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Volumn 55, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 442-449

Nuclear fission, today and tomorrow: From renaissance to technological breakthrough (Generation IV) - Part I

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EID: 77956049778     PISSN: 14315254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (2)

References (22)
  • 1
    • 77956016685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blog site
    • Blog site: http://societe-jules-verne. blogspot.com/
  • 3
    • 77956053725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • package : The European Council of 8 and 9 March 2007 committed the EU to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20 % by 2020 compared to 1990 levels, stressed the necessity to increase energy efficiency in order to save 20 % of the EU's energy consumption compared to 2020 projections, and approved a binding ratio of 20 % of renewable energies in total EU energy consumption by the same year
    • "Climate action - Energy for a Changing World" package : http://ec.europa.eu/ climateaction/ The European Council of 8 and 9 March 2007 committed the EU to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20 % by 2020 compared to 1990 levels, stressed the necessity to increase energy efficiency in order to save 20 % of the EU's energy consumption compared to 2020 projections, and approved a binding ratio of 20 % of renewable energies in total EU energy consumption by the same year.
    • Climate Action - Energy for A Changing World
  • 6
    • 77956051839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • as of June 2009, the SNE-TP consists of 75 Members from 19 countries (EU + CH)
    • http://www.snetp.eu/-as of June 2009, the SNE-TP consists of 75 Members from 19 countries (EU + CH)
  • 7
    • 77956029239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • as of March 2009, the ENEN Association has 51 members in 20 countries
    • http://www.enen-assoc.org/ - as of March 2009, the ENEN Association has 51 members in 20 countries
  • 8
    • 77956027154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On 8 December 1953, the President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, delivered a speech at the General Assembly of the United Nations, aiming at peaceful utilization of nuclear energy
    • On 8 December 1953, the President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, delivered a speech at the General Assembly of the United Nations, aiming at peaceful utilization of nuclear energy.
  • 9
    • 77956027153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BR3 facility was successively selected in 1989 as a European pilot plant facility for Euratom R&D on decommissioning technologies and problems such as the minimization and realistic assessment of costs, doses and waste production, the development and demonstration of dismantling strategies and techniques for PWRs
    • The BR3 facility was successively selected in 1989 as a European pilot plant facility for Euratom R&D on decommissioning technologies and problems such as the minimization and realistic assessment of costs, doses and waste production, the development and demonstration of dismantling strategies and techniques for PWRs.
  • 10
    • 77956051073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.areva.com/EN/global-offer419/epr-reactor-one-of-the-most- powerful-in-the-world.html
  • 11
    • 77956015832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In 2009, the GIF had ten active members: USA, Canada, France, Japan, South Africa, the Republic of South Korea, Switzerland, Euratom, China and the Russian Federation
    • In 2009, the GIF had ten active members: USA, Canada, France, Japan, South Africa, the Republic of South Korea, Switzerland, Euratom, China and the Russian Federation - http://www.gen-4. org/
  • 12
    • 80052256377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Vienna): general website
    • -IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna): general website http:// www.iaea.org/About/index.html and INPRO website http://www.iaea. org/INPRO/
    • IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency
  • 14
    • 77956045015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MOX fuel is made of a mixture of Pu and depleted U oxides (the U that results from enrichment operations is depleted in the isotope 235)
    • The MOX fuel is made of a mixture of Pu and depleted U oxides (the U that results from enrichment operations is depleted in the isotope 235).
  • 15
    • 77956024380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Front end of the fuel cycle: in particular, uranium purchase (e.g., Shinkolobwe mine in Katanga, Congo), conversion and enrichment as well as fuel fabrication (Belgonucléaire, capacity of up to 150t U/year in 1971)
    • Front end of the fuel cycle: in particular, uranium purchase (e.g., Shinkolobwe mine in Katanga, Congo), conversion and enrichment as well as fuel fabrication (Belgonucléaire, capacity of up to 150t U/year in 1971).
  • 16
    • 77956040580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back end of the fuel cycle: in particular, nuclear fuel reprocessing (Eurochemic plant in Dessel, a joint OECD project that operated from 1966 to 1974) and geological disposal (HADES). In 1974, a R&D programme was started on waste storage in deep geological clay formations. In 1980, the construction of HADES was started (High Activity Disposal Experimental Site) at SCK-CEN Mol, a laboratory at a depth of 225 m, to perform hydro-geological and physico-chemical research
    • Back end of the fuel cycle: in particular, nuclear fuel reprocessing (Eurochemic plant in Dessel, a joint OECD project that operated from 1966 to 1974) and geological disposal (HADES). In 1974, a R&D programme was started on waste storage in deep geological clay formations. In 1980, the construction of HADES was started (High Activity Disposal Experimental Site) at SCK-CEN Mol, a laboratory at a depth of 225 m, to perform hydro-geological and physico-chemical research.
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    • 84880939647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment and recycling of spent nuclear fuel / Actinide partitioning - Application to waste management
    • "Treatment and recycling of spent nuclear fuel / Actinide partitioning - Application to waste management" / CEA Nuclear Energy Division Monograph: http://nucleaire.cea.fr/
    • CEA Nuclear Energy Division Monograph
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    • 77956041242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • th, loaded with several tons of TRUs and coupled with a 30 MW proton accelerator. It will be able to transmute up to 250 kg HM/year of MAs, which corresponds to the amount of MAs produced in 10 LWR units of 1 GWe
    • th, loaded with several tons of TRUs and coupled with a 30 MW proton accelerator. It will be able to transmute up to 250 kg HM/year of MAs, which corresponds to the amount of MAs produced in 10 LWR units of 1 GWe.
  • 19
    • 77956043199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • the European Utility Requirement (EUR) association consists of 12 electrical utilities interested by LWRs of the Generation III type
    • the "European Utility Requirement" (EUR) association consists of 12 electrical utilities interested by LWRs of the Generation III type - http://www.europeanutilityrequirements.org/
  • 20
    • 77956036443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION COSTS Research Report EN A56
    • COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION COSTS (2008), Tarjanne Risto, Kivistö Aija, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Research Report EN A56 https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/39685/isbn9789522145 888. pdf
    • (2008) Tarjanne Risto, Kivistö Aija, Lappeenranta University of Technology
  • 21
    • 77956040376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right after shutdown the heating rate of the reactor is about 7 % of the full power rate, and then as the radioactivity decays away, the decay heat decreases; in a few hours it's less than 1 %, and it keeps going down ... Even 1 % of full power is a lot of heat, and if you don't remove that heat it's surely enough to overheat the fuel and melt it, and therein lies the problem that the reactor safety analyst must face - to assure himself that the heat produced by these decaying fission products is reduced, is removed for periods of weeks or months..." Reactor Safety Study (WASH-1400) / (commonly known as the Rasmussen Report) published by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1974
    • "Right after shutdown the heating rate of the reactor is about 7 % of the full power rate, and then as the radioactivity decays away, the decay heat decreases; in a few hours it's less than 1 %, and it keeps going down ... "Even 1 % of full power is a lot of heat, and if you don't remove that heat it's surely enough to overheat the fuel and melt it, and therein lies the problem that the reactor safety analyst must face - to assure himself that the heat produced by these decaying fission products is reduced, is removed for periods of weeks or months..." Reactor Safety Study (WASH-1400) / (commonly known as the Rasmussen Report) published by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1974; http://www.ccnr.org/rasmussen. html


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.