Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in faeces and ileal contents from grass sickness affected horses: Comparisons with 3 control populations

Equine Veterinary Journal

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 494-499

  Waggett, B E ^a   Mcgorum, B C ^a   Wernery, U ^a   Shaw, D J ^a   Pirie, R S ^a  

^a CENTRAL VETERINARY RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United Arab Emirates)

Author keywords

Clostridium perfringens; Equine grass sickness; Horse

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTION; CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FECES; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; ILEUM; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; STOMACH JUICE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; HORSE DISEASES; VETERINARY;

ANIMALS; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FECES; GASTROINTESTINAL CONTENTS; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; ILEUM; PREVALENCE;

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; EQUIDAE; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS;

EID: 77955753563     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: 20423306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00105.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Bullen JJ. Role of toxins in host-parasite relationships. Microbial Toxins 1970, 233-276. Ajl SJKadis SMontie TC. Eds, Academic Press, New York, pp
2. Carroll CL, Hazard G, Coloe PJ. Laminitis and possible enterotoxaemia associated with carbohydrate overload in mares. Equine vet. J. 1987, 19:344-346.
3. Chelimsky G, Chelimsky TC. Evaluation and treatment of autonomic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Semin. Neurol. 2003, 23:453-458.
4. Connor FL, Di Lorenzo C. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: assessment and management. Gastroenterol. 2006, 130:S29-S36.
5. Doxey DL, Gilmour JS, Milne EM. A comparative study of normal equine populations and those with grass sickness (dysautonomia) in eastern Scotland. Equine vet. J. 1991, 23:365-369.
6. Doxey DL, Pogson DM, Milne EM, Gilmour JS, Chisholm HK. Clinical equine dysautonomia and autonomic neuron damage. Res. vet. Sci. 1992, 53:106-109.
7. Garrett LA, Brown R, Poxton IR. A comparative study of the intestinal microbiota of healthy horses and those suffering from equine grass sickness. Vet. Microbiol. 2002, 87:81-88.
8. Gilmour JS, Brown R, Johnson P. A negative serological relationship between cases of grass sickness in Scotland and C. perfringens type A enterotoxin. Equine vet. J. 1981, 13:56-58.
9. Gordon WS. Enterotoxaemia in herbivorous animals - its possible bearing on grass sickness in horses. Vet. Rec. 1934, 14:1016-1036.
10. Green JO, Corrall AJ, Terry RA. Grass species and varieties: relationships between stage of growth, yield and forage quality. 1971, Hurley, UK: Grassland Research Institute. GRI Technical Report No. 8
11. Greig JR. Grass sickness in horses. A review of present knowledge of the disease, with particular reference to the nature of the causal agent. Trans. Highland and Agric. Soc. Scotland. 1942, 54:1-27.
12. Griess C, Verspohl J, Kropp S, Rhode J, Pohlenz J, Scheidemann W, Deegen E, Amtsberg G. Composition of the bacterial flora of the equine cecum and possible implications for the pathogenesis of typhlocolitis. Pferdeheilkunde 1996, 12:725-736.
13. Herholz C, Miserez R, Nicolet J, Frey J, Popoff M, Gibert M, Gerber H, Straub R. Prevalence of B2-Toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in horses with intestinal disorders. J. clin. Microbiol. 1999, 37:358-361.
14. Hunter LC, Poxton IR. Systemic antibodies to Clostridium botulinum type C: do they protect horses from grass sickness (dysautonomia)? Equine vet. J. 2001, 33:547-553.
15. Hunter LC, Miller JK, Poxton IR. The association of Clostridium botulinum type C with equine grass sickness: a toxicoinfection? Equine vet. J. 1999, 31:492-499.
16. Husebye E. The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal bacterial overgrowth. Chemother. Suppl. 2005, 51:1-22. 1
17. Kaldhusdal M, Hofshagen M. Barley inclusion and avoparcin supplementation in broiler diets 2. Clinical, pathological and bacteriological findings in a mild form of necrotic enteritis. Poult. Sci. 1992, 71:1145-1153.
18. Kaldhusdal M, Skjerve E. Association between cereal contents in the diet and incidence of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens in Norway. Prev. vet. Med. 1996, 28:1-16.
19. Kemiläinen O, von Hyvönen P, Saastamoinen M, Särkijärvi S, Wright A. Occurrence of clostridia and Clostridium perfringens in the faecal samples of healthy horses during indoor and outdoor feeding seasons - comparison of methods. Finn. Vet. Rev. 2005, 111:175-180.
20. Kluiters G. Equine Grass Sickness Surveillance Scheme - Winter Newsletter. 2008, Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, UK
21. McCarthy HE, French NP, Edwards GB, Miller K, Proudman CJ. Equine grass sickness is associated with Clostridium botulinum: a matched case control study to identify risk factors. Equine vet. J. 2004, 36:123-129.
22. McCourt MT, Finlay DA, Laird C, Smyth JA, Bell C, Ball HJ. Sandwich ELISA detection of Clostridium perfringens cells and alpha-toxin from field cases of necrotic enteritis of poultry. Vet. Microbiol. 2005, 106:259-264.
23. McGorum BC, Anderson RA. Biomarkers of exposure to cyanogens in horses with grass sickness. Vet. Rec. 2002, 151:442-445.
24. Milne EM. Grass sickness. Equine vet. Educ. 1991, 3:196-199.
25. Nutrient Requirements of Horses 2007, 141-182. National Research Council, 6th, edn., The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, pp
26. Ochoa R, De Velandia S. Equine grass sickness, serologic evidence of association with Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin. Am. J. vet. Res. 1978, 39:1049-1051.
27. Ochoa R, Gomez S, Bustos F. Enterotoxemia de los equinos. Reporte inicial sobre la reproduccion de la enterotoxemia equine (Colico inspecificio infladera o sopladera). Rev. Inst. Colomb. Agropecu. 1974, 9:15-49.
28. Olkowski AA, Wojnarowicz C, Chirino-Trejo M, Drew MD. Responses of broiler chickens orally challenged with Clostridium perfringens isolated from field cases of necrotic enteritis. Res. vet. Sci. 2006, 81:99-108.
29. Popoff MR. Bacteriological examination in enterotoxaemia of sheep and lamb. Vet. Rec. 1984, 114:324.
30. Riddell C, Kong XM. The influence of diet on necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 1992, 36:499-503.
31. Saeed EMA. Studies on isolation and identification of Clostridium botulinum investigating field samples especially from equine grass sickness cases 2004, PhD Thesis, University of Göttingen
32. Songer JG. Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1996, 9:216-234.
33. Stubbings DP. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia in two young horses. Vet. Rec. 1990, 127:431.
34. Tillotson K, Traub-Dargatz JL, Dickinson CE, Ellis RP, Morley PS, Hyatt DR, Magnusonk RJ, Riddle WT, Bolte D, Salman MD. Population-based study of fecal shedding of Clostridium perfringens in broodmares and foals. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 2002, 220:342-348.
35. Timoney JF, Gillespie JH, Scott FW, Barlough JE. Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Disease of Domestic Animals 1988, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, NY
36. Tocher JF, Brown W, Tocher JW, Buxton JB. Grass sickness investigation report. Vet. Rec. 1923, 3:37-45. 75-89
37. Waite R, Boyd J. The water-soluble carbohydrates in grasses. II Grasses cut at grazing height several times in the grazing season. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1953, 4:257-261.
38. Weese JS, Staempfli HR, Prescott JF. A prospective study of the roles of Clostridium difficile and enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in equine diarrhoea. Equine vet. J. 2001, 33:403-409.