All offenders are equal, but some are more equal than others: Variation in journeys to crime between offenders

Criminology

Volumn 48, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 897-917

  Townsley, Michael ^a   Sidebottom, Aiden ^b  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Aggregation fallacy; Journey to crime; Multilevel modeling; Nested data; Repeated measures

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955730544     PISSN: 00111384     EISSN: 17459125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00205.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Alston Jonathan D. The serial rapist's spatial pattern of target selection 1994, Master's Thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
2. Amir Menachem. Patterns in Forcible Rape 1971, Chicago, IL, The University of Chicago Press
3. Baldwin John, Bottoms Anthony E. The Urban Criminal: A Study in Sheffield 1976, London, U.K., Tavistock
4. Barker Mary. The criminal range of small-town burglars. Profiling Property Crimes 2000, Canter DavidAlison Laurence. Dartmouth, U.K., Ashgate
5. Bernasco Wim. Them again?: Same-offender involvement in repeat and near repeat burglaries. European Journal of Criminology 2008, 5:411-31.
6. Bernasco Wim, Block Richard. Where offenders choose to attack: A discrete choice model of robberies in Chicago. Criminology 2009, 47:93-130.
7. Bernasco Wim, Nieuwbeerta Paul. How do residential burglars select target areas. British Journal of Criminology 2005, 44:296-315.
8. Bichler Gisela, Christie Jill, Merrall Stephen. Journey to crime: Does the desert make a difference. 2007, Paper presented at the Western Society of Criminology, Scottsdale, AZ
9. Brantingham Paul J, Brantingham Patricia L. Environmental Criminology 1981, Prospect Heights, IL, Waveland Press
10. Canter David, Larkin Paul. The environmental range of serial rapists. Criminal Detection and the Psychology of Crime 1993, Canter David, Alison Laurence. Hampshire, U.K., Dartmouth/Ashgate
11. Capone Donald L, Nichols Woodrow W. Crime and distance: An analysis of offender behavior in space. Proceedings of the Association of American Geographers 1975, 7:45-9.
12. Capone Donald L, Nichols Woodrow W. Urban structure and criminal mobility. American Behavioral Scientist 1976, 20:199-213.
13. Clare Joseph, Fernandez John, Morgan Frank. Formal evaluation of the impact of barriers and connectors on residential burglars' macro-level offending location choices. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 2009, 42:139-58.
14. Cohen Lawrence, Felson Marcus. Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review 1979, 44:588-608.
15. Cornish Derek B, Clarke Ronald V. The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending 1986, New York, Springer-Verlag
16. Elffers Henk. Decision models underlying the journey to crime. Punishment, Places and Perpetrators: Developments in Criminology and Criminal Justice Research 2004, Bruinsma GerbenElffers Henkde Keijser Jan. Devon, U.K., Willan
17. Erlanson Otto. The scene of a sex offense as related to the residence of the offender. American Journal of Police Science 1946, 31:338-42.
18. Fritzon Karen. An examination of the relationship between distance travelled and motivational aspects of firesetting behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2001, 21:45-60.
19. Gabor Thomas, Gottheil Edward. Offender characteristics and spatial mobility: An empirical study and some policy implications. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 1984, 26:267-81.
20. Goldstein Harvey. Hierarchical linear models: Problems and prospects. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 1995, 20:201-4.
21. Groff Elizabeth R, McEwen Tom. Disaggregating the journey to homicide. Geographic Information Systems and Crime Analysis 2005, Wang Fahui, Hershey, PA, Idea Group
22. Harries Keith, LeBeau James. Issues in the geographic profiling of crime: Review and commentary. Police Practice and Research 2007, 8:321-33.
23. LeBeau James L. The journey to rape: Geographical distance and the rapist's method of approaching the victim. Journal of Police Science and Administration 1987, 15:129-36.
24. Levine Ned. Crimestat: A Spatial Statistics Program for the Analysis of Crime Incident Locations 2002, and Associates, Washington, DC, The National Institute of Justice
25. McFadden Daniel. Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior. Frontiers of Econometrics 1973, Zarembka Paul. New York, Academic Press
26. Morselli Carlo, Royer Marie-Nothomamp. Criminal mobility and criminal achievement. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 2008, 45:4-21.
27. Nichols Woodrow. Mental maps, social characteristics, and criminal mobility. Crime: A Spatial Perspective 1980, Georges-Abeyie DanielHarries Keith. New York, Columbia University Press
28. Normandeau Andre. Trends and patterns in crimes and robbery. 1968, PhD Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
29. Pettiway Leon. The mobility of robbery and burglary offenders: Ghetto and non-ghetto spaces. Urban Affairs Quarterly 1982, 18:255-70.
30. Phillips Phillip D. Characteristics and typology of the journey to crime. Crime: A Spatial Perspective 1980, Georges-Abeyie Daniel EHarries Keith D. New York, Columbia University Press
31. Potchak Marissa C, McGloin Jean M, Zgoba Kristen M. A spatial analysis of criminal effort: Auto theft in Newark, New Jersey. Criminal Justice Policy Review 2002, 13:257-85.
32. Pyle Gerald F. Spatial and temporal aspects of crime in Cleveland, Ohio. American Behavioral Scientist 1976, 20:175-98.
33. Pyle Gerald F, Hanten Edward W, Willaims Patricia G, Pearson Allen L, Gary Doyle J, Kwofie Kwame. The Spatial Dynamics of Crime 1974, Department of Geography Research Paper 159, Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press
34. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2008, http://www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team., Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing
35. Rand Alicia. Mobility triangles. Metropolitan Crime Patterns 1986, Figlio Robert MHakim SimonRengert George F. Monsey, NY, Criminal Justice Press
36. Rengert George F. The journey to crime. Punishment, Places and Perpetrators: Developments in Criminology and Criminal Justice Research 2004, Bruinsma GerbenElffers Henkde Keijser Jan. Devon, U.K., Willan
37. Rengert George F, Wasilchick John. Suburban Burglary 2000, Springfield, IL, Charles Thomas
38. Rengert George F, Piquero Alex R, Jones Peter R. Distance decay reexamined. Criminology 1999, 37:427-45.
39. Repetto Thomas. Residential Crime 1974, Cambridge, MA, Ballinger
40. Repetto Thomas. Crime prevention and the displacement hypothesis. Crime & Delinquency 1976, 56:166-78.
41. Rhodes William M, Conly Catherine. Crime and mobility: An empirical study. Environmental Criminology 1981, Brantingham Paul J, Brantingham Patricia L. Beverly Hills, CA, Sage
42. Rossmo D Kim. Geographic Profiling 2000, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press
43. Rossmo D Kim, Davies Anne, Patrick Mark. Exploring the geo-demographic and distance relationships between stranger rapists and their offences. Special Interest Series: Paper 16 2004, London, U.K., Research, Development and Statistics Directorate
44. Smith William, Bond John W, Townsley Michael. Determining how journeys-to-crime vary: Measuring inter- and intra-offender crime trip distributions. Putting Crime in Its Place: Units of Analysis in Spatial Crime Research 2009, Weisburd David, Bernasco Wim, Bruinsma Gerben. New York, Springer
45. Snook Brent. Individual differences in distance traveled by serial burglars. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 2004, 1:53-66.
46. Tabachnick Barbara G, Fidell Linda S. Using Multivariate Statistics 1996, 3rd ed., New York, Harper Collins
47. Turner Simon. Delinquency and distance. Delinquency: Selected Studies 1969, Sellin ThorstenWolfgang Marvin E. New York, Wiley
48. van Koppen Peter J, de Keijser Jan W. Desisting distance decay: On the aggregation of individual crime trips. Criminology 1997, 35:505-15.
49. van Koppen Peter J, Jansen Robert W J. The road to the robbery: Travel patterns in commercial robberies. The British Journal of Criminology 1997, 38:230-46.
50. Warren Janet, Reboussin Roland, Hazelwood Robert R, Cummings Andrea, Gibbs Natalie, Trumbetta Susan. Crime scene and distance correlates of serial rape. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 1998, 14:35-59.
51. White R Clyde. The relation of felonies to environmental factors in Indianapolis. Social Forces 1932, 10:498-509.
52. Wiles Paul, Costello Anthony. The " Road to Nowhere": The Evidence for Traveling Criminals 2000, Home Office Research Study 207, London, U.K., Research, Development and Statistics Directorate
53. Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis 2008, Wortley RichardMazerolle Lorraine. Devon, U.K., Willan
54. Zipf George K. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology 1965, New York, Hafner