Phaeochromocytoma: Diagnostic challenges for biochemical screening and diagnosis

Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 63, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 669-674

  Barron, Jeffrey ^a  

^a Labtests   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 O METHYLDOPAMINE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CATECHOLAMINE; METADRENALIN; TUMOR MARKER;

CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM; CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE; CHROMAFFIN GRANULE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; HUMAN; INCIDENTALOMA; NORADRENALIN RELEASE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; REVIEW; SCREENING TEST; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TUMOR DIAGNOSIS;

ADRENAL GLAND NEOPLASMS; CATECHOLAMINES; HUMANS; MASS SCREENING; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 77955754575     PISSN: 00219746     EISSN: 14724146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2009.071647     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Fogarty J, Engel C, Russo J, et al. Hypertension and pheochromocytoma testing: The association with anxiety disorders. Arch Fam Med 1994;3:55-60.
2. Bravo EL. Evolving concepts in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of phaeochromocytoma. Endocr Rev 1994;15:356-68.
3. Lenders JW, Keiser HR, Goldstein DS, et al. Plasma metanephrines in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:101-9.
4. Omura M, Saito J, Yamaguchi K, et al. Prospective study on the prevalence of secondary hypertension among hypertensive patients visiting a general outpatient clinic in Japan. Hypertens Res 2004;27:193-202. (Pubitemid 38489081)
5. McNeil AR, Blok BH, Koelmeyer TD, et al. Phaeochromocytomas discovered during coronial autopsies in Sydney, Melbourne and Auckland. Aust N Z J Med 2000;30:648-52.
6. Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, et al. The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and treatment. Endocr Rev 2004;25:309-40. (Pubitemid 38528713)
7. Lenders JWM, Pacak K, McClellan MW, et al. Biochemical diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. Which test is best? JAMA 2002;287:1427-34.
8. Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Walther MM, et al. Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: how to distinguish true- from false-positive test results. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2656-66. (Pubitemid 36724439)
9. Kudva YC, Sawka AM, Young WF Jr. Clinical review 164: The laboratory diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma: the Mayo Clinic experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4533-9.
10. Peaston RT, Weinkove C. Measurement of catecholamines and their metabolites. Ann Clin Biochem 2004;41:17-38.
11. Lenders JWM, Eisenhofer G, Mannelli M, et al. Phaeochromocytoma. Lancet 2005;366:665-75.
12. Plouin PF, Chatellier G, Fofol I, et al. Tumor recurrence and hypertension persistence after successful pheochromocytoma operation. Hypertension 1997;29:1133-9. (Pubitemid 27198222)
13. Goldstein RE, O'Neill JA Jr, Holcomb GW III, et al. Clinical experience over 48 years with pheochromocytoma. Ann Surg 1999;229:755-64.
14. Pacak K, Eisenhofer G, Ahlman H, et al. Pheochromocytoma: recommendations for clinical practice from the first international symposium. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2007;3:92-102. (Pubitemid 46146962)
15. Averbuch SD, Baylin SB, Chahinian AP, et al. Neoplasms of the neuroendocrine system. In: Holland JF, Frei E, Bast RC, et al, eds. Cancer medicine. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993:1153-80.
16. Eisenhofer G, Lenders JW, Lineham WM, et al. Plasma normetanephrine and metanephrine for detecting phaeochromocytoma in von Hipple-Lindau disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1872-9. (Pubitemid 29272667)
17. Eisenhofer G, Rundqvist B, Aneman A, et al. Regional release and removal of catecholamines and extraneuronal metabolism to metanephrines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995:80:3009-17.
18. Eisenhofer G, Keiser H, Friberg P, et al. Plasma metanephrines are markers of phaeochromocytoma produced by catechol-O-methyltransferase within tumours. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2175-85.
19. Eisenhofer G, Huynh T-T, Hiroi M, et al. Understanding catecholamine metabolism as a guide to the biochemical diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. Rev in Endocrine Metab disorders 2001;2:297-311. (Pubitemid 33640579)
20. Crout JR, Sjoerdsma A. Turnover and metabolism of catecholamines in patients with phaeochromocytoma. J Clin Invest 1964;43:94-102.
21. Townshend MM, Smith AJ. Factors influencing the urinary excretion of free catecholamines in man. Clin Sci 1973;44:253-65.
22. Kinnunen U, Vihko V. Night rest urinary catecholamines excretion in relation to free time, work and background data. Scand J Psychol 1991;32:1-8.
23. Feldman JM. Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity determines the epinephrine concentration of phaeochromocytomas. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1981;34:389-98.
24. Osamura RY, Kawai OY, Hori S, et al. Immunohistochemical localisation of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in human phaeochromocytomas. Endocr Pathol 1990;1:102-8.
25. Kimura N, Miura Y, Nagatsu I, et al. Catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in 70 cases of functioning and non-functioning phaeochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1992;421:25-32.
26. Turner N, Brown JW, Carballeira A, et al. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in varyng forms of human phaeochromocytoma. Life Sci 1996;59:1659-65. (Pubitemid 26358296)
27. Proye C, Fossati P, Fontaine P, et al. Dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytoma: an unrecognised entity. Classification of phaeochromocytomas according to their type of secretion. Surgery 1986;100:1154-62.
28. Yasunari K, Kohno M, Yoshikawa J. A dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytoma. Am J Med 1999;106:599-600.
29. Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, et al. Biochemical and clinical manifestations of dopamine-producing paragangliomas: utility of plasma methoxytyramine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:2068-75. (Pubitemid 40586241)
30. Davidson DF. Elevated urinary dopamine in adults and children. Ann Clin Biochem 2005;42:200-7.
31. Raber W, Raffesberg W, Bischof M, et al. Diagnostic efficacy of unconjugated plasma metanephrines for the detection of phaeochromocytoma. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2957-63. (Pubitemid 32009053)
32. Davidson DF. Phaeochromocytoma with normal urinary catecholamines: the potential value of urinary free metadrenalines. Ann Clin Biochem 2002;557-66.
33. Sawka AM, Jaeschke R, Singh RJ, et al. A comparison of biochemical tests for pheochromocytoma: measurement of fractionated plasma metanephrines compared with the combination of 24-hour urinary metanephrines and catecholamines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:553-8. (Pubitemid 36207789)
34. Stenstrom G, Waldenstrom J. Positive correlation between urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites and tumour mass in phaeochromocytoma. Results in patients with sustained and paroxysmal hypertension and multiple endocrine neoplasia. Acta Med Scand 1985;217:73-7.
35. Goldstein DS, Holmes C. Neuronal source of plasma dopamine. Clin Chem 2008;54:1864-71.
36. Eisenhofer G, Coughtrie MWH, Goldstein DS. Dopamine sulphate: an enigma resolved. Clin Exp Pharm Phys 1999;26:S41-53.
37. Nakaya Y, Katayama T, Nomura M, et al. Pathophysiologic significance of free and conjugated dopamines in congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1994;127:613-17. (Pubitemid 24124692)
38. Peaston RT, Lennard TWJ, Lai LC. Overnight excretion of urinary catecholamines and metabolites in the detection of pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1378-84.
39. Pacak K, Linehan WM, Eisenhofer G, et al. Recent advances in genetics, diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pheochromocytoma. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:315-29. (Pubitemid 32163955)
40. Guller U, Turek J, Eubanks S, et al. Detecting pheochromocytoma: defining the most sensitive test. Ann Surg 2006;243:102-7. (Pubitemid 43054061)
41. Grossman A, Pacak K, Sawka A, et al. Biochemical diagnosis and localization of phaeochromocytoma. Can we reach a consensus? Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1073:332-47.
42. Sawka AM, Prebtani AP, Thabane L, et al. A systematic review of the literature examining the diagnostic efficacy of measurement of fractionated plasma free metanephrines in the biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. BMC Endocr Disord 2004;4:2-13.
43. Sawka AM, Gafni A, Thabane L, et al. The economic implications of three biochemical screening algorithms for phaeochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2859-66. (Pubitemid 38766377)
44. Barron JL. Personal report on the 2nd International Symposium on Pheochromocytoma; 17-20 September 2008, Queen's College, Cambridge, UK.
45. Unger N, Pitt C, Schmidt IN, et al. Diagnostic value of various biochemical parameters for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in patients with adrenal mass. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:409-17.
46. Lenders JWM, Eisenhofer G, Armando I, et al. Determination of metanephrines in plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Clin Chem 1993;39;97-103. (Pubitemid 23034964)
47. Boyle JG, Davidson DF, Perry CG, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of urinary free metanephrines, vanillyl mandelic acid, and catecholamines and plasma catecholamines for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4602-8.
48. Perry CG, Sawka AM, Singh R, et al. The diagnostic efficacy of urinary fractionated metanephrines measured by tandem mass spectrometry in detection of pheochromocytoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;66:703-8. (Pubitemid 46699545)
49. Lenders JWM, Willemsen JJ, Eisenhofer G, et al. Is supine rest necessary before blood sampling for plasma metanephrines? Clin Chem 2007;53:352-4.
50. Eisenhofer G, Lenders JWM, Goldstein DS, et al. Phaeochromocytoma catecholamine phenotypes and prediction of tumour size and location by use of plasma free metanephrines. Clin Chem 2005;51:735-44. (Pubitemid 40463925)
51. Algericas-Schimnich A, Preissner CM, Young WF, et al. Plasma chromogranin A or urine fractionated metanephrines follow-up testing improves the diagnostic accuracy of plasma fractionated metanephrines for phaeochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:91-5.
52. Giovanella L, Squin N, Ghelfo A, et al. Chromogranin A immunoradiometric assay in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: comparison with plasma metadrenalines and 123I-MIBG scan. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006;50:344-7. (Pubitemid 46157616)
53. DeJong WHA, Graham KS, Van Der Molan JC, et al. Plasma free metanephrine measurement using automated online solid phase extraction HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2007;53:1684-93.
54. Willemsen JL, Sweep FCGJ, Lenders JWM. Stability of plasma free metanephrines during collection and storage as assessed by an optimized HPLC method with electrochemical detection. Clin Chem 2003;49:1951-3.
55. Lagerstedt SA, O'Kane DJ, Singh RJ. Measurement of plasma free metanephrine and normetanephrine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry for diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. Clin Chem 2004;50:603-11.
56. Taylor RL, Singh RJ. Validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of urinary conjugated metanephrine and normetanephrine for the screening of pheochromocytoma. Clin Chem 2002;48:533-9.
57. Willemsen JL, Ross HA, Lenders JWM, et al. Stability of urinary fractionated metanephrines and catecholamines during collection, shipment and storage of samples. Clin Chem 2007;53:268-72.
58. Davidson DF, Grosset K, Grosset D. Parkinson's disease: the effect of L-dopa therapy on urinary free catecholamines and metabolites. Ann Clin Biochem 2007;44:364-8.
59. Cook FJ, Chandler DW, Snyder DK. Effect of buspirone on urinary catecholamine assays. N Engl J Med 1995:332:401.
60. Davidson DF. Paracetamol-associated interference in an HPLC-ECD assay for urinary free metadrenalines and catecholamines. Ann Clin Biochem 2004;41:316-20.
61. Rodriguez JM, Balsalobre M, Ponce JL, et al. Pheochromocytoma in MEN 2A syndrome. Study of 54 patients. World J Surg 2008;32:2520-6.