The 2009 elections and Iran's changing political landscape

Orbis

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 400-412

  Kamrava, Mehran ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (Qatar)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955770525     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orbis.2010.04.006     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. For a discussion of the possibility of a U.S. attack on Iran at the time see, Mehran Kamrava, "The United States and Iran: A Dangerous but Contained Rivalry''. Middle East Institute Policy Brief, March 2008. Although the possibility of a U.S. attack on Iran has subsided substantially following the departure from office of President George W. Bush in January 2009, the threat of an Israeli attack on Iran, as of this writing at least, continues to be very real.
2. For discussion of Khamenei's religious and political views see, Mehran Kamrava. Iran's Intellectual Revolution. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 87-88.
3. The full text of the speech is available at the website of the Office of the Supreme Leader at www.leader.ir/langs/fa/index.php?p=bayanat&id=5613.
4. The archive of his speeches can be accessed at: www.leader.ir/langs/fa/index.php?p=bayanatArchive.
5. Kenneth Katzman. "Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses". Congressional Research Service. (May 19, 2009), p. 44
6. The 2006 National Security Strategy of the United States of America, issued by the White House, could not be more pointed in its warning about Iran: "We may face no greater challenge from a single country than from Iran ... we will continue to take all necessary measures to protect our national and economic security against the adverse effects of their bad conduct. The problems lie with the illicit behavior and dangerous ambition of the Iranian regime, not the legitimate aspirations and interests of the Iranian people. Our strategy is to block the threats posed by the regime while expanding our engagement and outreach to the people the regime is oppressing." The White House. National Security Strategy of the United States of America, 2006. (Washington, DC: The White House, 2006), pp. 20-21.
7. Jim Krane. City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism. (New York: St. Martin's, 2009).
8. Initially approved by the Majles, Kordan subsequently had to resign his post when it was revealed that his Oxford University degree was a forgery.
9. Ali Abootalebi. "Iran's Tenth Presidential Elections: Candidates, Issues, and Implications". Middle East Review of International Affairs. September 2009, p. 2.
10. See, for example, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HaEBTyueCs.
11. The video of the widely-watched debate between Ahmadinejad and Mousavi is available at www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5gGxwDPTTk.
12. Ali Ansari, et al. "Preliminary Analysis of the Voting Figures in Iran's 2009 Presidential Election." (London: Chatham House, June 21, 2009), p. 2. All the information in this paragraph comes from this report.
13. Nazlia Ftahi. "Iran's Top Cleric Sends Opposition a Clear Warning." International Herald Tribune. (September 12, 2009), p. 4
14. Homa Homayoun. "Prison Rape Ordeal of Boy who Dared to Defy Tehran Hardliners." The Times (London). (August 22, 2009), pp. 31, 32.
15. Suzanne Maloney. "Elections in Iran: A New Majlis and a Mandate for Reform". Middle East Policy, June 2000, pp. 59-66.
16. E'temad (Tehran). (September 19, 2009), pp. 1, 2.
17. Gareth Smyth. "Why Iran's Revolutionary Guards Mercilessly Crack Down". Christian Science Monitor. (August 6, 2009), p. 6.
18. For more on "mukhaberat states" see, Mehran Kamrava. "Non-Democratic States and Political Liberalization in the Middle East: A Structural Analysis". Third World Quarterly. March 1998, pp. 69-70.
19. Iason Athanasiadis. "Khomeini Ally Now Leads Iran Dissidents". Washington Times. August 17, 2009, p. 1.
20. Borzou Daragahi and Ramin Mostaghim. "Increased Threats Escalate Factional Disputes in Iran; Ex-Lawmakers Call for Inquiry on Khamenei," The Boston Globe. (August 15, 2009), p. 5.