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1
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77955672883
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European Generics Association, accessed 11 February, 2010
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European Generics Association. ( 2010 ) http://www .egagenerics.com/gen- evergrn.htm , accessed 11 February, 2010.
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2
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34347250879
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Linkage ' pharmaceutical ever greening in Canada and Australia (June 1, 2007)
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June 2007, accessed 11 February
-
Faunce , T. A. and Lexchin , J. ( 2007 ) ' Linkage ' pharmaceutical ever greening in Canada and Australia (June 1, 2007). Australia and New Zealand Journal of Health Policy 1 (4) : 8 , June 2007, http:// ssrn.com/abstract= 1405010 , accessed 11 February.
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Australia and New Zealand Journal of Health Policy
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Faunce, T.A.1
Lexchin, J.2
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3
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-
77955678427
-
-
From the European Competition Commission website accessed 20 February 2010
-
From the European Competition Commission website , http://ec.europa.eu/ competition/sectors/ pharmaceuticals/overview-en.html , accessed 20 February 2010.
-
-
-
-
4
-
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77955690037
-
-
accessed 11 February, 2010
-
Glaxo , http://www.gsk.com/policies/GSK-andevergreening. pdf , accessed 11 February, 2010.
-
Glaxo
-
-
-
5
-
-
77955672430
-
-
Pfi zer's blockbuster product - Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor ® ) - has a plethora of patents on various crystalline forms, including one patent for crystalline Forms I, IV listed on the Orange Book
-
Pfi zer's blockbuster product - Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor ® ) - has a plethora of patents on various crystalline forms, including one patent for crystalline Forms I, IV listed on the Orange Book.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
77955693637
-
-
For, for example, Desloratadine (Clarinex ® from Loratadine (Claritin ®
-
For, for example, Desloratadine (Clarinex ® ) from Loratadine (Claritin ® ).
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
77955685046
-
-
For, for example Eszopiclone (Lunesta ® from Zopiclone (Imovane ®
-
For, for example Eszopiclone (Lunesta ® ) from Zopiclone (Imovane ® ).
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
77955694984
-
-
Abbott's Fenofi brate (Tricor ® ) capsules were earlier sold in 54 mg and 160 mg; and this was later changed to 54 mg and 160 mg tablets (Tricor ® ), and which was again changed to 48 mg and 145 mg
-
Abbott's Fenofi brate (Tricor ® ) capsules were earlier sold in 54 mg and 160 mg; and this was later changed to 54 mg and 160 mg tablets (Tricor ® ), and which was again changed to 48 mg and 145 mg.
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
77955697871
-
-
For, for example, Venlafaxine immediate release tablets (Effexor ® to an extended release version (Effexor XR ®
-
For, for example, Venlafaxine immediate release tablets (Effexor ® ) to an extended release version (Effexor XR ® ).
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
77955698084
-
-
For instance, US patent 6,333,198 for substantially pure Lamotrigine
-
For instance, US patent 6,333,198 for substantially pure Lamotrigine.
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
77955689571
-
-
For instance, US patent 6,469,012 for use of Sildenafi l Citrate in erectile dysfunction
-
For instance, US patent 6,469,012 for use of Sildenafi l Citrate in erectile dysfunction.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
77955684841
-
-
US patent 6, 419,958, covering therapeutic blood plasma concentration of venlafaxine over a 24h period
-
US patent 6, 419,958, covering therapeutic blood plasma concentration of venlafaxine over a 24h period.
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
77955669861
-
-
For instance, US patent 6, 455,574 covers use of Atorvastatin and Amlodipine, marketed as Caduet ®
-
For instance, US patent 6, 455,574 covers use of Atorvastatin and Amlodipine, marketed as Caduet ® .
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
77955707740
-
-
US patent 6,784,177 marketed as BiDil ®
-
US patent 6,784,177 marketed as BiDil ® .
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
77955680815
-
-
Astra switched from racemic Omeprazole (Prilosec ® ) to Esomeprazole (Nexium ® ) which is the S-enantiomer of the racemic product, with an unprecedented advertisement blitzkrieg - ' the Purple pill
-
Astra switched from racemic Omeprazole (Prilosec ® ) to Esomeprazole (Nexium ® ) which is the S-enantiomer of the racemic product, with an unprecedented advertisement blitzkrieg - ' the Purple pill '.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
77955673768
-
-
For instance, GlaxoSmithkline timed the issuance and listing of multiple patents for the drug Paroxetine (Paxil ® ) on the Orange Book, to get four successive 30-month stays to delay the approval for a generic version. The fi rst stay for FDA approval expired in November 2000, but the US FDA was not able to approve a generic version of Paxil until September 2003
-
For instance, GlaxoSmithkline timed the issuance and listing of multiple patents for the drug Paroxetine (Paxil ® ) on the Orange Book, to get four successive 30-month stays to delay the approval for a generic version. The fi rst stay for FDA approval expired in November 2000, but the US FDA was not able to approve a generic version of Paxil until September 2003.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
77955674233
-
-
For instance, the US House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Courts and Competition Policy held hearings on related issues in June 2009
-
For instance, the US House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Courts and Competition Policy held hearings on related issues in June 2009.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
77955703626
-
-
March 2004 Report available online at , accessed 20 February 2010
-
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Competition ; March 2004; page 63. Report available online at http://www.competitionbureau.gc.ca/eic/site/ cb-bc.nsf/vwapj/ct03001e-annualreport.pdf/ $ fi le/ ct03001e- annualreport.pdf , accessed 20 February 2010.
-
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Competition
, pp. 63
-
-
-
20
-
-
77955666477
-
-
AstraZeneca Canada Inc. v. Canada (Minister of Health) , (2006) 2 S.C.R. 560, 2006 SCC 49
-
AstraZeneca Canada Inc. v. Canada (Minister of Health) , (2006) 2 S.C.R. 560, 2006 SCC 49.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
77955692737
-
-
Apotex Inc. v. Sanofi -Synthelabo Canada Inc. , 2008 SCC 61
-
Apotex Inc. v. Sanofi -Synthelabo Canada Inc. , 2008 SCC 61.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
77955702517
-
-
Eli Lilly Canada Inc. v. Novopharm ltd. , 2009 FC 1018
-
Eli Lilly Canada Inc. v. Novopharm ltd. , 2009 FC 1018.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
77955682155
-
-
October 2009; online edition accessed 14 October 2009
-
National Post , October 2009; online edition, http://www.nationalpost. com/story-printer. html?id=2094604 , accessed 14 October 2009.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
77955699634
-
The medicines in question were omeprazole, amlodipine, doxazosin, loratadine, mirtazapine and ramipril. The cost numbers come from a British Generic Manufacturers Association submission to the Health Committee of the House of Commons. Details are available
-
published on 5 April 2005 The Report is available online at, accessed 26 February 2010
-
The medicines in question were omeprazole, amlodipine, doxazosin, loratadine, mirtazapine and ramipril. The cost numbers come from a British Generic Manufacturers Association submission to the Health Committee of the House of Commons. Details are available in ' The Infl uence of the Pharmaceutical Industry ' , Fourth Report on 2004-5 session, published on 5 April 2005 (page 92). The Report is available online at http://www. publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/ cmhealth/42/42.pdf , accessed 26 February 2010.
-
The Infl Uence of the Pharmaceutical Industry ' , Fourth Report on 2004-5 Session
, pp. 92
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25
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-
77955700276
-
-
EWCA. ( 2008 ) Civ 445
-
EWCA. ( 2008 ) Civ 445.
-
-
-
-
28
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-
77955695671
-
-
AstraZeneca v Commission Case T-321/05 (2005/C 271/47), accessed 20 February 2010decision available at
-
AstraZeneca v Commission Case T-321/05 (2005/C 271/47), decision available at http://ec.europa.eu/ competition/antitrust/cases/decisions/37507/ en.pdf , accessed 20 February 2010.
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30
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77955669860
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accessed 11 February 2010
-
European Competition Commission (ECC). ( 2010 ) http://ec.europa.eu/ competition/sectors/ pharmaceuticals/overview-en.html , accessed 11 February 2010.
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(2010)
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31
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77955701179
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IN207232
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IN207232.
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32
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-
77955687905
-
-
IN201140
-
IN201140.
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33
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-
77955687904
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-
IN202128
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IN202128.
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-
-
-
34
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-
77955684094
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-
IN201649
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IN201649.
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-
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-
35
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-
77955704282
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-
IN219034
-
IN219034.
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-
-
-
36
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-
77955683217
-
-
IN210420
-
IN210420.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
77955681949
-
-
Novartis ' Indian Application: 1602/MAS/1998 for a polymorph of Imatinib Mesylate
-
Novartis ' Indian Application: 1602/MAS/1998 for a polymorph of Imatinib Mesylate.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
77955690281
-
-
From an unpublished study by Basheer, Shamnad and Guha, Souvik; details available online at, accessed 11 February 2010
-
From an unpublished study by Basheer, Shamnad and Guha, Souvik; details available online at http:// spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2009/09/patent- oppositionsin- india-effi cacy-of.html , accessed 11 February 2010.
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
77955669652
-
-
According to the US Federal Trade Commission's 2002 study titled ' Generic Drug Entry: Prior to Patent Expiration ' , generic applicants prevailed in 29 out of 40 drug product litigations (or 73 per cent). This study is available online at, accessed 11 February 2010
-
According to the US Federal Trade Commission's 2002 study titled ' Generic Drug Entry: Prior to Patent Expiration ' , generic applicants prevailed in 29 out of 40 drug product litigations (or 73 per cent). This study is available online at www.ftc.gov/ os/2002/07/genericdrugstudy.pdf , accessed 11 February 2010.
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
77955691656
-
-
For instance, Abbott when faced with pre-grant opposition for its application (339/MUMNP/2006) covering heat stable formulation of Lopinavir+ Ritonavir, fi led not one, but two divisional applications at two different patent offi ces - 726/ MUMNP/2009 at Mumbai Patent Offi ce and 2474/ DELNP/2009 at Delhi Patent Offi ce - with exactly same set of claims as the parent, on the day of the opposition hearing for the parent ' 39
-
For instance, Abbott when faced with pre-grant opposition for its application (339/MUMNP/2006) covering heat stable formulation of Lopinavir+ Ritonavir, fi led not one, but two divisional applications at two different patent offi ces - 726/ MUMNP/2009 at Mumbai Patent Offi ce and 2474/ DELNP/2009 at Delhi Patent Offi ce - with exactly same set of claims as the parent, on the day of the opposition hearing for the parent ' 339.
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
77955696793
-
-
Gilead lost its application: 2076/Del/1997 covering Tenofovir disoproxil in an opposition, but fi led a divisional - 602/DEL/2007 with similar scope; similarly its application 896/del/2002 covering Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was rejected, but it has 1135/DEL/2007 pending, covering similar scope
-
Gilead lost its application: 2076/Del/1997 covering Tenofovir disoproxil in an opposition, but fi led a divisional - 602/DEL/2007 with similar scope; similarly its application 896/del/2002 covering Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was rejected, but it has 1135/DEL/2007 pending, covering similar scope.
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
77955704055
-
-
For instance, Glaxo abandoned its original fi ling for Atazanavir (805/MAS/1997) but is prosecuting core claims in a later divisional - 310/CHE/2007
-
For instance, Glaxo abandoned its original fi ling for Atazanavir (805/MAS/1997) but is prosecuting core claims in a later divisional - 310/CHE/2007.
-
-
-
-
43
-
-
77955699385
-
Brazilian patent offi ce confi rms refusal of tenofovir patent application
-
Gilead has adopted this multiple divisional fi ling strategy for Tenofovir, not only in India, but also in Brazil as well Read accessed 11 February 2010
-
Gilead has adopted this multiple divisional fi ling strategy for Tenofovir, not only in India, but also in Brazil as well. Read: Amin , T. ( 2008 ) Brazilian patent offi ce confi rms refusal of tenofovir patent application. Web article on I-mak website, http:// www.i-mak.org/i-mak-blog-updates/2008/9/3/ brazilian-patent-offi ce-confi rms-refusal-of-tenofovirpatent. html , accessed 11 February 2010.
-
(2008)
Web Article on I-mak Website
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Amin, T.1
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IN203937
-
IN203937.
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-
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45
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-
77955704873
-
-
CS(OS) No. 2680/2008, order dated 19 December 2008
-
CS(OS) No. 2680/2008, order dated 19 December 2008.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
77955696344
-
-
Vide Order dated 07 November 2008 in WP(C) No. 7833/2008
-
Vide Order dated 07 November 2008 in WP(C) No. 7833/2008
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
77955697870
-
-
Order dated 18 August 2009
-
Order dated 18 August 2009.
-
-
-
-
48
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-
77955693635
-
-
Bangkok Post , 10 June 2008. Archived text available at, accessed 11 February 2010
-
Apiradee , T. ( 2008 ) Thailand, civic move to halt evergreen patents. Bangkok Post , 10 June 2008. Archived text available at http://www.iprasia.org/ site/latest-news/ipr.htm?mode=view & num=62 & pag e=9 & pPart= & pKeyword= & pGroup= , accessed 11 February 2010.
-
(2008)
Thailand, Civic Move to Halt Evergreen Patents
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Apiradee, T.1
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49
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77955688347
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-
White Paper by the Ministry of Public Health (Thailand) and The National Health Security Offi ce, Thailand accessed 11 February 2010
-
White Paper by the Ministry of Public Health (Thailand) and The National Health Security Offi ce, Thailand (2007). http://www.moph.go.th/hot/ White%20Paper%20CL-EN.pdf , accessed 11 February 2010.
-
(2007)
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51
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-
77955689798
-
-
CL issued in January 2007
-
CL issued in January 2007.
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-
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54
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-
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-
13 February 2008, accessed 11 February 2010
-
Mukherjee , R. ( 2008 ) Pharma fi rms under US pressure to stop generic sale. The Times of India 13 February 2008, http://timesofi ndia.indiatimes.com/ India-Business/Pharma-fi rms-under-US-pressure- to-stop-generic-sale/ articleshow/2777692.cms , accessed 11 February 2010.
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(2008)
Pharma Fi Rms under US Pressure to Stop Generic Sale
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Mukherjee, R.1
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77955695216
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Letter by Susan Schwab to Senator Thomas Allen, dated 17 January 2007 Copy available at accessed 11 February 2010
-
Letter by Susan Schwab to Senator Thomas Allen, dated 17 January 2007. Copy available at http:// www.cptech.org/ip/health/c/thailand/letter.pdf , accessed 11 February 2010.
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Standing up to Abbott's decision to withhold registration and marketing of life-saving medicines - A new variant of pharmaceutical apartheid
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13 March 2007. Note available online at, accessed 11 February 2010
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Professor Baker , B. K. ( 2007 ) Standing up to Abbott's decision to withhold registration and marketing of life-saving medicines - A new variant of pharmaceutical apartheid. Health GAP , 13 March 2007. Note available online at http:// www.twnside.org.sg/title2/FTAs/info.service/ fta.info.service083.htm , accessed 11 February 2010.
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Health GAP
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Professor Baker, B.K.1
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Pfi zer fi ghts IP fl exibilities in the Philippines
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accessed 11 February 2010
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PHM Article
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Pacifi c Bridge Medical newsletter. ( 2008 ) Philippine president signs cheaper medicines act. 5 August 2008, http://www.pacifi cbridgemedical.com/ newsletter/ article.php?id=371 , accessed 11 February 2010.
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Philippine President Signs Cheaper Medicines Act
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Philippines plans to follow India in limiting patentability
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(2008)
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Ollier, P.1
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61
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Philippine patent No. 29,149 - same as US patent 52,73,995 and its equivalents. This enantiomer patent has been focus of litigation in various countries around the world and invalidated in Australia, Austria, the Netherlands, Norway, South Korea, Germany and the United Kingdom
-
Philippine patent No. 29,149 - same as US patent 52,73,995 and its equivalents. This enantiomer patent has been focus of litigation in various countries around the world and invalidated in Australia, Austria, the Netherlands, Norway, South Korea, Germany and the United Kingdom.
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1 November 2009 accessed 11 February 2010
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As i See It: RP Should Crack Down on Monopolies, Cartels
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Pfi zer-Unilab row reaches retail sector
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(2009)
Philippine Daily Inquirer
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Pfi zer suffers setback in its campaign against generic anti-cholesterol drug
-
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Unilab readies new patent invalidation case against Pfi zer
-
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(2009)
Philippine Daily Inquirer
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-
Ho, A.L.1
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77955673769
-
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This is possibly RP 1199653719; based on Author's search
-
This is possibly RP 1199653719; based on Author's search.
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-
-
-
67
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-
77955679937
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-
Balita website accessed 11 February 2010
-
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Unilab to challenge more patents to bring down prices
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Unilab to challenge more Pfi zer patents15 February 2010, accessed 17 February 2010
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Business World
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Aktiebolaget Hassle v Alphapharm Pty Ltd, 212 CLR 411 2002
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Aktiebolaget Hassle v Alphapharm Pty Ltd, 212 CLR 411 2002.
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Evergreen or deciduous?
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Article 17.10.4 of the AU US FTA
-
Article 17.10.4 of the AU US FTA.
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73
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Arrow Pharmaceuticals Ltd v Merck & Co Inc (2004) FCA 1282
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Arrow Pharmaceuticals Ltd v Merck & Co Inc (2004) FCA 1282.
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Apotex Ltd. (formerly GenRx Pty Ltd) v Les Laboratoires Servier (No 2) (2008) FCA 607
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Apotex Ltd. (formerly GenRx Pty Ltd) v Les Laboratoires Servier (No 2) (2008) FCA 607.
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Alphapharm Pty Ltd v H Lundbeck A/s (2008) 76 IPR 618; (2008) FCA 559
-
Alphapharm Pty Ltd v H Lundbeck A/s (2008) 76 IPR 618; (2008) FCA 559.
-
-
-
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