메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 602-612

Intestinal absorption mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2: Stereoselectivity and involvement of ABC transporters

Author keywords

ABC transporters; Caco 2 cells; Ginsenoside Rh2; Intestinal Absorption; Stereoselectivity; Transport

Indexed keywords

2,4 DINITROPHENOL; ABC TRANSPORTER; CITRATE SODIUM; CYCLOSPORIN; DEOXYCHOLATE SODIUM; DODECYL SULFATE SODIUM; GINSENOSIDE RH 2; PROBENECID; QUERCETIN;

EID: 77955607007     PISSN: 00498254     EISSN: 13665928     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2010.500744     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0025804183 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between oral drug absorption in humans and apparent drug permeability coefficients in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells
    • Artursson P, Karlsson J. (1991). Correlation between oral drug absorption in humans and apparent drug permeability coefficients in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:880-885.
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.175 , pp. 880-885
    • Artursson, P.1    Karlsson, J.2
  • 2
    • 0344549853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng pharmacology: Multiple constituents and multiple actions
    • Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. (1999). Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol 58:1685-1693.
    • (1999) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.58 , pp. 1685-1693
    • Attele, A.S.1    Wu, J.A.2    Yuan, C.S.3
  • 3
    • 33748348661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of Korean red ginseng and its genuine constituents ginseno- sides Rg3, Rf, and Rh2 in mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and contact dermatitis models
    • Bae EA, Han MJ, Shin YW, Kim DH. (2006). Inhibitory effects of Korean red ginseng and its genuine constituents ginseno- sides Rg3, Rf, and Rh2 in mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and contact dermatitis models. Biol Pharm Bull 29:1862-1867.
    • (2006) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.29 , pp. 1862-1867
    • Bae, E.A.1    Han, M.J.2    Shin, Y.W.3    Kim, D.H.4
  • 4
    • 33745769730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, SLC10A2): A potential prodrug target
    • Balakrishnan A, Polli JE. (2006). Apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, SLC10A2): a potential prodrug target. Mol Pharm 3:223-230.
    • (2006) Mol Pharm , vol.3 , pp. 223-230
    • Balakrishnan, A.1    Polli, J.E.2
  • 5
    • 33751574640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug disposition in three dimensions: An update on stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics
    • Brocks DR. (2006). Drug disposition in three dimensions: an update on stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics. Biopharm Drug Dispos 27:387-406.
    • (2006) Biopharm Drug Dispos , vol.27 , pp. 387-406
    • Brocks, D.R.1
  • 6
    • 33644700720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of drug transporter levels in normal colon, colon cancer, and Caco-2 cells: Impact on drug disposition and discovery
    • Calcagno AM, Ludwig JA, Fostel JM, Gottesman MM, Ambudkar SV. (2006). Comparison of drug transporter levels in normal colon, colon cancer, and Caco-2 cells: impact on drug disposition and discovery. Mol Pharm 3:87-93.
    • (2006) Mol Pharm , vol.3 , pp. 87-93
    • Calcagno, A.M.1    Ludwig, J.A.2    Fostel, J.M.3    Gottesman, M.M.4    Ambudkar, S.V.5
  • 7
    • 18744403057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 growth arrest and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
    • Cheng CC, Yang SM, Huang CY, Chen JC, Chang WM, Hsu SL. (2005). Molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 growth arrest and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 55:531-540.
    • (2005) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. 531-540
    • Cheng, C.C.1    Yang, S.M.2    Huang, C.Y.3    Chen, J.C.4    Chang, W.M.5    Hsu, S.L.6
  • 8
    • 0025732815 scopus 로고
    • A model of human small intestinal absorptive cells. 1. Transport barrier
    • Cogburn JN, Donovan MG, Schasteen CS. (1991). A model of human small intestinal absorptive cells. 1. Transport barrier. Pharm Res 8:210-216.
    • (1991) Pharm Res , vol.8 , pp. 210-216
    • Cogburn, J.N.1    Donovan, M.G.2    Schasteen, C.S.3
  • 9
    • 0032793959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OATP and P-glycoprotein transporters mediate the cellular uptake and excretion of fexofenadine
    • Cvetkovic M, Leake B, Fromm MF, Wilkinson GR, Kim RB. (1999). OATP and P-glycoprotein transporters mediate the cellular uptake and excretion of fexofenadine. Drug Metab Dispos 27:866-871.
    • (1999) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.27 , pp. 866-871
    • Cvetkovic, M.1    Leake, B.2    Fromm, M.F.3    Wilkinson, G.R.4    Kim, R.B.5
  • 10
    • 0023950757 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of progabide from aqueous solutions in a modified recirculating rat intestinal perfusion system
    • Farraj NF, Davis SS, Parr GD, Stevens HNE. (1988). Absorption of progabide from aqueous solutions in a modified recirculating rat intestinal perfusion system. Int J Pharm, 43, 93-100.
    • (1988) Int J Pharm , vol.43 , pp. 93-100
    • Farraj, N.F.1    Davis, S.S.2    Parr, G.D.3    Stevens, H.N.E.4
  • 11
    • 0034960419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional assay for quantitation of the apparent affinities of ligands of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells
    • Gao J, Murase O, Schowen RL, Aube J, Borchardt RT. (2001). A functional assay for quantitation of the apparent affinities of ligands of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells. Pharm Res 18:171-176.
    • (2001) Pharm Res , vol.18 , pp. 171-176
    • Gao, J.1    Murase, O.2    Schowen, R.L.3    Aube, J.4    Borchardt, R.T.5
  • 12
    • 33646046536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a sensitive LC-ESI-MS assay for 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 and its pharmacokinetic application in dogs: A case for the influence of microniza- tion on traditional Chinese medicine
    • Gu Y, Wang G, Sun J, Xie H, Jia Y. (2006a). Development of a sensitive LC-ESI-MS assay for 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 and its pharmacokinetic application in dogs: A case for the influence of microniza- tion on traditional Chinese medicine. Int J Mass Spectrom, 252, 11-19.
    • (2006) Int J Mass Spectrom , vol.252 , pp. 11-19
    • Gu, Y.1    Wang, G.2    Sun, J.3    Xie, H.4    Jia, Y.5
  • 13
    • 33751169108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of ginsenoside Rh2 in rat biosamples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
    • Gu Y, Wang GJ, Sun JG, Jia YW, Xie HT, Wang W. (2006b). Quantitative determination of ginsenoside Rh2 in rat biosamples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:2043-2053.
    • (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.386 , pp. 2043-2053
    • Gu, Y.1    Wang, G.J.2    Sun, J.G.3    Jia, Y.W.4    Xie, H.T.5    Wang, W.6
  • 14
    • 68049127779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic characterization of ginsenoside Rh2, an anticancer nutrient from ginseng, in rats and dogs
    • Gu Y, Wang GJ, Sun JG, Jia YW, Wang W, Xu MJ, Lv T, Zheng YT, Sai Y. (2009). Pharmacokinetic characterization of ginsenoside Rh2, an anticancer nutrient from ginseng, in rats and dogs. Food Chem Toxicol 47:2257-2268.
    • (2009) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.47 , pp. 2257-2268
    • Gu, Y.1    Wang, G.J.2    Sun, J.G.3    Jia, Y.W.4    Wang, W.5    Xu, M.J.6    Lv, T.7    Zheng, Y.T.8    Sai, Y.9
  • 15
    • 0023612699 scopus 로고
    • Structure, biochemistry, and assembly of epithelial tight junctions
    • Gumbiner B. (1987). Structure, biochemistry, and assembly of epithelial tight junctions. Am J Physiol 253:C749-C758.
    • (1987) Am J Physiol , vol.253
    • Gumbiner, B.1
  • 16
    • 0037414470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SEK1-dependent JNK1 activation prolongs cell survival during G-Rh2-induced apoptosis
    • Ham YM, Chun KH, Choi JS, Kim DH, Lee SK. (2003). SEK1-dependent JNK1 activation prolongs cell survival during G-Rh2-induced apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 304:358-364.
    • (2003) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.304 , pp. 358-364
    • Ham, Y.M.1    Chun, K.H.2    Choi, J.S.3    Kim, D.H.4    Lee, S.K.5
  • 17
    • 33646001775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral absorption of ginseno- side Rb1 using in vitro and in vivo models
    • Han M, Sha X, Wu Y, Fang X. (2006). Oral absorption of ginseno- side Rb1 using in vitro and in vivo models. Planta Med 72: 398-404.
    • (2006) Planta Med , vol.72 , pp. 398-404
    • Han, M.1    Sha, X.2    Wu, Y.3    Fang, X.4
  • 18
    • 0141849078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of multidrug resistance-associated proteins in regulating cellular levels of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and its methyl metabolites
    • Hong J, Lambert JD, Lee SH, Sinko PJ, Yang CS. (2003). Involvement of multidrug resistance-associated proteins in regulating cellular levels of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and its methyl metabolites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 310:222-227.
    • (2003) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.310 , pp. 222-227
    • Hong, J.1    Lambert, J.D.2    Lee, S.H.3    Sinko, P.J.4    Yang, C.S.5
  • 19
    • 34547689154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chirality and pharmacokinetics: An area of neglected dimensionality?
    • Hutt AJ. (2007). Chirality and pharmacokinetics: an area of neglected dimensionality? Drug Metabol Drug Interact 22:79-112.
    • (2007) Drug Metabol Drug Interact , vol.22 , pp. 79-112
    • Hutt, A.J.1
  • 22
    • 6344294207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rh2, a compound extracted from ginseng, hypersensitizes multidrug-resistant tumor cells to chemotherapy
    • Jia WW, Bu X, Philips D, Yan H, Liu G, Chen X, Bush JA, Li G. (2004). Rh2, a compound extracted from ginseng, hypersensitizes multidrug-resistant tumor cells to chemotherapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 82:431-437.
    • (2004) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.82 , pp. 431-437
    • Jia, W.W.1    Bu, X.2    Philips, D.3    Yan, H.4    Liu, G.5    Chen, X.6    Bush, J.A.7    Li, G.8
  • 24
    • 21344437013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the tertiary structure of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) with tight hydrophobic packing near the chiral center is important for Na(+) channel regulation
    • Kang DI, Lee JY, Yang JY, Jeong SM, Lee JH, Nah SY, Kim Y. (2005). Evidence that the tertiary structure of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) with tight hydrophobic packing near the chiral center is important for Na(+) channel regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 333:1194-1201.
    • (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.333 , pp. 1194-1201
    • Kang, D.I.1    Lee, J.Y.2    Yang, J.Y.3    Jeong, S.M.4    Lee, J.H.5    Nah, S.Y.6    Kim, Y.7
  • 25
    • 0026102592 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro by ginsenoside Rh2 and adjuvant effects to cisplatin in vivo
    • Kikuchi Y, Sasa H, Kita T, Hirata J, Tode T, Nagata I. (1991). Inhibition of human ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro by ginsenoside Rh2 and adjuvant effects to cisplatin in vivo. Anticancer Drugs 2:63-67.
    • (1991) Anticancer Drugs , vol.2 , pp. 63-67
    • Kikuchi, Y.1    Sasa, H.2    Kita, T.3    Hirata, J.4    Tode, T.5    Nagata, I.6
  • 28
    • 32644455714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation of beta- endorphin by ginsenoside Rh2 to lower plasma glucose in strep - Tozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • Lai DM, Tu YK, Liu IM, Chen PF, Cheng JT. (2006). Mediation of beta- endorphin by ginsenoside Rh2 to lower plasma glucose in strep - tozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Med 72:9-13.
    • (2006) Planta Med , vol.72 , pp. 9-13
    • Lai, D.M.1    Tu, Y.K.2    Liu, I.M.3    Chen, P.F.4    Cheng, J.T.5
  • 29
    • 26444610004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatoprotective effect of 20(S)-ginsenosides Rg3 and its metabolite 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced liver injury
    • Lee HU, Bae EA, Han MJ, Kim DH. (2005). Hepatoprotective effect of 20(S)-ginsenosides Rg3 and its metabolite 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced liver injury. Biol Pharm Bull 28:1992-1994.
    • (2005) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.28 , pp. 1992-1994
    • Lee, H.U.1    Bae, E.A.2    Han, M.J.3    Kim, D.H.4
  • 30
    • 33645809108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, inhibits NMDA receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    • Lee E, Kim S, Chung KC, Choo MK, Kim DH, Nam G, Rhim H. (2006). 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, inhibits NMDA receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 536:69-77.
    • (2006) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.536 , pp. 69-77
    • Lee, E.1    Kim, S.2    Chung, K.C.3    Choo, M.K.4    Kim, D.H.5    Nam, G.6    Rhim, H.7
  • 31
    • 30744438329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption profiles of sanchinoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 in the rat intestine
    • Liang F, Hua JX. (2005). Absorption profiles of sanchinoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 in the rat intestine. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 30:261-268.
    • (2005) Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet , vol.30 , pp. 261-268
    • Liang, F.1    Hua, J.X.2
  • 32
    • 65749114119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20®-ginsenoside Rh2, not 20(S), is a selective osteoclastgen- esis inhibitor without any cytotoxicity
    • Liu J, Shiono J, Shimizu K, Yu H, Zhang C, Jin F, Kondo R. (2009). 20®-ginsenoside Rh2, not 20(S), is a selective osteoclastgen- esis inhibitor without any cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 19:3320-3323.
    • (2009) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.19 , pp. 3320-3323
    • Liu, J.1    Shiono, J.2    Shimizu, K.3    Yu, H.4    Zhang, C.5    Jin, F.6    Kondo, R.7
  • 33
    • 0037462036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro study of the relationship between the structure of ginsenoside and its antioxidative or prooxidative activity in free radical induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes
    • Liu ZQ, Luo XY, Liu GZ, Chen YP, Wang ZC, Sun YX. (2003). In vitro study of the relationship between the structure of ginsenoside and its antioxidative or prooxidative activity in free radical induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes. J Agric Food Chem 51:2555-2558.
    • (2003) J Agric Food Chem , vol.51 , pp. 2555-2558
    • Liu, Z.Q.1    Luo, X.Y.2    Liu, G.Z.3    Chen, Y.P.4    Wang, Z.C.5    Sun, Y.X.6
  • 34
    • 0018090476 scopus 로고
    • Direct effect of bile salts and phospholipids on the physical properties of mucus
    • Martin GP, Marriott C, Kellaway IW. (1978). Direct effect of bile salts and phospholipids on the physical properties of mucus. Gut 19:103-107.
    • (1978) Gut , vol.19 , pp. 103-107
    • Martin, G.P.1    Marriott, C.2    Kellaway, I.W.3
  • 35
    • 0021061819 scopus 로고
    • Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays
    • Mosmann T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55-63.
    • (1983) J Immunol Methods , vol.65 , pp. 55-63
    • Mosmann, T.1
  • 38
    • 61749098274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological and clinical role of drug transporters at the intestinal barrier
    • Oostendorp RL, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH. (2009). The biological and clinical role of drug transporters at the intestinal barrier. Cancer Treat Rev 35:137-147.
    • (2009) Cancer Treat Rev , vol.35 , pp. 137-147
    • Oostendorp, R.L.1    Beijnen, J.H.2    Schellens, J.H.3
  • 41
    • 0020569361 scopus 로고
    • Effects of extracellular calcium depletion on membrane topography and occluding junctions of mammary epithelial cells in culture
    • Pitelka DR, Taggart BN, Hamamoto ST. (1983). Effects of extracellular calcium depletion on membrane topography and occluding junctions of mammary epithelial cells in culture. J Cell Biol 96:613-624.
    • (1983) J Cell Biol , vol.96 , pp. 613-624
    • Pitelka, D.R.1    Taggart, B.N.2    Hamamoto, S.T.3
  • 42
    • 2442452643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and Rh2 reduce cell proliferation and increase sub-G1 cells in two cultured intestinal cell lines, Int-407 and Caco-2
    • Popovich DG, Kitts DD. (2004a). Ginsenosides 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and Rh2 reduce cell proliferation and increase sub-G1 cells in two cultured intestinal cell lines, Int-407 and Caco-2. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 82:183-190.
    • (2004) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.82 , pp. 183-190
    • Popovich, D.G.1    Kitts, D.D.2
  • 43
    • 4043137428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic studies on protopanaxa- diol, Rh2, and ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) extract induced cytotoxicity in intestinal Caco-2 cells
    • Popovich DG, Kitts DD. (2004b). Mechanistic studies on protopanaxa- diol, Rh2, and ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) extract induced cytotoxicity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:143-149.
    • (2004) J Biochem Mol Toxicol , vol.18 , pp. 143-149
    • Popovich, D.G.1    Kitts, D.D.2
  • 44
    • 0027497560 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the permeability characteristics of a human colonic epithelial (Caco-2) cell line to colon of rabbit, monkey, and dog intestine and human drug absorption
    • Rubas W, Jezyk N, Grass GM. (1993). Comparison of the permeability characteristics of a human colonic epithelial (Caco-2) cell line to colon of rabbit, monkey, and dog intestine and human drug absorption. Pharm Res 10:113-118.
    • (1993) Pharm Res , vol.10 , pp. 113-118
    • Rubas, W.1    Jezyk, N.2    Grass, G.M.3
  • 45
    • 0030833787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of absorption enhancers on the transport of model compounds in Caco-2 cell monolayers: Assessment by confocal laser scanning microscopy
    • Sakai M, Imai T, Ohtake H, Azuma H, Otagiri M. (1997). Effects of absorption enhancers on the transport of model compounds in Caco-2 cell monolayers: assessment by confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Pharm Sci 86:779-785.
    • (1997) J Pharm Sci , vol.86 , pp. 779-785
    • Sakai, M.1    Imai, T.2    Ohtake, H.3    Azuma, H.4    Otagiri, M.5
  • 46
    • 0031793115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity of absorption enhancers in Caco-2 cell monolayers
    • Sakai M, Imai T, Ohtake H, Otagiri M. (1998). Cytotoxicity of absorption enhancers in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Pharm Pharmacol 50:1101-1108.
    • (1998) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Sakai, M.1    Imai, T.2    Ohtake, H.3    Otagiri, M.4
  • 47
    • 65349166687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantioselective disposition of fexofenadine with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil
    • Sakugawa T, Miura M, Hokama N, Suzuki T, Tateishi T, Uno T. (2009). Enantioselective disposition of fexofenadine with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil. Br J Clin Pharmacol 67:535-540.
    • (2009) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.67 , pp. 535-540
    • Sakugawa, T.1    Miura, M.2    Hokama, N.3    Suzuki, T.4    Tateishi, T.5    Uno, T.6
  • 48
    • 33747090656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in mRNA expression of ABC- and SLC-transporters in human intestinal cells: Comparison between human segments and Caco-2 cells
    • Seithel A, Karlsson J, Hilgendorf C, Bjorquist A, Ungell AL. (2006). Variability in mRNA expression of ABC- and SLC-transporters in human intestinal cells: comparison between human segments and Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 28:291-299.
    • (2006) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.28 , pp. 291-299
    • Seithel, A.1    Karlsson, J.2    Hilgendorf, C.3    Bjorquist, A.4    Ungell, A.L.5
  • 49
    • 0024989760 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the weakly acidic uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and dimethyl sulfoxide on the coordination of Mg2+ with ATP. Possible mechanism of activation of the isolated F1-ATPase by 2,4-dinitrophenol
    • Shinohara Y, Yoshikawa K, Terada H. (1990). Effect of the weakly acidic uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and dimethyl sulfoxide on the coordination of Mg2+ with ATP. Possible mechanism of activation of the isolated F1-ATPase by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Biophys Chem 36:201-208.
    • (1990) Biophys Chem , vol.36 , pp. 201-208
    • Shinohara, Y.1    Yoshikawa, K.2    Terada, H.3
  • 50
    • 0036293772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa?
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1016140429238
    • Tang F, Horie K, Borchardt RT. (2002). Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa? Pharm Res 19:765-772. (Pubitemid 34686734)
    • (2002) Pharmaceutical Research , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 765-772
    • Tang, F.1    Horie, K.2    Borchardt, R.T.3
  • 51
    • 33746057821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional role of P-glycoprotein in limiting peroral drug absorption: Optimizing drug delivery
    • Varma MV, Perumal OP, Panchagnula R. (2006). Functional role of P-glycoprotein in limiting peroral drug absorption: optimizing drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:367-373.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Chem Biol , vol.10 , pp. 367-373
    • Varma, M.V.1    Perumal, O.P.2    Panchagnula, R.3
  • 52
    • 0346874450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional pharmacology, a subject ranging from ignorance to overstatements
    • Waldeck B. (2003). Three-dimensional pharmacology, a subject ranging from ignorance to overstatements. Pharmacol Toxicol 93:203-210.
    • (2003) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.93 , pp. 203-210
    • Waldeck, B.1
  • 56
    • 33748299055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of intestinal absorption and exsorption of digoxin in rats
    • Yao HM, Chiou WL. (2006). The complexity of intestinal absorption and exsorption of digoxin in rats. Int J Pharm 322:79-86.
    • (2006) Int J Pharm , vol.322 , pp. 79-86
    • Yao, H.M.1    Chiou, W.L.2
  • 57
    • 2142711101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavonoids are inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport
    • DOI 10.1124/mol.65.5.1208
    • Zhang S, Yang X, Morris ME. (2004). Flavonoids are inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport. Mol Pharmacol 65:1208-1216. (Pubitemid 38543491)
    • (2004) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 1208-1216
    • Zhang, S.1    Yang, X.2    Morris, M.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.