A Life of Ernest Starling

A Life of Ernest Starling

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-227

  Henderson, John ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955631366     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-19-517780-0.X5000-X     Document Type: Book

References (200)

1. Ashton R. G.H. Lewes-An Unconventional Victorian 2000, 3. Pimlico, London.
2. Clarke E. Marshall Hall's entry. Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1972, Scribner, New York.
3. Cope Z. private medical schools of London (1746-1914). The Evolution of Medical Education in Britain 1966, Pitman Medical Publishing Co. Ltd, London. F.N.L. Poynter (Ed.).
4. Desmond A. Huxley: From Devil's Disciple to Evolutions' High Priest 1997, Penguin Books, New York.
5. Eccles JC British physiology-some highlights, 1870-1940. British Contributions to Medical Science 1971, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London. W.C. Gibson (Ed.).
6. Harte N, North J The world of UCL 1828-1990 1991, UCL, London.
7. Huxley T. On elementary instruction in physiology. Science and Education: Essays 1978, 294-302. Macmillan, 1893a, London, See.
8. Geison GL Michael Foster and the Cambridge School of Physiology 1893, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
9. Huxley T. The state and the medical profession. Science and Education: Essays 1893, 323-346. MacMillan, London.
10. Robb-Smith AHT Medical Education at Oxford and Cambridge prior to 1850. The Evolution of Medical Education in Britain 1966, Pitman Medical Publishing Co. Ltd, London. F.N.L. Poynter (Ed.).
11. Sanderson JB. From a copy of the letter in the original minute book of the Physiological Society 1867, Library of the Wellcome Institute, London Contemporary Medical Archives Centre (CMAC): SA/PHY.
12. Sharpey-Schafer E. History of the Physiological Society during its first Fifty Years 1876-1926 1927, 1. Oxford University Press, London.
13. Sykes AH Foster & Sharpey's tour of Europe. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 2000, 54(1):47-52.
14. Tansey EM Women Physiologists 1993, 3-16. Portland Press, London. L. Bindman, A. Brading, T. Tansey (Eds.).
15. Barcroft H. The Bayliss-Starling memorial lecture 1976: Lymph formation by secretion or filtration?. J Physiol 1976, 260:1-20.
16. Barcroft J. The entry for "Starling". Dictionary of National Biography 1928, 807-809. 1922-30, Oxford University Press, London.
17. Bayliss L. The details of Bayliss's life come mainly from his son, Leonard. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 1960, 4:460-478.
18. Bayliss WM, Starling EH On the electromotive phenomena of the mammalian heart. International Monatsschrift f. Anat Physiol 1892, 9:256-281.
19. Bayliss WM, Starling EH On some points in the innervation of the mammalian heart. J. Physiol 1892, 13:407-418.
20. Bayliss WM, Starling EH Observations on venous pressures and their relationship to capillary pressures. J Physiol 1894, 16:159-202.
21. Chapman CB Ernest Henry Starling-the physician's physiologist. Ann Int Med 1962, 57(suppl 2):1-43. part 2.
22. Frank RG The tell-tale heart: physiological instruments, graphic methods and clinical hopes, 1854-1914. This outstanding account is. The Investigative Enterprise 1988, 230-245. University of California Press, Berkeley. W. Coleman, F.L. Holmes (Eds.).
23. Heidenhain R Versuche und fragen zur lehre von der lymphbilding. Pflügers Archives 1891, Bd XLIX.
24. Kedem O, Katchalsky A Thermodynamic analysis of the permeability of biological membranes to non-electrolytes. Biochem Biophys Acta 1958, 27:229-246.
25. Levick JR Exper Physiol 1991, 76:825-857.
26. Levick JR Phys Soc Mag 1996, 22:26-30.
27. Martin CJ Obituary "EH Starling". British Medical Journal 1927, 1:900-905.
28. Michel CC Starling: the formulation of his hypothesis of micro-vascular fluid exchange and its significance after 100 yars. Exper Physiol 1977, 82:1-30.
29. Pye-Smith PH Obituary notice of the late Leonard Charles Wooldridge. Guy's Hosp Rep 1889, 46:35-42.
30. Starling EH Contribution to the physiology of lymph secretion. J Physiol 1892, 14:131-153.
31. Starling EH The influence of mechanical factors on lymph production. J Physiol 1894, 16:224-267.
32. Starling EH On the mode of action of lymphagogues. J Physiol 1894, 17:30-37.
33. Starling EH On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces. J Physiol 1896, 19:312-326.
34. Starling EH Letter to Evans, 17 Jan 1919. the Wellcome Library (CMAC:PP/CLE) 1892.
35. Starling EH Hopkins FG. Notes on the urine in a case of phosphorus poisoning. Guy's Hosp Rep 1890, 47:275-278.
36. Starling EH, Tubby AH On absorption and secretion into the serous cavities. J Physiol 1894, 19:312-326.
37. Tawara S. Das Reizleitungssystem des Saugertierherzens 1906, Gustav Fischer, Jena.
38. Bayliss WM, Starling EH The movements and innervation of the small intestine. J Physiol 1899, 24:99-143.
39. Butler S. Science and the education of doctors in the nineteenth century. PhD dissertation in the University of Manchester 1981.
40. Cannon WB The movements of the intestines studied by means of the Röntgen rays. Am J Physiol 1902, 6:251-277.
41. Geison G. Michael Foster and the Cambridge School of Physiology 1978, 139. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
42. Geison G. In the Wills Library on the Guy's campus. Guy's Hospital Gazette May 1897.
43. Harte N, North J. The world of UCL 1828-1990 1991, University College, London, London.
44. Krogh A. The Anatomy and Physiology of Capillaries 1936, 283. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
45. Physiological Society minute books 1897.
46. Starling EH Letter to the Dean 1895.
47. Starling EH The glomerular functions of the kidney. J Physiol 1899, 24:317-330.
48. Starling EH, Verney EB The secretion of urine as studied in the isolated kidney. Proc R Soc B 1924, 97:321-361.
49. UCL council minutes, July 28, 1890 (Records office, UCL).
50. UCL council minutes, July 31 1890 (Records office, UCL).
51. Anonymous The pentacle of rejuvenescence. Brit Med J 1889, 1:1416. annotation.
52. Anonymous. Letter to Brit Med J 1418-1419. November 16, 1907.
53. Anonymous A new institute of physiology in London. Brit Med J 1909, 1:1436-1444.
54. Babkin BP Pavlov-a Biography 1949, 229. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
55. Bayliss WM, Starling EH The mechanism of pancreatic secretion. J Physiol 1902, 28:325-353.
56. Bernard C. Mémoire sur le Pancréas 1856, Bailliere, Paris, (Translated by J. Henderson. London: Academic Press, 1985).
57. The "Brown Dog" trial is from the Times law reports of November 15-18, 1903.
58. Evans CAL The First Bayliss-Starling Lecture: "Reminiscences of Bayliss and Starling" 1964, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
59. Cushing H The Life of Sir Willam Osler 1940, 766. Oxford University Press, London.
60. Franklin KJ Joseph Barcroft 1953, 153. Blackwell, Oxford.
61. Harte N, North J The World of UCL 1828-1990 1991, UCL, London. Rev. ed.
62. Huxley TH "On Medical Education" (1870). Science and Education 1893, This is a reprinted lecture included in, Macmillan and Co, London.
63. Martin CJ Obituary of EH Starling. Brit Med J 1927, 1:900-905.
64. Merrington WR University College Hospital Medical School: a History 1976, Heinemann, London.
65. Needham J Order and Life 1936, 80. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
66. O'Connor WJ British Physiologists 1885-1914. A Biographical Dictionary 1991, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
67. Pavlov IP Nobel Lectures (Physiology and Medicine) 1901-1921 1967, 133-161. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
68. Starling EH Introductory Address: London's debt to medicine. British Medical Journal 1903, 2:911-913.
69. Webb Beatrice Our Partnership 1948, 99. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. B. Drake, M.L.S.E. Cole (Eds.).
70. Anrep GV On the part played by the suprarenals in the normal vascular reactions of the body. J Physiol 1912, 45:307-317.
71. Anrep G. "Studies in Cardiovascular Regulation," Cooper Lane Medical Lectures. Stant Univ Pub Med Sci. 1956, 3:199. See also.
72. Gaddum JH Gleb Anrep. Biog Mems Roy Soc 1936, 2:18-34.
73. Bayliss WM, Starling EH Die chemische Ko-ordination der Funktionen des Körpers. Ergebn Physiol 1906, 5(Abt 2):664-697.
74. Burton AC Physiology and Biophysics of the Circulation 1972, 153. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago. 2nd ed.
75. Chapman C, Mitchell J Starling on the Heart 1965, Dawsons of Pall Mall, London.
76. Frank O Zur dynamik des herzmuskels. Z Biol 1895, 32:370-447.
77. Gregory RA The gastro-intestinal hormones. This good historical review is in a book of similar essays. The Pursuit of Nature 1977, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A.L. Hodgkin (Ed.).
78. Gremels H. Uber den einfluss von digitalisglykosiden auf die energetischen vorgange am saugetierherzen. Arch f exper Path u Pharmakol 1937, 186:625-660.
79. Hales S. Statical Essays 1740, W. Innys and others, London. 2nd ed.
80. Haller A. Physiology, being a course of lectures upon the visceral anatomy and vital oeconomy of human bodies 1754, 78-90. Translated by Samuel Nihles. London: Innys and Richardson.
81. Hamilton WF Role of the Starling concept in regulation of the normal circulation. Physiol Rev 1955, 35:161-168.
82. Hill AV, Pavlov IP Brit Med J 1936, 1:508-509.
83. Howell WH, Donaldson F Experiments upon the heart of a dog with reference to the maximum volume of blood sent out by the left veatricle. Phil Trans Roy Soc 1884, 175:139-160.
84. Katz AM Ernest Henry Starling, his predecessors, and the "Law of the Heart". Circulation 2002, 106:2986.
85. Knowlton FP, Starling EH The influence of variations in temperature and blood-pressure on the performance of the isolated mammalian heart. J Physiol 1912, 44:206-219.
86. Levick JR An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology 1991, 69. Butterworths, London.
87. Markwalder J, Starling EH On the constancy of the systolic output under varying conditions. J Physiol 1914, 48:348-356.
88. Martin HN A new method of studying the mammalian heart. Studies Biol Lab Johns Hopkins Univ June 1881-1882, 2:119-130.
89. McMichael J. Pharmacology of the Failing Human Heart 1950, 11. Blackwell Publications, Oxford.
90. Patterson SW, Piper H, Starling EH The regulation of the heart beat. J Physiol 1914, 48:465-513.
91. Patterson SW, Starling EH On the mechanical factors which determine the output of the ventricles. J Physiol 1914, 48:357-379.
92. Roy CS On the influences which modify the work of the heart. J Physiol 1879, 1:452-496.
93. Starling EH The Arris and Gale lectures. The Lancet February 27, 1897, I:569-572.
94. Starling EH The Arris and Gale lectures. The Lancet March 6, 1897, I:652-655.
95. Starling EH The Arris and Gale lectures. The Lancet March 13, 1897, I:723-726.
96. Starling EH The Linacre Lecture on the Law of the Heart 1918, Longmans Green and Co., London.
97. Starling EH On the circulatory changes associated with exercise. J Roy Army Med Corps 1920, 34:258-272.
98. Starling EH There are several versions of the heart-lung preparation in Starling's publications 1930.
99. Wezler K Otto Frank zum Gedachtnis. Zeitschrift f. Biologie 1950, 103(2):96-97.
100. Little EG Little's criticisms of Starling's summary of the Haldane Commission. Brit Med J 1913, May 31:1170-1173. (Letter).
101. Starling EH. We have seen an account of his radical lecture to UCL students (Chapter 3) in 1903, where many of these views first appeared in print.
102. Starling EH The report of the Royal Commission in reference to medical teaching in London. Brit Med J 1913, May 17:1063-1066.
103. Starling EH The report of the Royal Commission in reference to medical teaching in London. Brit Med J 1913, May 31:1168-1172.
104. Briant K A biography. Marie Stopes 1962, 91-92. Hogarth Press, London.
105. Drummond JC, Wilbraham A The Englishman's Food 1939, 520. Jonathan Cape, London, London. First Edition.
106. Drummond JC, Wilbraham A The Englishman's Food 1939, 522. London, Jonathan Cape, London. First Edition.
107. Evans CL Reminiscences of Bayliss and Starling. Journal of Physiology 1964, (Lecture given 22 March, 1963).
108. Evans CL. Letters to EH Starling. May 20, 1916. Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine (CMAC. PP/CLE).
109. Haber LF The Poisonous Cloud. Chemical Warfare in the First World War 1986, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
110. Hale-White's obituary of Starling British Medical Journal 1927, 1:941.
111. Krogh A Letter quoted in Schmidt-Nielsen B. August and Marie Krogh. Lives in Science 1995, 109-128. Oxford University Press, New York, American Physiological Society.
112. Palmer A. The Gardeners of Salonika 1999, Andre Deutsch, London, 1965.
113. Starling EH From a letter to A. Krogh in the Royal Library, Copenhagen. August Krogh Archives. Tilg. 2000, 459:1914. Quoted by.
114. Henriksen J Ernest Henry Starling (1866-1927) 2000, Laegeforeningens forlag, Copenhagen.
115. Starling EH August and Marie Krogh. Lives in Science 1995, Letter quoted in Schmidt-Nielsen B, American Physiological Society, Oxford University Press, New York.
116. Starling, EH. 2000. to Colonel Horrocks, Nov 7, 1915b. Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine. CMAC. PP/CLE.
117. Starling, EH. 2000. to Colonel Horrocks, Feb 22, 1916a. Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine. CMAC. PP/CLE.
118. Starling, EH. 2000. to General Atkins, May 26, 1916b. Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine. CMAC. PP/CLE.
119. Starling, EH. 2000. to Merringham (?), May 29, 1916c. Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine. CMAC. PP/CLE.
120. Starling, EH. letter to his mother Nov 9, 1916d. (Family collection).
121. Starling, EH. 2000. Nov 27, 1916e.
122. Starling, EH. 2000. Jan 3, 1917a.
123. Starling, EH. 2000. March 29, 1917b.
124. Starling, EH. 2000. June 3, 1917c.
125. Starling, EH. 2000. July 11, 1917d.
126. Starling EH The Oliver Sharpey lectures. The Feeding of Nations 1919, Longmans Green and Co., London.
127. Starling EH The food supply of Germany during the war. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 1920, 83:225-245.
128. Dale HH. Letter Jan 20, 1919a. Wellcome Institute Library (CMAC:PP/CLE).
129. Dale HH. Letter Jan, 22, 1919b. Wellcome Institute Library (CMAC:PP/CLE).
130. Daly I de B The Second Bayliss-Starling Memorial Lecture. Some Aspects of Their Separate and Combined Research Interests. J Physiol 1967, 191:1-23.
131. Evans CAL The First Bayliss-Starling Memorial Lecture. Reminiscences of Bayliss and Starling 1964, 1-17. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
132. Merrington WR University College Hospital Medical School: A History 1976, Heinemannn, London.
133. Schäfer EA Science and classics in modern education. Nature 1916, 97(May, 18):251-252.
134. Starling EH Natural Science in education. Lancet 1918, 2:365-368.
135. Starling EH. Letter to CAL Evans, Jan 17, 1919; Wellcome Institute Library (CMAC: PP/CLE).
136. Babkin BP Pavlov-a Biography 1949, Chapter 17, Pavlov and the Bolsheviks, includes this part of his life, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
137. Bainbridge FA Evans CAL. The heart lung kidney preparation. J Physiol 1914, 48:278-286.
138. Banting FG Best GH. The internal secretion of the pancreas. J Lab Clin Med 1922, 7:251-266.
139. Barcroft H Bayliss-Starling Memorial Lecture: Lymph formation by secretion or filtration?. J Physiol 1976, 260:1-20. Henry Barcroft (Joseph Barcroft's son) began his lecture: "I must be one of those few here tonight to have met Starling".
140. Barcroft J, Baylise W Dictionary of National Biography 1924, 69-70. (Joseph), In the last sentence, Barcroft actually wrote "intercourse", not "conversation" but this seemed rather an unfortunate note on which to end our references to Bayliss's life, Oxford University Press, London.
141. Bayliss WM Principles of General Physiology 1915, Longmans Green and Co., London.
142. Cannon WB The Wisdom of the Body 1932, W. W. Norton, New York.
143. Cushny AR The Secretion of Urine 1917, Longmans Green and Co., London.
144. Daly I de B. Bayliss-Starling Memorial Lecture: Some aspects of their separate and combined research interests. J Physiol 1967, 191:1-23.
145. Daly I de B, Pickford LM, Ernest Bail Verney Biograph Mem Roy Soc 1968, 16:523-542. 1894-1967.
146. Drummond J, Wilbraham A The Englishman's Food 1939, Jonathan Cape, London.
147. Flexner A. 1921. In The Royal Society library under "Bayliss" and "Starling" correspondence.
148. Gillies H The navel on the knee. The Practitioner 1956, 177:512.
149. Henderson JR Mrs. Starling's leg. J Roy Soc Med 2000, 93:384-386.
150. Hill AV "The Present Tendencies and the Future Compass of Physiological Science." Inaugural lecture at UCL Oct 16, 1923. The Ethical Dilemma of Science and Other Writings 1962, 8. Scientific Book Guild, London.
151. Koestler A The Case of the Midwife Toad 1971, Pan Books, London.
152. Pavlov IP Conditioned Reflexes 1927, Translated by G. Anrep, (Reprinted by Dover Books, 1960.), Oxford University Press, Oxford.
153. Royal Society: Foulerton Research Fund minutes. Nov. 22,1922. CMB 64. LXXIII.
154. Royal Society Records, 1992, p. 80. CMB 64.
155. Smith HW From Fish to Philosopher 1959, 31-48. Doubleday, New York.
156. Starling EH The Glomerular function of the kidney. J Physiol 1899, 24:317-330. A paper that is extraordinarily neglected in the physiological literature; the chapter on glomerular filtration in.
157. Starling EH The Handbook of Physiology 1992, has 673 references on the subject without mention of Starling's work, American Physiological Society, Washington, D.C. E.E. Windhager (Ed.).
158. Starling EH. 1899. Letter to Muriel Patterson from her father (at Taviton Street) Nov. 10, 1922.
159. Starling EH The wisdom of the body. Brit. Med. J 1923, 2:685-690. (identical lecture in Lancet 2: 865-70, 1923.).
160. Starling EH The Law of the Heart. Proc Roy Inst Great Britain 1923-1924, 23:371-376.
161. Starling EH Scientific Worthies XLIII: Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov. Nature 1925, 115:1-3.
162. Starling EH, Verney EB Secretion of urine as studied on the isolated kidney. Proc Roy Soc 1924-1925, 97B:321-363.
163. Todes D Pavlov's Physiology Factory 2002, 142. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
164. Wearn JT, Richards AN Observations on the composition of glomerular urine. Am J Physiol 1924, 71:209-227.
165. Anrep GV, Starling EH Central and reflex regulation of the circulation. Proc Roy Soc B 1925, 97:463-487.
166. Banting FG, Best CH The internal secretion of the pancreas. J Lab Clin Med. 1922, 7:251-266.
167. Chapman C Ernest Henry Starling. Annals Int Med 1962, 57(Suppl 2):42.
168. Daly I de Burgh C Lovatt Evans. Biograph Mem Roy Soc 1970, 16:233-252.
169. Evans CAL The First Bayliss-Starling Memorial Lecture. Reminiscences of Bayliss and Starling 1964, 1-17. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
170. Henriksen JH Starling, his contemporaries and the Nobel Prize. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2003, 63:1-64.
171. Hering HE Die Karottissinusreflexe auf Herz und Gefässe 1927, Steinkopff, Leipzig.
172. Heymans J-F, Heymans C Recherches physiologiques et pharmacodynamiques sur la tête isolée du chien. Arch Int Pharmacodynam 1926, 32:1-33.
173. Huxley, AF. Letter from Sir Andrew Huxley to the author, May 2003.
174. Knowlton FP, Starling EH The influence of variations in temperature and blood pressure on the performance of the isolated mammalian heart. J Physiol 1912, 44:206-219.
175. Knowlton FP, Starling EH Experiments on the consumption of sugar in normal and diabetic heart. J Physiol 1912, 45:146-163.
176. Ludwig C, Cyon E Die Reflexe eines der sensiblen Nerven der Herzen auf die motorischen Nerven der Blutgefässe. Ber Sächs Ges (Akad) Wiss 1866, 18:307-329.
177. Martin CJ Obituary of EH Starling. Brit Med J. 1927, 1:900-905.
178. O'Connor WJ British Physiologists 1885-1914 1991, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
179. Schaepdryver AF Corneille Heymans. A collective biography 1973, The Heymans Foundation, Ghent, Belgium.
180. Starling, EH. This technical letter to Muriel was not wasted on her, for she had a degree in physiology. She actually had been a student at University College (with a first class degree) though there is no reference in any letter to her attending her father's department. She did not work as a physiologist, but became a civil servant until her marriage to Sydney Patterson.
181. Tepperman J The discovery of insulin. Endocrinology-People and Ideas 1988, 290. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD. S.M. McCann (Ed.).
182. Asher L Ernest H. Starling (Obituary). Ergebn. Physiol 1928, 27:XV.
183. Bayliss L William Bayliss, 1860-1924: Life and scientific work. Persp Biol Med 1961, 4:460.
184. Bonner TN Iconoclast. Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning 2002, 43. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD.
185. Chapman C A copy of the death certificate is in Carleton Chapman's "E. H. Starling-the clinicians physiologist". Ann Int Med 1962, 57(suppl. 2):17.
186. Dale HH Brit Med J 1927, 1:905. (Tribute to Starling).
187. Eccles JC British physiology-some highlights, 1870-1940. British Contributions to Medical Science 1971, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London. W.C. Gibson (Ed.).
188. Evans CL British masters of medicine. Ernest Henry Starling (1866-1927). Med Press and Circular London 1935, 190:536-541.
189. Hill AV Science and witchcraft or the nature of a university. The Ethical Dilemma of Science 1962, 91. The Scientific Book Guild, London.
190. Hill AV The third Bayliss-Starling memorial lecture. Bayliss and Starling and the happy fellowship of physiologists. J Physiol 1969, 204:1-13.
191. Martin CJ Obituary of E.H. Starling. Brit Med J 1927, 1:900-905.
192. Starling EH Medical education in England: the overloaded curriculum and the incubus of the examination system. Brit Med J 1918, 2:258-259.
193. Verney EB Some aspects of the work of Ernest Henry Starling. Ann Sci 1956, 12:30-47.
194. Von Frey M Ernest Henry Starling (Obituary). Munchen Med Wochenschr 1927, 74:898-899.
195. Starling EH, 1892. These three letters from Starling are in the Special Collections library in University College London. They are unnumbered.
196. Starling EH, 1893. Starling's title(s) are given as "Joint Lecturer in Physiology at Guy's Hospital and Grocers' Research Scholar." He supplemented his salary with support form the Grocers' company in the City of London, following a year's support from the British Medical Association. His address is given as "Physiological Institute, University of Breslau".
197. Starling F. Florence Starling wrote to her daughter Muriel, on Jan 4, 1922. Her letter puts the appointment in a slightly different light, for in 1899 Ernest had also applied for the chair of pathology at Cambridge. He was one of two people on the short list, the winner being Sims Woodhead, from Edinburgh. Florence wrote: "I remember Langley [the Cambridge Professor of Physiology] writing 'They could all go their own footling ways; he [Starling] should take no further lot nor pot with them' It stuck in my memory, as it was...first time I had heard the word 'footling' used". Her pretext for this letter was the death of Sims Woodhead in 1922; at the time, Starling actually contemplated sending his son-in-law's name for the vacant Cambridge chair (see Chapter 8).
198. Krogh A. Letter to Starling. Undated (it was in 1915). Starling had sent Krogh £8, and Krogh replies, pointing out how bad Starling's arithmetic was, and asking for another £5.
199. Flexner A. (1866-1959) graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1884 and founded a boy's school in Kentucky. He studied psychology at Harvard and then comparative education in Berlin. In 1908 he published The American College and, in 1909, Medical Education in the United States and Canada, books that had great influence, and led to Flexner being invited to give evidence to the Haldane Commission. A recent biography of Flexner (Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning by Thomas Neville Bonner, Johns Hopkins Press, 2002) describes how Flexner and Osler gave evidence to the Royal Commission, but makes no mention of Starling. Starling appears only once in the book (p. 184), where his name is misspelled.
200. Jack Drummond (1891-1952) was Professor of Biochemistry at UCL, and was one of the diners welcoming Starling back to the department after his operation in 1920. He was murdered on holiday in France (the murder was never solved).