Functional neuroimaging in post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 297-317

  Liberzon, Israel ^a   Garfinkel, Sarah N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Contextualization; emotional appraisal; fear conditioning; fMRI; mPFC; neuroimaging; PTSD; self related processing

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955661305     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-329-9_14     Document Type: Chapter

References (78)

1. Rauch SL, Shin LM. Functional neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997 ; 821 : 83-98.
2. Pitman RK, Shin LM, Rauch SL. Investigating the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder with neuroimaging. J Clin Psychiatry 62 2001 ; (suppl 17) : 47-54.
3. Liberzon I, Phan KL. Brain-imaging studies of posttraumatic stress disorder. CNS Spectr 2003 ; 8 (9) : 641-50.
4. Rauch SL, van der Kolk BA, Fisler RE, et al. A symptom provocation study of posttraumatic stress disorder using positron emission tomography and script-driven imagery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996 ; 53 (5) : 380-87.
5. Shin LM, Kosslyn SM, McNally RJ, et al. Visual imagery and perception in posttraumatic stress disorder. A positron emission tomographic investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997 ; 54 (3) : 233-41.
6. Liberzon I, Britton JC, Phan KL. Neural correlates of traumatic recall in posttraumatic stress disorder. Stress 2003 ; 6 (3) : 151-56.
7. Bremner JD, Narayan M, Staib LH, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Charney DS. Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999 ; 156 (11) : 1787-95.
8. Shin LM, McNally RJ, Kosslyn SM, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow during scriptdriven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: a PET investigation. Am J Psychiatry 1999 ; 156 (4) : 575-84.
9. Lanius RA, Williamson PC, Densmore M, et al. Neural correlates of traumatic memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional MRI investigation. Am J Psychiatry 2001 ; 158 (11) : 1920-22.
10. Lanius RA, Hopper JW, Menon RS. Individual differences in a husband and wife who developed PTSD after a motor vehicle accident: a functional MRI case study. Am J Psychiatry 2003 ; 160 (4) : 667-69.
11. Hendler T, Rotshtein P, Hadar U. Emotion-perception interplay in the visual cortex: "the eyes follow the heart." Cell Mol Neurobiol 2001 ; 21 (6) : 733-52.
12. Shin LM, Orr SP, Carson MA, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004 ; 61 (2) : 168-76.
13. Britton JC, Phan KL, Taylor SF, Fig LM, Liberzon I. Corticolimbic blood flow in posttraumatic stress disorder during script-driven imagery. Biol Psychiatry 2005 ; 57 (8) : 832-40.
14. Hsu CC, Chong MY, Yang P, Yen CF. Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002 ; 41 (7) : 875-81.
15. Osuch EA, Benson B, Geraci M, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow correlated with flashback intensity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001 ; 50 (4) : 246-53.
16. Lanius RA, Williamson PC, Boksman K, et al. Brain activation during script-driven imagery induced dissociative responses in PTSD: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Biol Psychiatry 2002 ; 52 (4) : 305-11.
17. Protopopescu X, Pan H, Tuescher O, et al. Differential time courses and specificity of amygdala activity in posttraumatic stress disorder subjects and normal control subjects. Biol Psychiatry 2005 ; 57 (5) : 464-73.
18. Bush G, Luu P, Posner MI. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn Sci 2000 ; 4 (6) : 215-22.
19. Bremner JD, Vermetten E, Vythilingam M, et al. Neural correlates of the classic color and emotional Stroop in women with abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2004 ; 55 (6) : 612-20.
20. Shin LM, Whalen PJ, Pitman RK, et al. An fMRI study of anterior cingulate function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001 ; 50 (12) : 932-42.
21. Eichenbaum H. A cortical-hippocampal system for declarative memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 2000 ; 1 (1) : 41-50.
22. Corcoran KA, Maren S. Hippocampal inactivation disrupts contextual retrieval of fear memory after extinction. J Neurosci 2001 ; 21 (5) : 1720-2 6.
23. Bremner JD, Randall P, Scott TM, et al. MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995 ; 152 (7) : 973-81.
24. Bremner JD, Randall P, Vermetten E, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse - a preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 1997 ; 41 (1) : 23-32.
25. Gurvits TV, Shenton ME, Hokama H, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic, combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1996 ; 40 (11) : 1091-99.
26. Stein MB, Koverola C, Hanna C, Torchia MG, McClarty B. Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse. Psychol Med 1997 ; 27 (4) : 951-59.
27. Villarreal G, Hamilton DA, Petropoulos H, et al. Reduced hippocampal volume and total white matter volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2002 ; 52 (2) : 119-25.
28. Schuff N, Neylan TC, Lenoci MA, et al. Decreased hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in the absence of atrophy in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001 ; 50 (12) : 952-59.
29. Villarreal G, Petropoulos H, Hamilton DA, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hippocampus and occipital white matter in PTSD: preliminary results. Can J Psychiatry 2002 ; 47 (7) : 666-70.
30. Shin LM, Shin PS, Heckers S, et al. Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Hippocampus 2004 ; 14 (3) : 292-300.
31. De Bellis MD, Keshavan MS, Clark DB, et al. A. E. Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part II: Brain development. Biol Psychiatry 1999 ; 45 (10) : 1271-84.
32. Bonne O, Brandes D, Gilboa A, et al. Longitudinal MRI study of hippocampal volume in trauma survivors with PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 2001 ; 158 (8) : 1248-51.
33. Carrion VG, Weems CF, Eliez S, et al. Attenuation of frontal asymmetry in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001 ; 50 (12) : 943-51.
34. Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Ciszewski A, et al. Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nat Neurosci 2002 ; 5 (11) : 1242-47.
35. Gilbertson MW, Williston SK, Paulus LA, et al. Configural cue performance in identical twins discordant for posttraumatic stress disorder: theoretical implications for the role of hippocampal function. Biol Psychiatry 2007 ; 62 (5) : 513-20.
36. Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RS. Functional connectivity: the principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993 ; 13 (1) : 5-14.
37. Friston KJ, Frith CD, Fletcher P, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RS. Functional topography: multidimensional scaling and functional connectivity in the brain. Cereb Cortex 1996 ; 6 (2) : 156-64.
38. Gilboa A, Shalev AY, Laor L, et al. Functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2004 ; 55 (3) : 263-72.
39. Lanius RA, Williamson PC, Densmore M, et al. The nature of traumatic memories: a 4-T FMRI functional connectivity analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2004 ; 161 (1) : 36-44.
40. Bremner JD, Staib LH, Kaloupek D, Southwick SM, Soufer R, Charney DS. Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomography study. Biol Psychiatry 1999 ; 45 (7) : 806-16.
41. Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Shin LM, et al. Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional MRI study. Biol Psychiatry 2000 ; 47 (9) : 769-76.
42. Liberzon I, Taylor SF, Amdur R, et al. Brain activation in PTSD in response to traumarelated stimuli. Biol Psychiatry 1999 ; 45 (7) : 817-26.
43. LeDoux JE. Emotion circuits in the brain. Ann Rev Neurosci 2000 ; 23 : 155-84.
44. Buchel C, Dolan RJ. Classical fear conditioning in functional neuroimaging. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2000 ; 10 (2) : 219-23.
45. Buchel C, Dolan RJ, Armony JL, Friston KJ. Amygdala-hippocampal involvement in human aversive trace conditioning revealed through event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 1999 ; 19 (24) : 10869-76.
46. Breiter HC, Etcoff NL, Whalen PJ, et al. Response and habituation of the human amygdala during visual processing of facial expression. Neuron 1996 ; 17 (5) : 875-87.
47. Whalen PJ, Rauch SL, Etcoff NL, McInerney SC, Lee MB, Jenike MA. Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. J Neurosci 1998 ; 18 : 411-18.
48. Buchel C, Morris J, Dolan RJ, Friston KJ. Brain systems mediating aversive conditioning: an event-related fMRI study. Neuron 1998 ; 20 (5) : 947-57.
49. LaBar KS, Gatenby JC, Gore JC, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA. Human amygdala activation during conditioned fear acquisition and extinction: a mixed-trial fMRI study. Neuron 1998 ; 20 (5) : 937-45.
50. Wright CI, Fischer H, Whalen PJ, McInerney SC, Shin LM, Rauch SL. Differential prefrontal cortex and amygdala habituation to repeatedly presented emotional stimuli. Neuroreport 2001 ; 12 (2) : 379-83.
51. Phan KL, Liberzon I, Welsh RC, Britton JC, Taylor SF. Habituation of rostral anterior cingulate cortex to repeated emotionally salient pictures. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003 ; 28 (7) : 1344-50.
52. Charney DS, Deutch AY, Krystal JH, Southwick SM, Davis M. Psychobiologic mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993 ; 50 (4) : 295-305.
53. Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI, LeDoux JE. Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC. Neuron 2004 ; 43 (6) : 897-905.
54. Milad MR, Wright CI, Orr SP, Pitman RK, Quirk GJ, Rauch SL. Recall of fear extinction in humans activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in concert. Biol Psychiatry 2007 ; 62 (5) : 446-54.
55. Falls WA, Miserendino MJ, Davis M. Extinction of fear-potentiated startle: blockade by infusion of an NMDA antagonist into the amygdala. J Neurosci 1992 ; 12 (3) : 854-63.
56. Morgan MA, Romanski LM, LeDoux JE. Extinction of emotional learning: contribution of medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 1993 ; 163 (1) : 109-13.
57. Morgan MA, Schulkin J, LeDoux JE. Ventral medial prefrontal cortex and emotional perseveration: the memory for prior extinction training. Behav Brain Res 2003 ; 146 (1-2) : 121-30.
58. Morgan MA, LeDoux JE. Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Behav Neurosci 1995 ; 109 (4) : 681-88.
59. Gross JJ. Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998 ; 74 (1) : 224-37.
60. Hariri AR, Bookheimer SY, Mazziotta JC. Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system. Neuroreport 2000 ; 11 (1) : 43-48.
61. Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A, Fera F, Weinberger DR. Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli. Biol Psychiatry 2003 ; 53 (6) : 494-501.
62. Taylor SF, Phan KL, Decker LR, Liberzon I. Subjective rating of emotionally salient stimuli modulates neural activity. Neuroimage 2003 ; 18 (3) : 650-59.
63. Rosenkranz JA, Grace AA. Cellular mechanisms of infralimbic and prelimbic prefrontal cortical inhibition and dopaminergic modulation of basolateral amygdala neurons in vivo. J Neurosci 2002 ; 22 (1) : 324-37.
64. Ochsner KN, Bunge SA, Gross JJ, Gabrieli JD. Rethinking feelings: an FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. J Cogn Neurosci 2002 ; 14 (8) : 1215-29.
65. Phan KL, Fitzgerald DA, Nathan PJ, Moore GJ, Uhde TW, Tancer ME. Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 2005 ; 57 (3) : 210-19.
66. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995 ; 52 (12) : 1048-60.
67. Phan KL, Taylor SF, Welsh RC, Ho SH, Britton JC, Liberzon I. Neural correlates of individual ratings of emotional salience: a trial-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 2004 ; 21 (2) : 768-80.
68. Britton JC, Phan KL, Taylor SF, Welsh RC, Berridge KC, Liberzon I. Neural correlates of social and nonsocial emotions: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2006 ; 31 (1) : 397-409.
69. Chua FA, Liberzon I, Welsh, RC, Strecher, VJ. Neural correlates of message tailoring and self-relatedness in smoking cessation programming. Biol Psychiatry 65:165-168.
70. Mitchell JP, Banaji MR, Macrae CN. The link between social cognition and self-referential thought in the medial prefrontal cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 2005 ; 17 (8) : 1306-15.
71. Gusnard DA, Akbudak E, Shulman GL, Raichle ME. Medial prefrontal cortex and selfreferential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 ; 98 (7) : 4259-64.
72. Pfeifer JH, Lieberman MD, Dapretto M. "I know you are but what am I?!": neural bases of self-and social knowledge retrieval in children and adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2007 ; 19 (8) : 1323-37.
73. Haddon JE, Killcross S. Prefrontal cortex lesions disrupt the contextual control of response conflict. J Neurosci 2006 ; 26 (11) : 2933-40.
74. Fellows LK, Farah MJ. Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in humans: evidence from a reversal learning paradigm. Brain 2003 ; 126 (pt 8) : 1830-37.
75. Craig AD. Human feelings: why are some more aware than others? Trends Cogn Sci 2004 ; 8 (6) : 239-41.
76. Sierra-Mercado D, Jr., Corcoran KA, Lebron-Milad K, Quirk GJ. Inactivation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex reduces expression of conditioned fear and impairs subsequent recall of extinction. Eur J Neurosci 2006 ; 24 (6) : 1751-58.
77. Milad MR, Rauch SL, Pitman RK, Quirk GJ. Fear extinction in rats: implications for human brain imaging and anxiety disorders. Biol Psychol 2006 ; 73 (1) : 61-71.
78. Paulus MP, Stein MB. An insular view of anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 2006 ; 60 (4) 383-87.