Harmonization of health data at national level: A pilot study in China

International Journal of Medical Informatics

Volumn 79, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 450-458

  Liu, Danhong ^a   Wang, Xia ^a   Pan, Feng ^a   Yang, Peng ^a   Xu, Yongyong ^a   Tang, Xuejun ^b   Hu, Jianping ^b   Rao, Keqin ^b  

^a FOURTH MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b BEIJING HOSPITAL   (China)

Author keywords

Data element; Data model; Electronic health record; Health data; Metadata; Standard

Indexed keywords

BOTTOM-UP STRATEGY; CONCEPTUAL DATA MODELS; DATA CONSISTENCY; DATA ELEMENTS; DATA HARMONIZATION; DATA ITEMS; DATA STANDARDS; DOMAIN EXPERTS; DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE; ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD; FIELD INVESTIGATION; HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS; HEALTH DATA; HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS; HEALTH RECORDS; HEALTH SERVICES; HEALTHCARE PROCESS; INFORMATION STANDARDS; ISO/IEC; MASSIVE QUANTITIES; MEDICAL INFORMATION; METADATA REGISTRY; NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES; NATIONAL LEVEL; PILOT STUDIES; SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; STANDARD DEVELOPMENT;

DATA STRUCTURES; HEALTH CARE; METADATA; MODELS; RECORDS MANAGEMENT; STANDARDIZATION; STANDARDS;

HEALTH;

ARTICLE; CHINA; DATA EXTRACTION; DISEASE CONTROL; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD; HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; MEDICAL INFORMATICS; MEDICAL INFORMATION; NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE; PATIENT CARE; PILOT STUDY; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; REGISTER; SPECIALIZATION; FEMALE; INFANT; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PUBLIC HEALTH; STANDARD;

CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHINA; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MEDICAL RECORDS SYSTEMS, COMPUTERIZED; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; PILOT PROJECTS;

EID: 77955891597     PISSN: 13865056     EISSN: 18728243     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.03.002     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China. The State Council approved the final draft of the long-awaited healthcare reform. Available at: Accessed January 25, 2009. http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/mohbgt/s3582/200901/38889.htm.
2. Liu D., Wang X., Pan F., et al. Web-based infectious disease reporting using XML forms. Int. J. Med. Inform. 2008, 77:630-640.
3. P. Schloeffel, Current EHR Developments: an Australian and International Perspective. Part 2. Available at: (accessed June 2, 2009). http://www.hinz.org.nz/journal/2004/09/Current-EHR-Developments-an-Australian-and-International-Perspective-Part-2/899.
4. Canada Health Infoway, EHRS Blueprint-an Interoperable EHR Framework, V1.0, July 2003, Available at: (accessed March 2, 2008). http://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/.
5. ISO/TS 18308:2004, Health Informatics-Requirements for an Electronic Health Record Architecture.
6. M. Eichelberg, T. Aden, J. Riesmeier, A Survey and Analysis of Electronic Healthcare Record Standards. Available at: (accessed March 8, 2009). http://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/webpage/projects/ride/publications/EichelbergAdenDogacLaleci.pdf.
7. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China, Regulation on Reporting and Administration of National Public Health Emergent Event Relevant Information (in Chinese). Available at: (accessed March 30, 2009). http://www.chinacdc.cn/n272442/n272530/n275462/n275477/n292891/appendix/050929tufafawen129.pdf.
8. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China National Regulations on Maternal Health Care Surveys 2007, Publishing House of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing.
9. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of People's Republic of China. Criterion of Medical Record (in Chinese). Available at: (accessed May 21, 2008). http://www.med66.com/html/2006%255C1%255Chu56818547111160022408.html.
10. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China National Regulations on Surveys of Disease Prevention and Control 2007, Publishing House of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing.
11. Community Health Association of China A Series of Technical Criteria on Community Health Care 2008, Medical Publishing House of Peking University, Beijing.
12. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China, Basic Functional Specification of Hospital Information System (in Chinese). Available at: (accessed July 31, 2007). http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/7917.htm.
13. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China, Basic Functional Specification of Maternal healthcare Information System (in Chinese). Available at: (accessed May 21, 2009). http://www.chinawch.cn/bzgf/200806/t20080610_26317.htm.
14. Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China National Regulations on Health Statistical Surveys 2007, Publishing House of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing.
15. Canadian Institute for Health Information, Conceptual Health Data Model v2.3. Available at: (accessed May 21, 2009). http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/en/downloads/infostand_chdm_e_CHDMv2_31.pdf.
16. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Conceptual Data Model, Available at: (accessed June 5, 2009). http://www.cdc.gov/nedss/DataModels/phcdm.pdf.
17. NHS Data Model and Dictionary Service, Available at: (accessed December 4, 2008). http://www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk/datastandards/.
18. Health Level Seven, Inc., HL7 RIM, Available at: (accessed December 1, 2008). http://www.hl7.org/Library/data-model/RIM/modelpage_mem.htm.
19. EN/ISO 13606, Health Informatics-EHR Communications. http://www.centc251.org/.
20. T. Beale, S. Heard, D. Kalra. The openEHR Reference Model: EHR Information Model. Available at: (accessed April 1, 2009). http://www.openehr.org/releases/1.0.1/architecture/rm/ehr_im.pdf.
21. Dolin R.H., Alschuler L., Boyer S., et al. HL7 Clinical Document Architecture, Release 2. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 2006, 13:30-39.
22. Ferranti J.M., Musser R.C., Kawamoto K., et al. The Clinical Document Architecture and the Continuity of Care Record: a critical analysis. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 2006, 13:245-252.
23. ISO/IEC International standard, Information technology-Metadata registries (MDR). Part 3. Registry metamodel and basic attributes.
24. N.F. Natalya, D.L. McGuinness, Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, Available at: (accessed June 5, 2009). http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
25. The Protégé Ontology Editor and Knowledge Acquisition System, Available at: (accessed February 5, 2009). http://protege.stanford.edu/.
26. Health Level Seven, Inc., HL7 E-Learning Course-Limited Edition 2008-Unit 7-HL7 V3 INTRO: DATA TYPES. (accessed August 4, 2008). http://www.hl7.org/.
27. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, National health data dictionary Version 14, Available at: (accessed December 4, 2008). http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications.
28. Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes: Users Guide, Available at: (accessed February 10, 2009). http://loinc.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf.