γ-Zeins are essential for endosperm modification in quality protein maize

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 107, Issue 29, 2010, Pages 12810-12815

  Wu, Yongrui ^a   Holding, David R ^b   Messing, Joachim ^a  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

Electron microscopy; Kernel hardness; Opaque phenotype; Stacking of RNAi events; Storage organs

Indexed keywords

GAMMA ZEIN; LYSINE; STARCH; TRYPTOPHAN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZEIN;

ARTICLE; AUTOSOME; BODY DENSITY; CHROMOSOME 7 S; ENDOSPERM; GENE LOCUS; GENE SILENCING; GENOTYPE; MAIZE; NONHUMAN; OPAQUE 2 GENE; PHENOTYPE; PLANT GENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN AGGREGATION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN QUALITY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RNA INTERFERENCE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SEED KERNEL; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

BREEDING; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; ENDOSPERM; GENE KNOCKDOWN TECHNIQUES; GENOTYPE; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHENOTYPE; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY; RNA INTERFERENCE; TRANSGENES; ZEA MAYS; ZEIN;

ZEA MAYS;

EID: 77955604886     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1004721107     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Moose SP, Dudley JW, Rocheford TR (2004) Maize selection passes the century mark: A unique resource for 21st century genomics. Trends Plant Sci 9:358-364.
2. Esen A (1987) A proposed nomenclature for the alcohol-soluble proteins (zeins) of maize (Zea mays L.). J Cereal Sci 5:117-128.
3. Osborne TB (1891) Process of extracting zein. US Patent 456773.
4. Sodek L, Wilson CM (1971) Amino acid composition of proteins isolated from normal, opaque-2, and floury-2 corn endosperms by a modified Osborne procedure. J Agric Food Chem 19:1144-1150.
5. Xu JH, Messing J (2008) Organization of the prolamin gene family provides insight into the evolution of the maize genome and gene duplications in grass species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:14330-14335.
6. Woo YM, Hu DW, Larkins BA, Jung R (2001) Genomics analysis of genes expressed in maize endosperm identifies novel seed proteins and clarifies patterns of zein gene expression. Plant Cell 13:2297-2317.
7. Larkins BA, Hurkman WJ (1978) Synthesis and deposition of zein in protein bodies of maize endosperm. Plant Physiol 62:256-263.
8. Lending CR, Larkins BA (1989) Changes in the zein composition of protein bodies during maize endosperm development. Plant Cell 1:1011-1023.
9. Wu Y, Messing J (2010) RNA interference-mediated change in protein body morphology and seed opacity through loss of different zein proteins. Plant Physiol 153:337-347.
10. Holding DR, et al. (2007) The maize floury1 gene encodes a novel endoplasmic reticulum protein involved in zein protein body formation. Plant Cell 19:2569-2582.
11. Kim CS, et al. (2004) A defective signal peptide in a 19-kD alpha-zein protein causes the unfolded protein response and an opaque endosperm phenotype in the maize De*-B30 mutant. Plant Physiol 134:380-387.
12. Coleman CE, et al. (1997) Expression of a mutant alpha-zein creates the floury2 phenotype in transgenic maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:7094-7097. (Pubitemid 27281996)
13. Coleman CE, Lopes MA, Gillikin JW, Boston RS, Larkins BA (1995) A defective signal peptide in the maize high-lysine mutant floury 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6828-6831.
14. Kim CS, et al. (2006) The maize Mucronate mutation is a deletion in the 16-kDa gamma-zein gene that induces the unfolded protein response. Plant J 48:440-451.
15. Mertz ET, Bates LS, Nelson OE (1964) Mutant gene that changes protein composition and increases lysine content of maize endosperm. Science 145:279-280.
16. Segal G, Song R, Messing J (2003) A new opaque variant of maize by a single dominant RNA-interference-inducing transgene. Genetics 165:387-397. (Pubitemid 37204082)
17. Osborne TB, Mendel LB (1914) Nutritional properties of proteins of the maize kernel. J Biol Chem 18(1):1-16.
18. Osborne TB, Mendel LB (1914) Amino-acids in nutrition and growth. J Biol Chem 17:325-349.
19. Emerson RA, Beadle GE, Fraser AC (1935) A summary of linkage studies in maize. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 180:1-83.
20. Vasal SK, Villegas E, Bjarnason M, Gelaw B, Goertz P (1980) Genetic modifiers and breeding strategies in developing hard endosperm opaque 2 materials. Improvement of Quality Traits of Maize for Grain and Silage Use, eds Prollmer MG, Phillips RH (Martinus Nijhoff, London), pp 37-73.
21. Geetha KB, Lending CR, Lopes MA, Wallace JC, Larkins BA (1991) Opaque-2 modifiers increase gamma-zein synthesis and alter its spatial distribution in maize endosperm. Plant Cell 3:1207-1219.
22. Schmidt RJ, Ketudat M, Aukerman MJ, Hoschek G (1992) Opaque-2 is a transcriptional activator that recognizes a specific target site in 22-kD zein genes. Plant Cell 4:689-700.
23. Ueda T, et al. (1992) Mutations of the 22- and 27-kD zein promoters affect transactivation by the Opaque-2 protein. Plant Cell 4:701-709.
24. Holding DR, et al. (2008) Genetic analysis of opaque2 modifier loci in quality protein maize. Theor Appl Genet 117:157-170.
25. Dannenhoffer JM, Bostwick DE, Or E, Larkins BA (1995) Opaque-15, a maize mutation with properties of a defective opaque-2 modifier. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1931-1935.
26. Thompson GA, Larkins BA (1994) Characterization of zein genes and their regulation in maize endosperm. The Maize Handbook, eds Freeling M, Walbot V (Springer-Verlag, New York), pp 639-647.
27. Holding DR, Larkins BA (2009) Zein storage proteins. Molecular Genetic Approaches to Maize Improvement, eds Kriz AL, Larkins BA (Springer, Berlin), pp 269-286.
28. Cord Neto G, et al. (1995) The involvement of Opaque 2 on beta-prolamin gene regulation in maize and Coix suggests a more general role for this transcriptional activator. Plant Mol Biol 27:1015-1029.
29. Or E, Boyer SK, Larkins BA (1993) Opaque2 modifiers act post-transcriptionally and in a polar manner on gamma-zein gene expression in maize endosperm. Plant Cell 5:1599-1609. (Pubitemid 2021810)
30. Wu Y, Goettel W, Messing J (2009) Non-Mendelian regulation and allelic variation of methionine-rich delta-zein genes in maize. Theor Appl Genet 119:721-731.
31. Gibbon BC, Wang X, Larkins BA (2003) Altered starch structure is associated with endosperm modification in Quality Protein Maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:15329-15334. (Pubitemid 38020989)
32. Wang X, Woo YM, Kim CS, Larkins BA (2001) Quantitative trait locus mapping of loci influencing elongation factor 1alpha content in maize endosperm. Plant Physiol 125:1271-1282. (Pubitemid 32224617)
33. Wolf MJ, Khoo U, Seckinger HL (1967) Subcellular structure of endosperm protein in high-lysine and normal corn. Science 157:556-557.
34. Lending CR, Larkins BA (1992) Effect of the floury-2 locus on protein body formation during maize endosperm development. Protoplasma 171:123-133.
35. Zhang F, Boston RS (1992) Increases in binding protein (BiP) accompany changes inprotein body morphology in three high-lysine mutants of maize. Protoplasma 171:142-152.
36. Duvick DN (1961) Protein granules of maize endosperm cells. Cereal Chem 38:374-385.
37. Clore AM, Dannenhoffer JM, Larkins BA (1996) EF-1[alpha] is associated with a cytoskeletal network surrounding protein bodies in maize endosperm cells. Plant Cell 8:2003-2014.
38. Balconi C, Berardo C, Reali A, Motto M (1998) Variation in protein fractions and nitrgen metabolism of developing normal and opaque endosperm mutants of maize. Maydica 43:195-203.
39. Hunter BG, et al. (2002) Maize opaque endosperm mutations create extensive changes in patterns of gene expression. Plant Cell 14:2591-2612.
40. Bass HW, Webster C, OBrian GR, Roberts JK, Boston RS (1992) A maize ribosome-inactivating protein is controlled by the transcriptional activator Opaque-2. Plant Cell 4:225-234.
41. Huang S, et al. (2004) Improving nutritional quality of maize proteins by expressing sense and antisense zein genes. J Agric Food Chem 52:1958-1964.
42. Oria MP, Hamaker BR, Axtell JD, Huang CP (2000) A highly digestible sorghum mutant cultivar exhibits a unique folded structure of endosperm protein bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:5065-5070.
43. Tesso T, Hamaker BR, Ejeta G (2008) Sorghum protein digestibility is affected by dosage of mutant alleles in endosperm cells. Plant Breeding 127:579-586.
44. Burr B, Burr FA (1976) Zein synthesis in maize endosperm by polyribosomes attached to protein bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:515-519.