HERMES), 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5519. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5519
6. Acosta, D. E., (CDF), 2005, Phys. Rev. D 71, 051104. 10.1103/PhysRevD.71. 051104
7. Adler, S. L., 1966, Phys. Rev. 143, 1144. 10.1103/PhysRev.143.1144
8. Adloff, C., (H1), 2003, Eur. Phys. J. C 30, 1. 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01257-6
9. Aivazis, M. A. G., J. C. Collins, F. I. Olness, and W.-K. Tung, 1994, Phys. Rev. D 50, 3102. 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.3102
10. Aivazis, M. A. G., F. I. Olness, and W.-K. Tung, 1994, Phys. Rev. D 50, 3085. 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.3085
11. Allasia, D., (WA25), 1984, Phys. Lett. 135B, 231. 10.1016/0370-2693(84) 90488-X
12. Allasia, D., 1985, Z. Phys. C 28, 321. 10.1007/BF01413595
13. Altarelli, G., and G. Parisi, 1977, Nucl. Phys. B 126, 298. 10.1016/0550-3213(77)90384-4
14. Amaudruz, P., (New Muon), 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2712. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.2712
15. Amaudruz, P., (New Muon), 1992, Phys. Lett. B 295, 159. 10.1016/0370-2693(92)90106-E
16. Amsler, C., (Particle Data Group), 2008, Phys. Lett. B 667, 1. 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018
17. Anderson, K. J., 1979, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 944. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.42. 944
18. Anthony, P. L., (SLAC E158), 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 081601. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.081601
19. Arneodo, M., (New Muon), 1994, Phys. Rev. D 50, R1. 10.1103/PhysRevD.50. R1
20. Arneodo, M., (New Muon), 1997, Nucl. Phys. B 483, 3. 10.1016/S0550- 3213(96)00538-X
21. Arrington, J., 2009
22. Ashman, J., (European Muon), 1988, Phys. Lett. B 206, 364. 10.1016/0370-2693(88)91523-7
23. Ashman, J., (European Muon), 1989, Nucl. Phys. B 328, 1. 10.1016/0550-3213(89)90089-8
24. Baldit, A., (NA51), 1994, Phys. Lett. B 332, 244. 10.1016/0370-2693(94) 90884-2
25. Bardin, D. Y., and V. A. Dokuchaeva, 1984, Nucl. Phys. B 246, 221. 10.1016/0550-3213(84)90293-1
26. Barnett, R. M., 1976, Phys. Rev. D 14, 70. 10.1103/PhysRevD.14.70
27. Bazarko, A. O., (CCFR), 1995, Z. Phys. C 65, 189. 10.1007/BF01571875
28. Benesh, C. J., and J. T. Goldman, 1997, Phys. Rev. C 55, 441. 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.441
29. Benesh, C. J., and J. T. Londergan, 1998, Phys. Rev. C 58, 1218. 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1218
30. Bennett, S. C., and C. E. Wieman, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2484. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2484
31. Bentz, W., I. C. Cloët, J. T. Londergan, and A. W. Thomas, 2009, e-print arXiv:0908.3198.
32. Benvenuti, A. C., (BCDMS), 1987, Phys. Lett. B 195, 91. 10.1016/0370-2693(87)90891-4
33. Benvenuti, A. C., (BCDMS), 1990, Phys. Lett. B 237, 592. 10.1016/0370-2693(90)91231-Y
34. Berge, J. P., 1987, Z. Phys. C 35, 443. 10.1007/BF01596895
35. Bergsma, F., (CHARM), 1983, Phys. Lett. 123B, 269. 10.1016/0370-2693(83) 90436-7
36. Bernstein, R., 2009, private communication.
37. Betev, B., (NA10), 1985, Z. Phys. C 28, 9. 10.1007/BF01550243
38. Bethe, H., and E. E. Salpeter, 1957, Quantum Mechanics of One- and Two-Electron Atoms (Academic, New York).
39. Bickerstaff, R. P., and A. W. Thomas, 1982, Phys. Rev. D 25, 1869. 10.1103/PhysRevD.25.1869
40. Bickerstaff, R. P., and A. W. Thomas, 1989, J. Phys. G 15, 1523. 10.1088/0954-3899/15/10/006
41. Blair, R., 1983, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 343. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.343
42. Blum, T., T. Doi, M. Hayakawa, T. Izubuchi, and N. Yamada, 2007, Phys. Rev. D 76, 114508. 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.114508
43. Bodek, A., Q. Fan, M. Lancaster, K. S. McFarland, and U.-K. Yang, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2892. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2892
44. Bodek, A., and J. L. Ritchie, 1981, Phys. Rev. D 23, 1070. 10.1103/PhysRevD.23.1070
45. Boros, C., J. T. Londergan, and A. W. Thomas, 1998a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4075. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4075
46. Boros, C., J. T. Londergan, and A. W. Thomas, 1998b, Phys. Rev. D 58, 114030. 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.114030
47. Boros, C., J. T. Londergan, and A. W. Thomas, 1999, Phys. Rev. D 59, 074021. 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.074021
48. Boros, C., F. M. Steffens, J. T. Londergan, and A. W. Thomas, 1999, Phys. Lett. B 468, 161. 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01154-5
49. Botje, M., 2000, Eur. Phys. J. C 14, 285. 10.1007/s100520000358
50. Bradamante, F. (COMPASS), 2008, AIP Conf. Proc. 1056, 436. 10.1063/1.3013076
51. Braun, V. M., and A. V. Kolesnichenko, 1987, Nucl. Phys. B 283, 723. 10.1016/0550-3213(87)90295-1
52. Brodsky, S. J., and B.-Q. Ma, 1996, Phys. Lett. B 381, 317. 10.1016/0370-2693(96)00597-7
53. Brodsky, S. J., I. Schmidt, and J.-J. Yang, 2004, Phys. Rev. D 70, 116003. 10.1103/PhysRevD.70.116003
54. Cabibbo, N., 1963, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 531. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.531
55. Cao, F.-G., and A. I. Signal, 2000, Phys. Rev. C 62, 015203. 10.1103/PhysRevC.62.015203
56. Cloët, I. C., W. Bentz, and A. W. Thomas, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 052302. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.052302
57. Cloët, I. C., W. Bentz, and A. W. Thomas, 2006, Phys. Lett. B 642, 210. 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.08.076
58. Cloët, I. C., W. Bentz, and A. W. Thomas, 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 252301. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.252301
59. Close, F. E., and A. W. Thomas, 1988, Phys. Lett. B 212, 227. 10.1016/0370-2693(88)90530-8
60. Conrad, J. M., M. H. Shaevitz, and T. Bolton, 1998, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 1341. 10.1103/RevModPhys.70.1341
61. Conway, J. S., 1989, Phys. Rev. D 39, 92. 10.1103/PhysRevD.39.92
62. Corden, M., 1980, Phys. Lett. 96B, 417. 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90800-X
63. Czarnecki, A., and W. J. Marciano, 1996, Phys. Rev. D 53, 1066. 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.1066
64. Czarnecki, A., and W. J. Marciano, 2000, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 15, 2365. 10.1016/S0217-751X(00)00243-0
65. Dasu, S., 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1061. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1061
66. Davidson, R. M., and M. Burkardt, 1997, Phys. Lett. B 403, 134. 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00443-7
67. Davidson, S., S. Forte, P. Gambino, N. Rius, and A. Strumia, 2002, J. High Energy Phys. 02, 037. 10.1088/1126-6708/2002/02/037
68. de Groot, J. G. H., 1979, Phys. Lett. 82B, 292. 10.1016/0370-2693(79) 90759-7
69. Diener, K. P. O., S. Dittmaier, and W. Hollik, 2004, Phys. Rev. D 69, 073005. 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.073005
70. Diener, K. P. O., S. Dittmaier, and W. Hollik, 2005, Phys. Rev. D 72, 093002. 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.093002
71. Dokshitzer, Y. L., 1977, Sov. Phys. JETP 46, 641.
72. Drell, S. D., and T.-M. Yan, 1970, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 316. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.316
73. Drell, S. D., and T.-M. Yan, 1971, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 66, 578. 10.1016/0003-4916(71)90071-6
74. Ellis, S. D., and W. J. Stirling, 1991, Phys. Lett. B 256, 258. 10.1016/0370-2693(91)90684-I
75. Ericson, M., and A. W. Thomas, 1984, Phys. Lett. 148B, 191. 10.1016/0370-2693(84)91636-8
76. Erler, J., and M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, 2005, Phys. Rev. D 72, 073003. 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.073003
77. Foudas, C., 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1207. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.1207
78. Frankfurt, L. L., and M. I. Strikman, 1978, Phys. Lett. 76B, 333. 10.1016/0370-2693(78)90800-6
79. Frankfurt, L. L., and M. I. Strikman, 1981, Phys. Rep. 76, 215. 10.1016/0370-1573(81)90129-0
80. Frankfurt, L. L., and M. I. Strikman, 1988, Phys. Rep. 160, 235. 10.1016/0370-1573(88)90179-2
81. Frankfurt, L. L., 1989, Phys. Lett. B 230, 141. 10.1016/0370-2693(89) 91668-7
82. Garvey, G. T., and J.-C. Peng, 2001, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 47, 203. 10.1016/S0146-6410(01)00155-7
83. Geesaman, D. F., K. Saito, and A. W. Thomas, 1995, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 45, 337. 10.1146/annurev.ns.45.120195.002005
84. Georgi, H., and H. D. Politzer, 1976, Phys. Rev. D 14, 1829. 10.1103/PhysRevD.14.1829
85. Glück, M., P. Jimenez-Delgado, and E. Reya, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 022002. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.022002
86. Glück, M., S. Kretzer, and E. Reya, 1996, Phys. Lett. B 380, 171. 10.1016/0370-2693(96)00456-X
87. Glück, M., E. Reya, and A. Vogt, 1995, Z. Phys. C 67, 433. 10.1007/BF01624586
88. Glück, M., E. Reya, and A. Vogt, 1998, Eur. Phys. J. C 5, 461. 10.1007/s100529800978
89. Goncharov, M., (NuTeV), 2001, Phys. Rev. D 64, 112006. 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.112006
90. Gottfried, K., 1967, Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 1174. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.18. 1174
91. Gribov, V. N., and L. N. Lipatov, 1972, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 15, 438.
92. Gross, D. J., and C. H. Llewellyn Smith, 1969, Nucl. Phys. B 14, 337. 10.1016/0550-3213(69)90213-2
93. Harris, D. A., (CCFR-NUTEV), 1995, e-print arXiv:hep-ex/9506010.
94. Hawker, E. A., (FNAL E866/NuSea), 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3715. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3715
95. Henley, E., and G. A. Miller, 1979, in Mesons in Nuclei, edited by, M. Rho, and, D. Wilkinson, (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 116.
96. Henley, E. M., and G. A. Miller, 1990, Phys. Lett. B 251, 453. 10.1016/0370-2693(90)90735-O
97. Hinchliffe, I., and A. Kwiatkowski, 1996, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 46, 609. 10.1146/annurev.nucl.46.1.609
98. Hirai, M., S. Kumano, and T. H. Nagai, 2004, Phys. Rev. C 70, 044905. 10.1103/PhysRevC.70.044905
99. Hirai, M., S. Kumano, and T. H. Nagai, 2005, Phys. Rev. D 71, 113007. 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.113007
100. Hobbs, T., and W. Melnitchouk, 2008, Phys. Rev. D 77, 114023. 10.1103/PhysRevD.77.114023
101. Holtmann, H., A. Szczurek, and J. Speth, 1996, Nucl. Phys. A 596, 631. 10.1016/0375-9474(95)00448-3
102. Jaffe, R. L., 1983, Nucl. Phys. B 229, 205. 10.1016/0550-3213(83)90361-9
103. Ji, X.-D., and J. Tang, 1995, Phys. Lett. B 362, 182. 10.1016/0370-2693(95)01153-H
104. Kobayashi, M., and T. Maskawa, 1973, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 652. 10.1143/PTP.49.652
105. Kovalenko, S., I. Schmidt, and J.-J. Yang, 2002, Phys. Lett. B 546, 68. 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02591-1
106. Kretzer, S., 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 041802. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93. 041802
107. Kulagin, S. A., and R. Petti, 2006, Nucl. Phys. A 765, 126. 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.10.011
108. Kulagin, S. A., and R. Petti, 2007a, Phys. Rev. D 76, 094023. 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.094023
109. Kulagin, S. A., and R. Petti, 2007b, AIP Conf. Proc. 967, 94. 10.1063/1.2834518
110. Kumano, S., 1998, Phys. Rep. 303, 183. 10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00016-7
111. Kumano, S., 2002, Phys. Rev. D 66, 111301. 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.111301
112. Lai, H. L., 1997, Phys. Rev. D 55, 1280. 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.1280
113. Lai, H. L., (CTEQ), 2000, Eur. Phys. J. C 12, 375. 10.1007/s100529900196
114. Larin, S. A., and J. A. M. Vermaseren, 1991, Phys. Lett. B 259, 345. 10.1016/0370-2693(91)90839-I
115. Leader, E., and E. Predazzi, 1996, An Introduction to Gauge Theories and Modern Particle Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
116. Leung, W. C., 1993, Phys. Lett. B 317, 655. 10.1016/0370-2693(93)91386-2
117. Levelt, J., P. J. Mulders, and A. W. Schreiber, 1991, Phys. Lett. B 263, 498. 10.1016/0370-2693(91)90495-C
118. Londergan, J. T., 2005, AIP Conf. Proc. 747, 205. 10.1063/1.1871663
119. Londergan, J. T., S. A. Braendler, and A. W. Thomas, 1998, Phys. Lett. B 424, 185. 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01483-4
120. Londergan, J. T., G. T. Carvey, G. Q. Liu, E. N. Rodionov, and A. W. Thomas, 1994, Phys. Lett. B 340, 115. 10.1016/0370-2693(94)91306-4
121. Londergan, J. T., G. Q. Liu, E. N. Rodionov, and A. W. Thomas, 1995, Phys. Lett. B 361, 110. 10.1016/0370-2693(95)01132-A
122. Londergan, J. T., D. P. Murdock, and A. W. Thomas, 2005, Phys. Rev. D 72, 036010. 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.036010
123. Londergan, J. T., D. P. Murdock, and A. W. Thomas, 2006, Phys. Rev. D 73, 076004. 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.076004
124. Londergan, J. T., A. Pang, and A. W. Thomas, 1996, Phys. Rev. D 54, 3154. 10.1103/PhysRevD.54.3154
125. Londergan, J. T., and A. W. Thomas, 1998, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41, 49. 10.1016/S0146-6410(98)00055-6
126. Londergan, J. T., and A. W. Thomas, 2003a, Phys. Lett. B 558, 132. 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00267-3
127. Londergan, J. T., and A. W. Thomas, 2003b, Phys. Rev. D 67, 111901. 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.111901
128. Ma, B.-Q., 1992, Phys. Lett. B 274, 111. 10.1016/0370-2693(92)90311-Q
129. Ma, B.-Q., A. Schafer, and W. Greiner, 1993, Phys. Rev. D 47, 51. 10.1103/PhysRevD.47.51
130. Macfarlane, D. B., (CCFRR), 1984, Z. Phys. C 26, 1. 10.1007/BF01572534
131. Martin, A. D., R. G. Roberts, W. J. Stirling, and R. S. Thorne, 1998, Phys. Lett. B 443, 301. 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01325-2
132. Martin, A. D., R. G. Roberts, W. J. Stirling, and R. S. Thorne, 2002, Eur. Phys. J. C 23, 73. 10.1007/s100520100842
133. Martin, A. D., R. G. Roberts, W. J. Stirling, and R. S. Thorne, 2004, Eur. Phys. J. C 35, 325. 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01825-2
134. Martin, A. D., R. G. Roberts, W. J. Stirling, and R. S. Thorne, 2005, Eur. Phys. J. C 39, 155. 10.1140/epjc/s2004-02088-7
135. Martin, A. D., W. J. Stirling, and R. G. Roberts, 1990, Phys. Lett. B 252, 653. 10.1016/0370-2693(90)90501-V
136. Martin, A. D., W. J. Stirling, R. S. Thorne, and G. Watt, 2007, Phys. Lett. B 652, 292. 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.07.040
137. Mason, D., 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 192001. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99. 192001
138. Melnitchouk, W., and M. Malheiro, 1997, Phys. Rev. C 55, 431. 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.431
139. Melnitchouk, W., and J. C. Peng, 1997, Phys. Lett. B 400, 220. 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00326-2
140. Melnitchouk, W., A. W. Schreiber, and A. W. Thomas, 1994a, Phys. Rev. D 49, 1183. 10.1103/PhysRevD.49.1183
141. Melnitchouk, W., A. W. Schreiber, and A. W. Thomas, 1994b, Phys. Lett. B 335, 11. 10.1016/0370-2693(94)91550-4
142. Melnitchouk, W., and A. W. Thomas, 1993, Phys. Rev. D 47, 3783. 10.1103/PhysRevD.47.3783
143. Melnitchouk, W., and A. W. Thomas, 1996, Phys. Lett. B 377, 11. 10.1016/0370-2693(96)00292-4
144. Meyers, P. D., 1986, Phys. Rev. D 34, 1265. 10.1103/PhysRevD.34.1265
145. Miller, G. A., B. M. K. Nefkens, and I. Slaus, 1990, Phys. Rep. 194, 1. 10.1016/0370-1573(90)90102-8
146. Miller, G. A., A. K. Opper, and E. J. Stephenson, 2006, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 56, 253. 10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140446
147. Miller, G. A., and A. W. Thomas, 2005, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 20, 95. 10.1142/S0217751X0502121X
148. Mishra, S. R., 1990, Proceedings of Workshop on Hadron Structure Functions and Parton Distributions (World Scientific, Singapore), p. 84.
149. Mishra, S. R., and F. Sciulli, 1989, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 39, 259. 10.1146/annurev.ns.39.120189.001355
150. Moreno, G., 1991, Phys. Rev. D 43, 2815. 10.1103/PhysRevD.43.2815
151. Navasardyan, T., 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 022001. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 98.022001
152. Niskanen, J. A., 1999, Few-Body Syst. 26, 241. 10.1007/s006010050117
153. Oltman, E., 1992, Z. Phys. C 53, 51. 10.1007/BF01483872
154. Opper, A. K., 2008, Few-Body Syst. 44, 23. 10.1007/s00601-008-0248-0
155. Opper, A. K., 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 212302. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91. 212302
156. Paschos, E. A., and L. Wolfenstein, 1973, Phys. Rev. D 7, 91. 10.1103/PhysRevD.7.91
157. Peng, J. C., and D. M. Jansen, 1995, Phys. Lett. B 354, 460. 10.1016/0370-2693(95)00652-2
158. Peng, J. C., (E866/NuSea), 1998, Phys. Rev. D 58, 092004. 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.092004
159. Piller, G., and A. W. Thomas, 1996, Z. Phys. C 70, 661. 10.1007/s002880050140
160. Porsev, S. G., K. Beloy, and A. Derevianko, 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 181601. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.181601
161. Prescott, C. Y., 1978, Phys. Lett. 77B, 347. 10.1016/0370-2693(78)90722-0
162. Pumplin, J., 2002, J. High Energy Phys. 07, 012. 10.1088/1126-6708/2002/ 07/012
163. Rabinowitz, S. A., 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 134. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 70.134
164. Reimer, P. E., 2007, Eur. Phys. J. A 31, 593. 10.1140/epja/i2006-10196-3
165. Rodionov, E. N., A. W. Thomas, and J. T. Londergan, 1994, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 9, 1799. 10.1142/S0217732394001659
166. Ross, D. A., and C. T. Sachrajda, 1979, Nucl. Phys. B 149, 497. 10.1016/0550-3213(79)90004-X
167. Saito, K., A. Michels, and A. W. Thomas, 1992, Phys. Rev. C 46, R2149. 10.1103/PhysRevC.46.R2149
168. Sather, E., 1992, Phys. Lett. B 274, 433. 10.1016/0370-2693(92)92011-5
169. Schael, P., (ALEPH), 2006, Phys. Rep. 427, 257. 10.1016/S0370-1573(05) 00511-9
170. Schreiber, A. W., A. I. Signal, and A. W. Thomas, 1991, Phys. Rev. D 44, 2653. 10.1103/PhysRevD.44.2653
171. Seligman, W. G., 1997, Ph.D. thesis (Columbia University).
172. Seligman, W. G., 1992, Particles and Fields 92: Seventh Meeting of the Division of Particles Fields of the APS (DPF 92) (Fermilab, Chicago).
173. Seligman, W. G., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1213. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79. 1213
174. Signal, A. I., and A. W. Thomas, 1987, Phys. Lett. B 191, 205. 10.1016/0370-2693(87)91348-7
175. Signal, A. I., and A. W. Thomas, 1989, Phys. Rev. D 40, 2832. 10.1103/PhysRevD.40.2832
176. Souder, P., 2008, Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS 2008) (Sciencewise, London).
177. Speth, J., and A. W. Thomas, 1997, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 24, 83. 10.1007/0-306-47073-X-2
178. Stephenson, E. J., 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 142302. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.142302
179. Sterman, G., (CTEQ), 1995, Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 157. 10.1103/RevModPhys. 67.157
180. Sutton, P. J., A. D. Martin, R. G. Roberts, and W. J. Stirling, 1992, Phys. Rev. D 45, 2349. 10.1103/PhysRevD.45.2349
181. Thomas, A. W., 1983, Phys. Lett. 126B, 97. 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90026-6
182. Thorne, R., 2008, private communication.
183. Thorne, R. S., and R. G. Roberts, 1998, Phys. Lett. B 421, 303. 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01580-3
184. Towell, R. S., (FNAL E866/NuSea), 2001, Phys. Rev. D 64, 052002. 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.052002
185. Tung, W. K., 2007, J. High Energy Phys. 02, 053. 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/ 02/053
186. van der Steenhoven, G., 1996a, NIKHEF Report No. nIKHEF-96-026.
187. van der Steenhoven, G., 1996b, Workshop on Future Physics at HERA (DESY, Hamburg).
188. van Kolck, U., J. A. Niskanen, and G. A. Miller, 2000, Phys. Lett. B 493, 65. 10.1016/S0370-2693(00)01133-3
189. Whitlow, L. W., E. M. Riordan, S. Dasu, S. Rock, and A. Bodek, 1992, Phys. Lett. B 282, 475. 10.1016/0370-2693(92)90672-Q
190. Whitlow, L. W., S. Rock, A. Bodek, E. M. Riordan, and S. Dasu, 1990, Phys. Lett. B 250, 193. 10.1016/0370-2693(90)91176-C
191. Yang, U.-K., (CCFR/NuTeV), 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2742. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.2742
192. Young, R. D., R. D. Carlini, A. W. Thomas, and J. Roche, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 122003. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.122003
193. Zeller, G. P., (NuTeV), 2002a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 091802. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.091802
194. Zeller, G. P., (NuTeV), 2002b, Phys. Rev. D 65, 111103. 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.111103
195. Zhu, L. Y., (FNAL E866/NuSea), 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 062301. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.062301