Low-level responsive states

Brain Injury Treatment: Theories and Practices

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 117-143

  León Carrión, José ^a   Domínguez Morales, María D R ^b   Domínguez Roldán, José M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE   (Spain)

^b Center for Brain Injury Rehabilitation CRECER   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DEL ROCÍO   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955900633     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203965238     Document Type: Chapter

References (62)

1. Jennett, B. (1993). Mental incapacity and medical treatment. Lancet, 3(342), 8862.
2. Zasler, N. D. (1993). Some aspects of the humoral and neutrophil functions in post-comatose unawareness patient. Brain Injury, 7, 379-381.
3. Schalén, W., Sonenson, B., Messeter, K., Norstrom, G., & Nordstrom, C. H. (1992). Clinical outcome and cognitive impairment in patients with severe head injuries treated with barbiturate coma. Acta Neurochir., 117, 153-159.
4. Jennett, B., & Dyer, C. (1991). Persistent vegetative state and the right to die: the United States and Britain. Br. Med. J., 302, 1256-1258.
5. Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet, 13(2), 81-84.
6. Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1976). Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury. Acta Neurochir., 34(1-4), 45-55.
7. Mullie, A., Verstringe, P., Buylaert, W., et al. (1988). Predictive value of Glasgow coma score for awakening after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Cerebral Resuscitation Study Group of the Belgian Society for Intensive Care. Lancet, 23(1), 137-140.
8. León-Carrión, J. (1994). Brain injury: Guide for family members and caretakers. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
9. Marshall, L. F. (1991). Evoked potentials: a decade later. Crit. Care. Med., 19(11), 1337.
10. Nagib, M. G., Rockswold, G. L., Sherman, R. S., & Lagaard, M. W. (1986). Civilian gunshot wounds to the brain: prognosis and management. Neurosurgery, 18(5), 533-537.
11. Aldrich, E. F., Eisenberg, H. M., Saydjari, C., et al. (1992). Predictors of mortality in severely head-injured patients with civilian gunshot wounds: a report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank. Surg. Neurol., 38(6), 418-423.
12. Tanhenco, J., & Kaplan, P. E. (1982). Physical and surgical examination of patient after 6-year coma. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 63, 36-38.
13. Groswasser, Z., Cohen, M., & Costeff, H. (1989). Rehabilitation outcome after anoxic brain damage. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 70, 186-188.
14. Sazbon, L., & Groswasser, Z. (1990). Outcome in 134 patients with prolonged posttraumatic unawareness. Part 1: Parameters determining late recovery of consciousness. J. Neurosurg., 72(1), 75-80.
15. Bates, D. (1991). Defining prognosis in medical coma. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry., 54(7), 569-571.
16. Lombardi, F., Taricco, M., De Tanti, A., Telaro, E., & Liberati, A. (2002). Sensory stimulation for brain injured individuals in coma or vegetative state. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD001427, 8.
17. Pierce, J. P., Lyle, D. M., Quine, S., Evans, N. J., Morris, J., & Fearnside, M. R. (1990). The effectiveness of coma arousal intervention. Brain Inj., 4, 191-197.
18. Wood, R. L., Winkowski, T. B., Miller, J. L., Tierney, L., & Goldman, L. (1992). Evaluating sensory regulation as a method to improve awareness patients with altered states of consciousness: a pilot study. Brain. Inj., 6, 411-418.
19. Mitchell, S., Bradley, V. A., Welch, J. L., & Britton, P. G. (1990). Coma arousal procedure: a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of head injury. Brain. Inj., 4, 273-279.
20. Helwick, L. D. (1994). Stimulation programs for coma patients. Crit. Care Nurs., 14, 47-52.
21. Mazaux, J. M., De Sèze, M., Joseph, P. A., & Barat, M. (2001). Early rehabilitation after severe brain injury: a French perspective. J. Rehabil. Med., 33, 99-109.
22. Bernard, S. A., Gray, T. W., Buist, M. D., et al. (2002). Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N. Engl. J. Med., 346, 557-563.
23. Lippert-Grüner, M., Wedekind, C., Ernestus, R. I., & Klug, N. (2002). Early rehabilitative concepts in therapy of the comatose brain injured patients. Acta Neurochir. Suppl., 79, 21-23.
24. Jennett, B., & Plum, F. (1972). The persistent vegetative state: a syndrome in search of a name. Lancet, 1, 734-737.
25. Domínguez-Morales, M. R., & León-Carrión, J. (2001). Impact of treatments in the economical compensation of brain injury patients. Revist. Española Neuropsicol., 3(1-2), 77-84.
26. Talar, J. (2002). Rehabilitation outcome in a patient awakened from prolonged coma. Med. Sci. Monit., 8, CS31-CS38.
27. Cohadon, F., & Richer, E. (1983). Course and outcome of severe traumatic coma. Neurochirurgie, 29, 303-325.
28. Johnstone, B., & Bouman, D. E. (1992). Anoxic encephalopathy: a case study of an eight-year-old male with no residual cognitive deficits. Int. J. Neurosci., 62, 207-213.
29. Van de Kelft, E., Candon, E., Couchet, P., Frèrebeau, P., & Daures, J. P. (1995). Early restructuration of consciousness after traumatic coma. Acta Neurol. Belg., 95, 88-91.
30. Ross, B. L., Temkim, N. R., Newell, D., & Dikmen, S. S. (1994). Neuro-psychological outcome in relation to head injury severity. Contributions of coma length and focal abnormalities. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 73, 341-347.
31. Macpherson, V., Sullivan, S. J., & Lambert, J. (1992). Prediction of motor status 3 and 6 months post severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Brain Inj., 6, 489-498.
32. Stover, S. L., & Zeiger, H. E. (1976). Head injury in children and teenagers; functional recovery correlated with the duration of coma. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 57, 201-205.
33. Wade, D. T., & Johnston, C. (1999). The permanent vegetative state: practical guidance on diagnosis and management. Br. Med. J., 25(319), 841-844.
34. Jennett, B. (1996). Epidemiology of head injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 60(4), 362-369.
35. Zeithofer, O., Steiner, M., Oder, W., Obergottsberger, S., Mayr, N., & Deecke, L. (1991). The prognostic value of evoked potentials in early neurologic rehabilitation of patients with the apallic syndrome. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb., 22, 10-14.
36. Andrews, K. (1993). Patients in the persistent vegetative state: problems in their long-term management. Br. Med. J., 306, 6892.
37. Jennett, B. (2002). The vegetative state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38. Passler, M. A., & Riggs, R. V. (2001). Positive outcomes in traumatic brain injuryvegetative state: patients treated with bromocriptine. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 82, 311-315.
39. Kaelin, D. L., Cifu, D. X., & Matthies, B. (1996). Methylphenidate effect on attention deficit in the acutely brain-injured adult. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 77, 6-9.
40. Wolf, A. P., & Gleckman, A. D. (1995). Sinemet and brain injury: functional versus statistical change and suggestions for future research designs. Brain Inj., 9, 487-493.
41. Haig, A. J., & Ruess, J. M. (1990). Recovery from vegetative state of six months' duration associated with Sinemet (levadopa/carbidopa). Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 71, 1081-1083.
42. Meythaler, J. M., Brunner, R. C., Johnson, A., & Novack, T. A. (2002). Amantadine to improve neurorecovery in traumatic brain injury-associated diffuse axonal injury: a pilot double-blind randomized trial. J. Head Trauma Rehabil., 17, 300-313.
43. Macchio, G. J., Ito, V., & Sahgal, V. (1993). Amantadine-induced coma. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 74, 1119-1120.
44. Schneider, W. N., Drew-Cates, J., Wong, T. M., & Dombovy, M. L. (1999). Cognitive and behavioral efficacy of amantadine in acute traumatic brain injury: an initial double-blind placebo-controlled study. Brain Inj., 13, 863-872.
45. Minderhound, J. M., & Braakman, R. (1985). Het vegeterende bestaan. Nederlandes Tijdsch. Geneskunde, 129, 2385-2388.
46. Andrews, K. (1993). Recovery of patients after four months or more in the persistent vegetative state. Br. Med. J. 306, 1597-1600.
47. Najeson, T., Sazbon, L., Fiselzon, J., Becker, E., & Schechter, I. (1978). Recovery of communicative functions after prolonged traumatic coma. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med., 10, 15-21.
48. Heindl, U. T., & Laub, M. C. (1996). Outcome of persistent vegetative state following hypoxic or traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics, 27, 94-100.
49. Sazbon, L., Zagreba, F., Ronen, J., Solzi, P., & Costeff, H. (1993). Course and outcome of patients in vegetative state of nontraumatic aetiology. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry., 56, 407-409.
50. Plum, F., & Posner, J. B. (1972). Diagnosis of stupor and of coma. Contemp. Neurol. Ser., 10 1-286.
51. León-Carrión, J., Van Eeckaout, P., Pérez-Santamaría, F. J., & Domínguez-Morales, M. R. (2002). The locked-in syndrome: a syndrome looking for a therapy. Review of subjects. Brain Inj., 15(5), 60-72.
52. León-Carrión, J., Van Eeckaout, P., & Domínguez-Morales, M. R. (2002). The locked-in syndrome: a syndrome looking for a therapy survey. Brain Inj., 15(5), 1-12.
53. Thajeb, P., Lie, L. K., & Chang, T. R. (1993). Types of basilar artery syndrome: clinicoradiologic correlation. Angiology, 44, 368-375.
54. Giacino, J. T., Ashwal, S., Childs, N., et al. (2002). The minimally conscious state: definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology, 58(3), 349-353.
55. Giacino, J. T., & Kalmar, K. (1997). The vegetative and minimally conscious states: a comparison of clinical features and functional outcomes. J. Head Trauma Rehab., 12(4), 36-51.
56. Ackerman, H., & Ziegler, W. (1995). Akinetic mutism - a review of the literature. Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiat., 63(2), 59-67.
57. Hazouard, E., Legras, A., Corcia, P., et al. (1998). Significance of single photon emission computed tomography and akinetic mutism. Rev. Neurol., 154(12), 856-858.
58. Nemeth, G., Hegedus, K., & Molnar, L. (1986). Akinetic mutism associated with bicingular lesions: clinicopathological and functional anatomical correlates. Eur. Arch. Psychiat. Neurol. Sci., 237, 218-222.
59. Canedo, A., Grix, M. C., & Nicoletti, J. (2002). An analysis of assessment instruments for the minimally responsive patient (MRP): clinical observations. Brain Inj., 16, 453-461.
60. Cairns, H., Olfield, R. C., Pennybacker, J. B., & Whitteridge, D. (1941). Akinetic mutism with an epidermoid cyst of the 3rd ventricle. Brain, 64, 273-280.
61. Berrol, C. (1990). Dance/movement therapy in head injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj., 4(3), 257-265.
62. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. (1990). Persistent Vegetive State and the Decision to Withdraw or Withhold Life Support, JAMA 263, (3): 426-30.