"Give me some sugar!" The diabetes self-management activities of african-american primary caregiving grandmothers

Journal of Nursing Scholarship

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 330-337

  Carthron, Dana L ^a   Johnson, Tiny Marie ^b   Hubbart, Tara D ^b   Strickland, Courtney ^c   Nance, Kimya ^a  

^a WINSTON SALEM STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Caregiving; Diabetes; Grandmothers; Orem's Self Care Deficit Theory of Nursing; Self management

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; CAREGIVER; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DIABETIC DIET; ETHNOLOGY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; NURSING METHODOLOGY RESEARCH; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF CARE; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WORKLOAD;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; ARKANSAS; BLOOD GLUCOSE SELF-MONITORING; CAREGIVERS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC DIET; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS; MIDDLE AGED; NURSING METHODOLOGY RESEARCH; SELF CARE; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; WOMEN; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WORKLOAD;

EID: 77956124362     PISSN: 15276546     EISSN: 15475069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01336.x     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2009. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(1):S13-S61. American Diabetes Association
2. Baker L, Denyes M. Predictors of self-care in adolescents with cystic fibrosis: A test of Orem's theories of self-care and self-care deficit. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2008, 23(1):37-48.
3. Balukonis J, D'Eramo Melkus G, Chyun D. Grandparenthood status and health outcomes in midlife African-American women with type 2 diabetes. Ethnicity & Disease 2008, 18(2):141-146.
4. Brancati F, Kao L, Folsom A, Watson R, Szklo M. Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in African-American and white adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000, 283:2253-2259.
5. Butler F, Zakari N. Grandparents parenting grandchildren. Assessing health status, parental stress, and social supports. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 2005, 31(3):43-54.
6. Caliandro G, Hughes C. The experience of being a grandmother who is the primary caregiver for her HIV-positive grandchild. Nursing Research 1998, 47(2):107-113.
7. Campbell M, Hudson M, Resnicow K, Blakenly N, Paxton A, Baskin M. Church-based health promotion interventions: Evidence and lessons learned. Annual Review of Public Health 2007, 28:213-234.
8. Cawthrone A. Center for American Progress. Elderly poverty: The challenge before us 2008, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/07/elderly_poverty.html, Retrieved March 18, 2009, from
9. Dowdell EB. Grandmother caregivers and caregiver burden. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 2004, 29(5):299-304.
10. Gary T, Crum R, Cooper-Patrick L, Ford D, Brancati F. Depressive symptoms and metabolic control in African-Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000, 23(1):23-29.
11. Goodman CC. Intergenerational triads in grandparent-headed families. Journal of Gerontology 2003, 58B(5):S281-S289.
12. Inglis V, Ball K, Crawford D. Socioeconomic variations in women's diets: What is the role of perceptions of the local food environment?. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008, 62:191-197.
13. Kicklighter J, Whitley D, Kelley S, Shipskie S, Taube J, Berry R. Grandparent raising grandchildren: A response to a nutrition and physical activity intervention. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2007, 107(7):1210-1213.
14. Lee S, Colditz G, Berkman L, Kawachi I. Caregiving and risk of coronary heart disease in U.S. women: A prospective study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2003, 24(2):113-119.
15. Martineau P, Wiegand S. Women at war 2005, http://www.ngwrc.org/index.cfm?page=Article&ID=1972, Retrieved August 31, 2008, from
16. Minkler M, Roe K, Price M. The physical and emotional health of grandmothers raising grandchildren in the crack cocaine epidemic. The Gerontologist 1992, 32:752-760.
17. Musil C, Ahmad M. Health of grandmothers: A comparison by caregiver status. Journal of Aging & Health 2002, 14(1):96-121.
18. Orem D. Self-care deficit nursing theory. Nursing concepts of practice 2001, 6th ed., St. Louis, MO, Mosby
19. Roe K, Minkler M, Saunders F, Thomson G. Health of grandmothers raising children of the crack cocaine epidemic. Medical Care 1996, 34(11):1072-1084.
20. Ruiz D. Custodian African American grandmothers: Reasons for caregiving and assumption of the caregiver role. African American Research Perspectives 2004, 10(1):152-159.
21. Samuel-Hodge C, Headen S, Skelley A, Ingram A, Keyserling T, Jackson E. Influences on day-to-day self-management of type 2 diabetes among African-American women: Spirituality, the multi-caregiver role, and other social context factors. Diabetes Care 2000, 23(7):928-933.
22. Samuel-Hodge C, Keyserling T, France R, Ingram A, Johnston L, Pullen-Davis L. A church-based diabetes self-management education program for African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Preventing Chronic Disease 2006, 3(3):1-16.
23. Suhl E, Bonsignore P. Diabetes self-management education for older adults: General principles and practical application. Diabetes Spectrum 2006, 19:234-240.
24. Grandparents living with grandchildren: 2000 2003, http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs.html#sr, U.S. Census Bureau, Retrieved February 12, 2008, from
25. Children and the households they live in: 2000 2004, http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs.html#sr, U.S. Census Bureau, Retrieved September 3, 2008, from
26. Complications of diabetes 2002, http://www.fda.gov/diabetes/related.html, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Retrieved July 8, 2009, from
27. Weinstein N, Takas M. The ties that bind: Parental substance abuse and kinship care 2001, New York, Phoenix House, Children of Alcoholics Foundation
28. Whitley D, Kelley S, Sipe T. Grandmothers raising grandchildren: Are they at increased risk of health problems?. Health & Social Work 2001, 26(2):105-114.
29. Wu H. A case study of type 2 diabetes self-management. Biomedical Engineering Online 2005, 4. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=546416, Retrieved from