An overhaul of the species-area approach for predicting biodiversity loss: Incorporating matrix and edge effects

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 47, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1063-1070

  Koh, Lian Pin ^a   Lee, Tien Ming ^b,c   Sodhi, Navjot S ^d   Ghazoul, Jaboury ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Biodiversity crisis; Countryside biogeography; Equilibrium theory; Forest regeneration; Power model; Reconciliation ecology; Succession; Win win ecology

Indexed keywords

AKAIKE INFORMATION CRITERION; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION PLANNING; DEFORESTATION; EDGE EFFECT; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; EXTINCTION RISK; HABITAT LOSS; LAND USE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; REGENERATION; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; SUCCESSION;

AVES; MAMMALIA;

EID: 77956120361     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01860.x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Arrhenius O. Distribution of the species over the area. Meddelanden fran K. Vetenskapsakademiens Nobelinstitut 1920, 4:1-6.
2. Brook BW, Sodhi NS, Ng PKL. Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature 2003, 424:420-423.
3. Brooks TM, Balmford A. Atlantic forest extinctions. Nature 1996, 380:115.
4. Brooks TM, Pimm SL, Collar NJ. Deforestation predicts the number of threatened birds in insular Southeast Asia. Conservation Biology 1997, 11:382-394.
5. Brooks TM, Pimm SL, Oyugi JO. Time lag between deforestation and bird extinction in tropical forest fragments. Conservation Biology 1999, 13:1140-1150.
6. Brooks TM, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Rylands AB, Konstant WR, Flick P, Pilgrim J, Oldfield S, Magin G, Hilton-Taylor C. Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 2002, 16:909-923.
7. Buchanan GM, Nelson A, Mayaux P, Hartley A, Donald PF. Delivering a global, terrestrial, biodiversity observation system through remote sensing. Conservation Biology 2008, 23:499-502.
8. Burgman MA, Ferson S, Akcakaya HR. Risk Assessment in Conservation Biology 1993, Chapman and Hall, London, UK
9. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model Selection and Inference: An Information-Theoretic Approach 1998, Springer, New York, NY, USA
10. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociological Methods and Research 2004, 33:261-304.
11. Daily GC, Ehrlich PR, Sanchez-Azofeifa GA. Countryside biogeography: utilization of human dominated habitats by the avifauna of southern Costa Rica. Ecological Applications 2001, 11:1-13.
12. Dengler J. Which function describes the species-area relationship best? A review and empirical evaluation. Journal of Biogeography 2009, 36:728-744.
13. GlobCover Land Cover V2.2 2008, http://ionia1.esrin.esa.int, ESA, ESA, Paris, Available at: (accessed on February 2010)
14. GLC 2000: Global Land Cover Mapping for the Year 2000 2002, http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/glc2000/glc2000.php, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Available at: (accessed on February 2010)
15. Gascon C, Lovejoy TE, Bierregaard RO, Malcolm JR, Stouffer PC, Vasconcelos HL, Laurance WF, Zimmerman B, Tocher M, Borges S. Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants. Biological Conservation 1999, 91:223-229.
16. Ghazoul J, Butler RA, Mateo-Vega J, Koh LP. REDD: a reckoning of environment and development implications. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2010, 25:396-402.
17. Gilbert FS. The equilibrium theory of island biogeography: fact or fiction? Journal of Biogeography 1980, 7:209-235.
18. Hanski I. Single-species metapopulation dynamics: concepts, models and observations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 1991, 42:17-38.
19. Hanski I. Metapopulation dynamics. Nature 1998, 396:41-49.
20. Hoekstra JM, Boucher TM, Ricketts TH, Roberts C. Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters 2005, 8:23-29.
21. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1 2001, IUCN, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
22. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008, http://www.redlist.org, IUCN, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, Available at: (accessed on February 2010
23. Jules ES, Shahani P. A broader ecological context to habitat fragmentation: why matrix habitat is more important than we thought. Journal of Vegetation Science 2003, 14:459-464.
24. Kerr JT, Ostrovsky M. From space to species: ecological applications for remote sensing. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2003, 18:299-305.
25. Koh LP, Ghazoul J. A matrix-calibrated species-area model for predicting biodiversity losses due to land-use change. Conservation Biology 2010a, 24:994-1001.
26. Koh LP, Ghazoul J. Spatially explicit scenario analysis for reconciling agricultural expansion, forest protection, and carbon conservation in Indonesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010b, 107:11140-11144.
27. Laurance WF. Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: application of a model for the design of nature reserves. Biological Conservation 1991, 57:205-219.
28. Laurance WF. Theory meets reality: how habitat fragmentation research has transcended island biogeographic theory. Biological Conservation 2008, 141:1731-1744.
29. Laurance WF, Yensen R. Predicting the impacts of edge effects in fragmented habitats. Biological Conservation 1991, 55:77-92.
30. Laurance WF, Albernaz AKM, Schroth G, Fearnside PM, Bergen S, Venticinque EM, Da Costa C. Predictors of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Biogeography 2002, 29:737-748.
31. Lee TM, Jetz W. Future battlegrounds for conservation under global change. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 2008, 275:1261-1270.
32. MacArthur RH, Wilson EO. The Theory of Island Biogeography 1967, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA
33. McCarthy MA, Lindenmayer DB. Incorporating metapopulation dynamics of Greater Gliders into reserve design in disturbed landscapes. Ecology 1999, 80:651-667.
34. Murcia C. Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 1995, 10:58-62.
35. Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 2000, 403:853-858.
36. Nepstad DC, Carvalho G, Barros AC, Alencar A, Capobianco J, Bishop J, Moutinho P, Lefebvre P, Silva UJ. Road paving, fire regime feedbacks, and the future of Amazon forests. Forest Ecology and Management 2001, 154:295-407.
37. Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, Burgess ND, Powell GVN, Underwood EC, D'amico JA, Itoua I, Strand HE, Morrison JC, Loucks CJ, Allnutt TF, Ricketts TH, Kura Y, Lamoreux JF, Wettengel WW, Hedao P, Kassem KR. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on earth. BioScience 2001, 51:933-938.
38. Perfecto I, Vandermeer J. Quality of agroecological matrix in a tropical montane landscape: ants in coffee plantations in southern Mexico. Conservation Biology 2002, 16:174-182.
39. Pimm SL, Russell GJ, Gittleman J, Brooks TM. The future of biodiversity. Science 1995, 269:347-350.
40. Ricketts TH. The matrix matters: effective isolation in fragmented landscapes. The American Naturalist 2001, 158:87-99.
41. Rosenzweig ML. Species Diversity in Space and Time 1995, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
42. Simberloff DS, Abele LG. Island biogeography theory and conservation practice. Science 1976, 191:285-286.
43. Tilman D, May RM, Lehman CL, Nowak MA. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature 1994, 371:65-66.
44. Tjørve E. Shapes and functions of species-area curves: a review of possible models. Journal of Biogeography 2003, 30:827-835.
45. Turner W, Spector S, Gardiner N, Fladeland M, Sterling E, Steininger M. Remote sensing for biodiversity science and conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2003, 18:306-314.
46. Umetsu F, Metzger JP, Pardini R. Importance of estimating matrix quality for modeling species distribution in complex tropical landscapes: a test with Atlantic forest small mammals. Ecography 2008, 31:359-370.
47. Watling JI, Donnelly MA. Fragment as islands: a synthesis of faunal responses to habitat patchiness. Conservation Biology 2006, 20:1016-1025.
48. WildFinder: Online Database of Species Distributions. Version 01.06 2006, http://gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/, WWF, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA, Available at: (accessed on February 2010)