메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 3-4, 2010, Pages 147-185

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: A review and synthesis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMENITY; CLIMATE EFFECT; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DICOTYLEDON; DISEASE CONTROL; EPIDEMIC; LIFE CYCLE; LITERATURE REVIEW; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; PROTEOMICS; RUST DISEASE; SILVICULTURE; TAXONOMY;

EID: 77955600967     PISSN: 14374781     EISSN: 14390329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00654.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (124)

References (332)
  • 1
    • 0035180134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastern white pine versatility in the presettlement forest
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Abrams MD. Eastern white pine versatility in the presettlement forest. Bioscience 2001, 51:967-979. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1313993, [Online]. Available:
    • (2001) Bioscience , vol.51 , pp. 967-979
    • Abrams, M.D.1
  • 3
    • 77955592244 scopus 로고
    • Forest and Sea Power: The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy, 1652-1862
    • MA, Harvard University Press, p
    • Albion RG. Forest and Sea Power: The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy, 1652-1862. Cambridge 1926, MA, Harvard University Press, p
    • (1926) Cambridge
    • Albion, R.G.1
  • 4
    • 0036073917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonindigenous species introductions: a threat to Canada's forests and forest economy
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Allen EA, Humble LM. Nonindigenous species introductions: a threat to Canada's forests and forest economy. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 2002, 24:103-110. http://pubs.nrccnrc.gc.ca/tcjpp/k02-006.html, [Online]. Available:
    • (2002) Can. J. Plant Pathol. , vol.24 , pp. 103-110
    • Allen, E.A.1    Humble, L.M.2
  • 7
    • 0034047632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial production of currents and gooseberries in the Inland Northwest and Intermountain West of the United States: Opportunities and risks
    • Barney DL. Commercial production of currents and gooseberries in the Inland Northwest and Intermountain West of the United States: Opportunities and risks. HortTechnology 2000, 10:557-561.
    • (2000) HortTechnology , vol.10 , pp. 557-561
    • Barney, D.L.1
  • 9
    • 77955607763 scopus 로고
    • Baumgartner DM, Lotan JE, Tonn JR. eds, Pullman, WA, Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service, p
    • Interior cedar-hemlock-white pine forests: Ecology and management symposium 1994, Baumgartner DMLotan JETonn JR. eds, Pullman, WA, Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service, p
    • (1994) Interior cedar-hemlock-white pine forests: Ecology and management symposium
  • 10
    • 77955622358 scopus 로고
    • Experience with antibiotics to control white pine blister rust
    • Benedict WV. Experience with antibiotics to control white pine blister rust. J. Forestry 1966, 64:382-384.
    • (1966) J. Forestry , vol.64 , pp. 382-384
    • Benedict, W.V.1
  • 12
    • 77955643626 scopus 로고
    • Experimental Ribes eradication, Stanislaus National Forest
    • Benedict WV, Harris TH. Experimental Ribes eradication, Stanislaus National Forest. J. Forestry 1931, 29:711-720.
    • (1931) J. Forestry , vol.29 , pp. 711-720
    • Benedict, W.V.1    Harris, T.H.2
  • 13
    • 0034126679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust in Vermont: Past, present, and concerns for the future
    • Bergdahl DR, Teillon HB. White pine blister rust in Vermont: Past, present, and concerns for the future. HortTechnology 2000, 10:537-541.
    • (2000) HortTechnology , vol.10 , pp. 537-541
    • Bergdahl, D.R.1    Teillon, H.B.2
  • 14
    • 77955616407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endophytic fungus flora from eastern white pine needles and apple tree leaves as a means of biological control for white pine blister rust
    • Jalkanen R, Crane PE, Walla JA, Aalto T. Ed. by, Res. Pap. 712, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute
    • Bérubé JA, Trudelle JG, Carisse O, Dessureault M. Endophytic fungus flora from eastern white pine needles and apple tree leaves as a means of biological control for white pine blister rust. 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference, Saariselkä, Finland, 1998 August 2-7 1998, 305-309. Jalkanen R, Crane PE, Walla JA, Aalto T. Ed. by, Res. Pap. 712, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, pp
    • (1998) 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference, Saariselkä, Finland, 1998 August 2-7 , pp. 305-309
    • Bérubé, J.A.1    Trudelle, J.G.2    Carisse, O.3    Dessureault, M.4
  • 16
    • 84982077755 scopus 로고
    • A proposed international program for testing white pine blister rust resistance
    • [Online]. doi
    • Bingham RT, Gremmen J. A proposed international program for testing white pine blister rust resistance. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 1971, 1:93-100. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1971.tb00292.x, [Online]. doi
    • (1971) Eur. J. For. Pathol. , vol.1 , pp. 93-100
    • Bingham, R.T.1    Gremmen, J.2
  • 19
    • 85005320968 scopus 로고
    • Blister rust in Romania
    • [Online]. doi
    • Blada I. Blister rust in Romania. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 1990, 20:55-58. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1990.tb01273.x, [Online]. doi
    • (1990) Eur. J. For. Pathol. , vol.20 , pp. 55-58
    • Blada, I.1
  • 20
    • 21444454451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic research and development of five-needle pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in Europe: an overview
    • Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SE, Kriebel HB. Ed. by, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, [Online]. Available:
    • Blada I, Popescu F. Genetic research and development of five-needle pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in Europe: an overview. Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 2004, 51-59. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p032.html, Sniezko RA, Samman SSchlarbaum SEKriebel HB. Ed. by, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 , pp. 51-59
    • Blada, I.1    Popescu, F.2
  • 21
    • 77955651856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15 Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-needle Pines Conference held from September 19-23, 2006, Valiug, Romania
    • Blada I, King J, Sniezko R. Eds
    • Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15 Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-needle Pines Conference held from September 19-23, 2006, Valiug, Romania. Annals of Forest Research 2008, 51:3-4. Blada IKing JSniezko R. Eds
    • (2008) Annals of Forest Research , vol.51 , pp. 3-4
  • 22
    • 20844453785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First report of white pine blister rust on Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Blodgett JT, Sullivan KF. First report of white pine blister rust on Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine. Plant Dis. 2004, 88:311. 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.3.311A, [Online]. doi
    • (2004) Plant Dis. , vol.88 , pp. 311
    • Blodgett, J.T.1    Sullivan, K.F.2
  • 23
    • 0042193855 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on white pine blister rust as compared by light and electron microscopy
    • [Online]. doi
    • Boyer MG, Isaac PK. Some observations on white pine blister rust as compared by light and electron microscopy. Can. J. Bot. 1964, 42:1305-1309. 10.1139/b64-124, [Online]. doi
    • (1964) Can. J. Bot. , vol.42 , pp. 1305-1309
    • Boyer, M.G.1    Isaac, P.K.2
  • 25
    • 0035088871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of introduced plant pathogens via interspecific hybridization
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Brasier CM. Rapid evolution of introduced plant pathogens via interspecific hybridization. Bioscience 2001, 51:123-133. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1313936, [Online]. Available:
    • (2001) Bioscience , vol.51 , pp. 123-133
    • Brasier, C.M.1
  • 26
    • 77955642018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brennan RM, Gordon SL, Williamson BW. eds, Leuven, Belgium, International Society for Horticultural Science
    • 8th International Rubus and Ribes symposium 2002a, 39-45. Brennan RMGordon SLWilliamson BW. eds, Leuven, Belgium, International Society for Horticultural Science, pp
    • (2002) 8th International Rubus and Ribes symposium , pp. 39-45
  • 27
    • 77955613526 scopus 로고
    • Recent discoveries extend distribution ranges of two destructive diseases of limber pine in southeastern Montana
    • Brown DH. Recent discoveries extend distribution ranges of two destructive diseases of limber pine in southeastern Montana. Plant Disease Reporter 1970, 54:441.
    • (1970) Plant Disease Reporter , vol.54 , pp. 441
    • Brown, D.H.1
  • 28
    • 0013668865 scopus 로고
    • Extension of the known distribution of Cronartium ribicola and Arceuthobium cyanocarpum on limber pine in Wyoming
    • Brown DH. Extension of the known distribution of Cronartium ribicola and Arceuthobium cyanocarpum on limber pine in Wyoming. Plant Disease Reporter 1978a, 62:905.
    • (1978) Plant Disease Reporter , vol.62 , pp. 905
    • Brown, D.H.1
  • 32
    • 0000997889 scopus 로고
    • Effects of secondary fungi on the epidemiology of western gall rust
    • [Online]. doi
    • Byler JW, Cobb FW, Parmeter JR. Effects of secondary fungi on the epidemiology of western gall rust. Can. J. Bot. 1972, 50:1061-1066. 10.1139/b72-130, [Online]. doi
    • (1972) Can. J. Bot. , vol.50 , pp. 1061-1066
    • Byler, J.W.1    Cobb, F.W.2    Parmeter, J.R.3
  • 33
    • 3543029965 scopus 로고
    • Rep. 79-3, San Francisco, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 5, Forest Insect and Disease Management, p
    • Byler JW, Parmeter JR. An evaluation of white pine blister rust in the Sierra Nevada 1979, Rep. 79-3, San Francisco, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 5, Forest Insect and Disease Management, p
    • (1979) An evaluation of white pine blister rust in the Sierra Nevada
    • Byler, J.W.1    Parmeter, J.R.2
  • 34
    • 77955620757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CABI, Wallingford, UK, CABS International
    • Cronartium ribicola 2000, CABI, Wallingford, UK, CABS International
    • (2000) Cronartium ribicola
  • 35
    • 77955617719 scopus 로고
    • comp, Symposium Proc. 0-P-6, Chalk River ON, Fisheries and Environment Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Petawawa National Forestry Institute, p
    • Cameron DA. White and Red Pine Symposium 1978, comp, Symposium Proc. 0-P-6, Chalk River ON, Fisheries and Environment Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Petawawa National Forestry Institute, p
    • (1978) White and Red Pine Symposium
    • Cameron, D.A.1
  • 37
    • 77955623634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whitebark pine in western Canada
    • Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics, Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics. [Online]. Available:
    • Whitebark pine in western Canada. 2007, http://www.genetics.forestry.ubc.ca/cfcg/pa-workshop.html, Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics, Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics. [Online]. Available:
    • (2007)
  • 40
    • 84888072724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cibrian Tovar D, Alvarado Rosales D, Garcia Diaz SE. eds, Chapingo, MX, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, p
    • Enfermedades Forestales de Mexico, Forest Diseases of Mexico 2007, Cibrian Tovar DAlvarado Rosales DGarcia Diaz SE. eds, Chapingo, MX, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, p
    • (2007) Enfermedades Forestales de Mexico, Forest Diseases of Mexico
  • 41
    • 0000302724 scopus 로고
    • Parasitism, morphology, and cytology of Cronartium ribicola
    • Colley RH. Parasitism, morphology, and cytology of Cronartium ribicola. Journal of Agricultural Research 1918, 15:619-659.
    • (1918) Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.15 , pp. 619-659
    • Colley, R.H.1
  • 42
    • 41849134034 scopus 로고
    • Peridermium kurilense Diet. on Pinus pumila Pall. and Peridermium indicum n. sp. on Pinus excelsa Wall
    • Colley RH, Taylor MW. Peridermium kurilense Diet. on Pinus pumila Pall. and Peridermium indicum n. sp. on Pinus excelsa Wall. Journal of Agricultural Research 1927, 34:327-330.
    • (1927) Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.34 , pp. 327-330
    • Colley, R.H.1    Taylor, M.W.2
  • 44
    • 34648854407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rep. R3-04-01, Albuquerque, NM, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwest Region, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Conklin DA. Development of the white pine blister rust outbreak in New Mexico 2004, http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/publications/documents/wp, Rep. R3-04-01, Albuquerque, NM, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwest Region, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Development of the white pine blister rust outbreak in New Mexico
    • Conklin, D.A.1
  • 45
    • 77955641007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R3-FH-09-01, Albuquerque, NM, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwest Region, Forestry and Forest Health, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Conklin DA, Fairweather ML, Ryerson DE, Geils BW, Vogler DR. White pines, blister rust and management in the Southwest 2009, http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/publications/documents/wp_mgmt_guide.pdf, R3-FH-09-01, Albuquerque, NM, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwest Region, Forestry and Forest Health, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2009) White pines, blister rust and management in the Southwest
    • Conklin, D.A.1    Fairweather, M.L.2    Ryerson, D.E.3    Geils, B.W.4    Vogler, D.R.5
  • 47
    • 0003660795 scopus 로고
    • Misc. Publ. 991, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Critchfield WB, Little EL. Geographic distribution of the pines of the world 1966, http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/little/, Misc. Publ. 991, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (1966) Geographic distribution of the pines of the world
    • Critchfield, W.B.1    Little, E.L.2
  • 49
    • 4644306920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of white pine blister rust in a high-hazard region of Wisconsin
    • Dahir SE, Cummings JEC. Incidence of white pine blister rust in a high-hazard region of Wisconsin. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 2001, 18:81-86.
    • (2001) Northern Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.18 , pp. 81-86
    • Dahir, S.E.1    Cummings, J.E.C.2
  • 50
    • 21444460799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics, breeding, improvement and conservation of Pinus strobus in Canada
    • Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SE, Kriebel HB. Ed. by, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, [Online]. Available:
    • Daoust G, Beaulieu J. Genetics, breeding, improvement and conservation of Pinus strobus in Canada. Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 2004, 3-11. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p032/rmrs_p032_003_011.pdf, Sniezko RA, Samman SSchlarbaum SEKriebel HB. Ed. by, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 , pp. 3-11
    • Daoust, G.1    Beaulieu, J.2
  • 52
    • 0347287364 scopus 로고
    • Stn. Pap. 3, Missoula, MT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, p
    • Davis KP, Moss VD. Blister rust control in the management of western white pine 1940, Stn. Pap. 3, Missoula, MT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, p
    • (1940) Blister rust control in the management of western white pine
    • Davis, K.P.1    Moss, V.D.2
  • 54
    • 77955625960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silvicultural methods of limiting blister rust in sugar pine
    • Kinloch BB, Marosy M, Huddleston ME. Ed. by, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources
    • DeNitto GA. Silvicultural methods of limiting blister rust in sugar pine. Sugar pine: Status, values, and roles in ecosystems, Davis, CA, 1992 March 30-April 1 1996, 179-184. Kinloch BBMarosy MHuddleston ME. Ed. by, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, pp
    • (1996) Sugar pine: Status, values, and roles in ecosystems, Davis, CA, 1992 March 30-April 1 , pp. 179-184
    • DeNitto, G.A.1
  • 55
    • 77955615076 scopus 로고
    • Blister rust appears in the Puget Sound region
    • Detwiler SB. Blister rust appears in the Puget Sound region. American Forestry 1922, 28:97-98.
    • (1922) American Forestry , vol.28 , pp. 97-98
    • Detwiler, S.B.1
  • 56
    • 77955612237 scopus 로고
    • Spare the currant and spoil the pine
    • Detwiler SB. Spare the currant and spoil the pine. American Forestry 1923, 29:337-340.
    • (1923) American Forestry , vol.29 , pp. 337-340
    • Detwiler, S.B.1
  • 57
    • 77955628717 scopus 로고
    • General aspects of the white pine situation
    • Detwiler SB. General aspects of the white pine situation. J. Forestry 1933, 31:514-521.
    • (1933) J. Forestry , vol.31 , pp. 514-521
    • Detwiler, S.B.1
  • 58
    • 0028904128 scopus 로고
    • Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Devey ME, Delfino-Mix A, Kinloch BB, Neale DB. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine. PNAS 1995, 92:2066-2070. 10.1073/pnas.92.6.2066, [Online]. doi
    • (1995) PNAS , vol.92 , pp. 2066-2070
    • Devey, M.E.1    Delfino-Mix, A.2    Kinloch, B.B.3    Neale, D.B.4
  • 59
    • 77955645633 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust control in Ontario as post-war employment
    • Dickson JR. White pine blister rust control in Ontario as post-war employment. Forestry Chronicle 1943, 19:40-43.
    • (1943) Forestry Chronicle , vol.19 , pp. 40-43
    • Dickson, J.R.1
  • 61
    • 0343317447 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of antibiotics against forest tree rusts: a summary of present status
    • Dimond AE. Effectiveness of antibiotics against forest tree rusts: a summary of present status. J. Forestry 1966, 64:379-382.
    • (1966) J. Forestry , vol.64 , pp. 379-382
    • Dimond, A.E.1
  • 62
    • 77955633383 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of Cronartium ribicola in Europe
    • Dufrenoy J. The occurrence of Cronartium ribicola in Europe. Phytopathology 1922, 6:302-304.
    • (1922) Phytopathology , vol.6 , pp. 302-304
    • Dufrenoy, J.1
  • 65
    • 0032029755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem
    • [Online]. doi
    • Ekramoddoullah AKM, Davidson JJ, Taylor DW. A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem. Can. J. For. Res. 1998, 28:412-417. 10.1139/cjfr-28-3-412, [Online]. doi
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 412-417
    • Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M.1    Davidson, J.J.2    Taylor, D.W.3
  • 66
    • 0000827233 scopus 로고
    • Changes in protein profile of susceptible and resistant sugar pine foliage infected with the white pine blister rust fungus Cronartium ribicola
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Ekramoddoullah AKM, Hunt RS. Changes in protein profile of susceptible and resistant sugar pine foliage infected with the white pine blister rust fungus Cronartium ribicola. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 1993, 15:259-264. http://www.cps-scp.ca/cjpp/cjpp1993.html, [Online]. Available:
    • (1993) Can. J. Plant Pathol. , vol.15 , pp. 259-264
    • Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M.1    Hunt, R.S.2
  • 67
    • 77950119738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbreitung, Status und Vergesellschaftrung von Pinus strobus in Osterreich
    • Essl F. Verbreitung, Status und Vergesellschaftrung von Pinus strobus in Osterreich. Tuexenia 2007, 27:59-72.
    • (2007) Tuexenia , vol.27 , pp. 59-72
    • Essl, F.1
  • 68
  • 69
    • 77955651456 scopus 로고
    • Controlling white pine blister rust in the Northeastern States
    • Filler EC. Controlling white pine blister rust in the Northeastern States. Phytopathology 1924, 14:53.
    • (1924) Phytopathology , vol.14 , pp. 53
    • Filler, E.C.1
  • 70
    • 77955594473 scopus 로고
    • Verbreitungsverhältuisee des Blasenrostes der Arve und Weymouthskiefer, Cronartium ribicola
    • Fischer E. Verbreitungsverhältuisee des Blasenrostes der Arve und Weymouthskiefer, Cronartium ribicola. Mitt. Naturforsch Gesell. (Berne) 1915, 1915:33.
    • (1915) Mitt. Naturforsch Gesell. (Berne) , vol.1915 , pp. 33
    • Fischer, E.1
  • 71
    • 0001119910 scopus 로고
    • Current status of the gene-for-gene concept
    • [Online]. doi
    • Flor HH. Current status of the gene-for-gene concept. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 1971, 9:275-296. 10.1146/annurev.py.09.090171.001423, [Online]. doi
    • (1971) Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. , vol.9 , pp. 275-296
    • Flor, H.H.1
  • 73
    • 50249157439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synoptic climatology of the long distance dispersal of white pine blister rust. II. Combination of surface and upper-level conditions
    • [Online]. doi
    • Frank KL, Geils BW, Kalkstein LS, Thistle HW. Synoptic climatology of the long distance dispersal of white pine blister rust. II. Combination of surface and upper-level conditions. Int. J. Biometeorol. 2008, 52:653-666. 10.1007/s00484-008-0158-3, [Online]. doi
    • (2008) Int. J. Biometeorol. , vol.52 , pp. 653-666
    • Frank, K.L.1    Geils, B.W.2    Kalkstein, L.S.3    Thistle, H.W.4
  • 76
    • 41949120834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endophyto-mediated resistance against white pine blister rust in Pinus monticola
    • [Online]. doi
    • Ganley RJ, Sniezko RA, Newcombe G. Endophyto-mediated resistance against white pine blister rust in Pinus monticola. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 255:2751-2760. 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.052, [Online]. doi
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.255 , pp. 2751-2760
    • Ganley, R.J.1    Sniezko, R.A.2    Newcombe, G.3
  • 77
    • 34250571101 scopus 로고
    • Über Seuchenzüge bei pflanlichen Infektionskrankheiten
    • Gäumann E. Über Seuchenzüge bei pflanlichen Infektionskrankheiten. Experientia 1945, 1:153-157.
    • (1945) Experientia , vol.1 , pp. 153-157
    • Gäumann, E.1
  • 80
    • 15944362787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and classification of Pinus
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Gernandt DS, López GG, García O S, Liston A. Phylogeny and classification of Pinus. Taxon 2005, 54:29-42. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25065300, [Online]. Available:
    • (2005) Taxon , vol.54 , pp. 29-42
    • Gernandt, D.S.1    López, G.G.2    García, O.S.3    Liston, A.4
  • 82
    • 77955651855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • tech. coords, R6-NR-FHP-2007 01, Portland, OR, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Goheen EM, Sniezko RA. Whitebark Pine: A Pacific Coast Perspective 2007, http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/wbpine/wbp-proceedings-2007.pdf, tech. coords, R6-NR-FHP-2007 01, Portland, OR, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2007) Whitebark Pine: A Pacific Coast Perspective
    • Goheen, E.M.1    Sniezko, R.A.2
  • 84
    • 3943108388 scopus 로고
    • Relative blister rust resistance of Pinus strobus in some parts of Europe
    • Bingham RT, Hoff RJ, McDonald GI. Ed. by, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, [Online]. Available:
    • Gremmen J. Relative blister rust resistance of Pinus strobus in some parts of Europe. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 1972, 241-250. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/35041, Bingham RTHoff RJMcDonald GI. Ed. by, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1972) Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 , pp. 241-250
    • Gremmen, J.1
  • 85
    • 0346790504 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust: a discussion of the disease and hazard zones for Ontario
    • Guelph, ON, Entomological Society of Ontario
    • Gross HL. White pine blister rust: a discussion of the disease and hazard zones for Ontario. White pine symposium Suppl. 116 1985, 73-79. Guelph, ON, Entomological Society of Ontario, pp
    • (1985) White pine symposium Suppl. 116 , pp. 73-79
    • Gross, H.L.1
  • 89
    • 33745637048 scopus 로고
    • Blister rust control as an element of white pine management
    • Haddow WR. Blister rust control as an element of white pine management. Forestry Chronicle 1956, 32:68-73.
    • (1956) Forestry Chronicle , vol.32 , pp. 68-73
    • Haddow, W.R.1
  • 93
    • 77955605021 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of seedlings of Ribes punctatum, an Andine current, to Cronartium ribicola
    • Hahn GG. Susceptibility of seedlings of Ribes punctatum, an Andine current, to Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 1939, 29:643-644.
    • (1939) Phytopathology , vol.29 , pp. 643-644
    • Hahn, G.G.1
  • 94
    • 0343753308 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of the non-existence of physiological races in Cronartium ribicola
    • Hahn GG. Evidence of the non-existence of physiological races in Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 1949, 39:85-87.
    • (1949) Phytopathology , vol.39 , pp. 85-87
    • Hahn, G.G.1
  • 95
    • 33746698277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New threats to forest health require quick and comprehensive research response
    • Hain F. New threats to forest health require quick and comprehensive research response. J. Forestry 2006, 104:182-186.
    • (2006) J. Forestry , vol.104 , pp. 182-186
    • Hain, F.1
  • 96
    • 0029743716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity between and within cankers of the white pine blister rust
    • Hamelin RC. Genetic diversity between and within cankers of the white pine blister rust. Phytopathology 1996, 86:875-879.
    • (1996) Phytopathology , vol.86 , pp. 875-879
    • Hamelin, R.C.1
  • 97
    • 0031790230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine-level genetic structure of white pine blister rust populations
    • [Online]. doi
    • Hamelin RC, Dusabenyagasani M, Et-touil K. Fine-level genetic structure of white pine blister rust populations. Phytopathology 1998, 88:1187-1191. 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.11.1187, [Online]. doi
    • (1998) Phytopathology , vol.88 , pp. 1187-1191
    • Hamelin, R.C.1    Dusabenyagasani, M.2    Et-touil, K.3
  • 98
    • 0033780744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barrier to gene flow between eastern and western populations of Cronartium ribicola in North America
    • [Online]. doi
    • Hamelin RC, Hunt RS, Geils BW, Jensen GD, Jacobi V, Lecours N. Barrier to gene flow between eastern and western populations of Cronartium ribicola in North America. Phytopathology 2000, 90:1073-1078. 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.10.1073, [Online]. doi
    • (2000) Phytopathology , vol.90 , pp. 1073-1078
    • Hamelin, R.C.1    Hunt, R.S.2    Geils, B.W.3    Jensen, G.D.4    Jacobi, V.5    Lecours, N.6
  • 99
    • 20844457810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of white pine blister rust: Recombination and spatial distribution
    • [Online]. doi
    • Hamelin RC, Allaire M, Bergeron M-J, Nicole M-C, Lecoures N. Molecular epidemiology of white pine blister rust: Recombination and spatial distribution. Phytopathology 2005, 95:793-799. 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0793, [Online]. doi
    • (2005) Phytopathology , vol.95 , pp. 793-799
    • Hamelin, R.C.1    Allaire, M.2    Bergeron, M.-J.3    Nicole, M.-C.4    Lecoures, N.5
  • 100
    • 12644282692 scopus 로고
    • Types of germination and differentiation of vesicles by basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola
    • Hansen EM, Patton RF. Types of germination and differentiation of vesicles by basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 1975, 65:1061-1071.
    • (1975) Phytopathology , vol.65 , pp. 1061-1071
    • Hansen, E.M.1    Patton, R.F.2
  • 101
    • 0001273099 scopus 로고
    • Factors important in artificial inoculation of Pinus strobus with Cronartium ribicola
    • Hansen EM, Patton RF. Factors important in artificial inoculation of Pinus strobus with Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 1977, 67:1108-1112.
    • (1977) Phytopathology , vol.67 , pp. 1108-1112
    • Hansen, E.M.1    Patton, R.F.2
  • 102
    • 0000432292 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust in southern New Mexico
    • [Online]. doi
    • Hawksworth FG. White pine blister rust in southern New Mexico. Plant Dis. 1990, 74:938. 10.1094/PD-74-0938A, [Online]. doi
    • (1990) Plant Dis. , vol.74 , pp. 938
    • Hawksworth, F.G.1
  • 105
    • 0042043908 scopus 로고
    • Forest protection
    • For. Res. Rep. 14 (Separate 4, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • Hepting GH, Jemison GM. Forest protection. Timber resources for America's future 1958, 183-220. For. Res. Rep. 14 (Separate 4, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp
    • (1958) Timber resources for America's future , pp. 183-220
    • Hepting, G.H.1    Jemison, G.M.2
  • 106
    • 0343317427 scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature and authorship of white pine blister rust
    • Kaneko S, Katsuya K, Kakishima M, Ono Y. Ed. by, Kukizaki, Japan, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Microbiology Section
    • Hiratsuka Y. Nomenclature and authorship of white pine blister rust. 4th IUFRO Rusts of Pines Working Party Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 1994 October 2-7 1995b, 77-80. Kaneko SKatsuya KKakishima MOno Y. Ed. by, Kukizaki, Japan, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Microbiology Section, pp
    • (1995) 4th IUFRO Rusts of Pines Working Party Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 1994 October 2-7 , pp. 77-80
    • Hiratsuka, Y.1
  • 107
    • 33645025593 scopus 로고
    • Castilleja miniata: a new alternate host of Cronartium ribicola
    • Hiratsuka Y, Maruyama PJ. Castilleja miniata: a new alternate host of Cronartium ribicola. Plant Disease Reporter 1976, 60:241.
    • (1976) Plant Disease Reporter , vol.60 , pp. 241
    • Hiratsuka, Y.1    Maruyama, P.J.2
  • 108
    • 77955598473 scopus 로고
    • Hiratsuka Y, Samoil JK, Blenis PV, Crane PE, Laishley BL. eds, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, p. [Online]. Available:
    • 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference 1991, http://nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/bookstore_pdfs/11789.pdf, Hiratsuka YSamoil JKBlenis PVCrane PELaishley BL. eds, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (1991) 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference
  • 109
    • 77955639510 scopus 로고
    • The development of blister rust on young planted northern white pine
    • Hirt RR. The development of blister rust on young planted northern white pine. J. Forestry 1939, 37:967-969.
    • (1939) J. Forestry , vol.37 , pp. 967-969
    • Hirt, R.R.1
  • 111
    • 77955592555 scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of white pine blister rust in the Northeast
    • Hirt RR. Fifty years of white pine blister rust in the Northeast. J. Forestry 1956, 54:435-438.
    • (1956) J. Forestry , vol.54 , pp. 435-438
    • Hirt, R.R.1
  • 113
    • 77955633050 scopus 로고
    • Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-232, Ogden, UT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, p
    • Hoff RJ. Western white pine: an annotated bibliography 1987, Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-232, Ogden, UT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, p
    • (1987) Western white pine: an annotated bibliography
    • Hoff, R.J.1
  • 114
    • 85005218746 scopus 로고
    • Relative blister rust resistance of white pines
    • [Online]. doi
    • Hoff RJ, Bingham RT, McDonald GI. Relative blister rust resistance of white pines. Eur. J. Forest Pathol. 1980, 10:307-316. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1980.tb00042.x, [Online]. doi
    • (1980) Eur. J. Forest Pathol. , vol.10 , pp. 307-316
    • Hoff, R.J.1    Bingham, R.T.2    McDonald, G.I.3
  • 115
    • 13044273229 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic qualities and growth-potential of Pinus cembra and Pinus peuce in Europe
    • Bingham RT, Hoff RJ, McDonald GI. Ed. by, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, [Online]. Available:
    • Holzer K. Intrinsic qualities and growth-potential of Pinus cembra and Pinus peuce in Europe. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 1972, 99-110. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/35041, Bingham RTHoff RJMcDonald GI. Ed. by, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1972) Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 , pp. 99-110
    • Holzer, K.1
  • 117
    • 0342882562 scopus 로고
    • Relation of forest management to the control of white pine blister rust
    • Hubert EE. Relation of forest management to the control of white pine blister rust. J. Forestry 1928, 28:892-898.
    • (1928) J. Forestry , vol.28 , pp. 892-898
    • Hubert, E.E.1
  • 118
    • 33745347329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical and cellular responses of Pinus monticola stem tissues to invasion by Cronartium ribicola
    • [Online]. doi
    • Hudgins JW, McDonald GI, Zambino PJ, Klopfenstein NB, Franceschi VR. Anatomical and cellular responses of Pinus monticola stem tissues to invasion by Cronartium ribicola. For. Pathol. 2005, 35:1-35. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2005.00425.x, [Online]. doi
    • (2005) For. Pathol. , vol.35 , pp. 1-35
    • Hudgins, J.W.1    McDonald, G.I.2    Zambino, P.J.3    Klopfenstein, N.B.4    Franceschi, V.R.5
  • 119
    • 77955633933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horticulture of Ribes
    • Hummer KE, Dale A. Horticulture of Ribes. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:251-263.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 251-263
    • Hummer, K.E.1    Dale, A.2
  • 120
    • 0034047630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Ribes, Pines, and White Pine Blister Rust; 1999 Sept. 8-10; Corvallis, OR
    • Hummer KE, Sniezko RA. Introduction: Ribes, Pines, and White Pine Blister Rust; 1999 Sept. 8-10; Corvallis, OR. HortTechnology 2000, 10:514.
    • (2000) HortTechnology , vol.10 , pp. 514
    • Hummer, K.E.1    Sniezko, R.A.2
  • 121
    • 0013674327 scopus 로고
    • Natural inactivation of blister rust cankers on western white pine
    • Hungerford RD. Natural inactivation of blister rust cankers on western white pine. Forest Science 1977, 23:343-350.
    • (1977) Forest Science , vol.23 , pp. 343-350
    • Hungerford, R.D.1
  • 122
    • 0022251251 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence of heterothallism in Cronartium ribicola
    • [Online]. doi
    • Hunt RS. Experimental evidence of heterothallism in Cronartium ribicola. Can. J. Bot. 1985, 63:1086-1088. 10.1139/b85-149, [Online]. doi
    • (1985) Can. J. Bot. , vol.63 , pp. 1086-1088
    • Hunt, R.S.1
  • 123
    • 0001675334 scopus 로고
    • Abies
    • Ed. by, New York, Oxford University Press, [Online]. Available:
    • Hunt RS. Abies. Flora of North America North of Mexico 1993, 245-362. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=100024, Ed. by, New York, Oxford University Press, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1993) Flora of North America North of Mexico , pp. 245-362
    • Hunt, R.S.1
  • 124
    • 0003158849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pruning western white pine in British Columbia to reduce white pine blister rust losses: 10-year results
    • Hunt RS. Pruning western white pine in British Columbia to reduce white pine blister rust losses: 10-year results. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 1998, 13:60-63.
    • (1998) Western Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.13 , pp. 60-63
    • Hunt, R.S.1
  • 126
    • 33645388136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Info. Rep. BC-X-397, Victoria, BC, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Hunt RS. Blister-rust-resistant western white pines for British Columbia 2004b, Info. Rep. BC-X-397, Victoria, BC, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, p. [Online]. Available: http://bookstore.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/detail_e.php?recid=12584329
    • (2004) Blister-rust-resistant western white pines for British Columbia
    • Hunt, R.S.1
  • 127
    • 29644433720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of plant age and length of growing season on the development of blister rust cankers in western white pine
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Hunt RS. Effect of plant age and length of growing season on the development of blister rust cankers in western white pine. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 2005, 27:453-457. http://pubs.nrccnrc.gc.ca/tcjpp/k05-051.html, [Online]. Available:
    • (2005) Can. J. Plant Pathol. , vol.27 , pp. 453-457
    • Hunt, R.S.1
  • 128
    • 69949097539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of western white pine and blister rust in British Columbia
    • Hunt RS. History of western white pine and blister rust in British Columbia. Forestry Chronicle 2009, 85:516-520.
    • (2009) Forestry Chronicle , vol.85 , pp. 516-520
    • Hunt, R.S.1
  • 129
    • 0034044772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long infection period for white pine blister rust in coastal British Columbia
    • Hunt RS, Jensen GD. Long infection period for white pine blister rust in coastal British Columbia. HortTechnology 2000, 10:530-532.
    • (2000) HortTechnology , vol.10 , pp. 530-532
    • Hunt, R.S.1    Jensen, G.D.2
  • 130
    • 77955638332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White Pines, Ribes, and Bluster Rust: Integration and action
    • Hunt RS, Geils BW, Hummer KE. White Pines, Ribes, and Bluster Rust: Integration and action. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:402-417.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 402-417
    • Hunt, R.S.1    Geils, B.W.2    Hummer, K.E.3
  • 131
    • 33645034377 scopus 로고
    • The blister rusts on Pinus pumila in Japan
    • Kaneko S, Katsuya K, Kakishima M, Ono Y. Ed. by, Kukizaki, Japan, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Microbiology Section
    • Imazu M, Kakishima M. The blister rusts on Pinus pumila in Japan. 4th IUFRO Rusts of Pines Working Party Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 1994 October 2-7 1995, 27-36. Kaneko S, Katsuya KKakishima MOno Y. Ed. by, Kukizaki, Japan, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Microbiology Section, pp
    • (1995) 4th IUFRO Rusts of Pines Working Party Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 1994 October 2-7 , pp. 27-36
    • Imazu, M.1    Kakishima, M.2
  • 132
    • 77955634940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rep. 03-4, Missoula, MT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, Forest Health Protection, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Jackson M, Lockman IB. Update on limber pine decline and mortality on the Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana 2003, http://www.fs.fed.us/r1-r4/spf/fhp/publications/bystate/r1pub034.pdf, Rep. 03-4, Missoula, MT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, Forest Health Protection, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2003) Update on limber pine decline and mortality on the Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana
    • Jackson, M.1    Lockman, I.B.2
  • 133
    • 77955595776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jalkanen R, Crane PE, Walla JA, Aalto T. eds, Res. Pap. 7, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, p
    • 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference 1998, Jalkanen RCrane PEWalla JAAalto T. eds, Res. Pap. 7, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, p
    • (1998) 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference
  • 134
    • 33746871437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of a full-length CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene analog candidate from sugar pine showing low nucleotide diversity
    • Tree Genetics and Genomes 1 [Online]. doi
    • Jermstad KD, Sheppard LA, Kinloch BB, Delfino-Mix A, Ersoz ES, Krutovsky KV, Neale DB. Isolation of a full-length CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene analog candidate from sugar pine showing low nucleotide diversity. 2006, 10.1007/s11295-005-0029-6, Tree Genetics and Genomes 1 [Online]. doi
    • (2006)
    • Jermstad, K.D.1    Sheppard, L.A.2    Kinloch, B.B.3    Delfino-Mix, A.4    Ersoz, E.S.5    Krutovsky, K.V.6    Neale, D.B.7
  • 135
    • 20844458450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First report of white pine blister rust in Colorado
    • [Online]. doi
    • Johnson DW, Jacobi WR. First report of white pine blister rust in Colorado. Plant Dis. 2000, 84:595. 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.5.595D, [Online]. doi
    • (2000) Plant Dis. , vol.84 , pp. 595
    • Johnson, D.W.1    Jacobi, W.R.2
  • 136
    • 67349273209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and morphological evidence for interspecific hybridization between Cronartium ribicola and C. comandrae on Pinus flexilis in southwestern Alberta
    • [Online]. doi
    • Joly DL, Langor DW, Hamelin RC. Molecular and morphological evidence for interspecific hybridization between Cronartium ribicola and C. comandrae on Pinus flexilis in southwestern Alberta. Plant Dis. 2006, 90:1552. 10.1094/PD-90-1552A, [Online]. doi
    • (2006) Plant Dis. , vol.90 , pp. 1552
    • Joly, D.L.1    Langor, D.W.2    Hamelin, R.C.3
  • 137
    • 77955635614 scopus 로고
    • Kaneko S, Katsuya K, Kakishima M, Ono Y. eds, Kukizaki, Japan, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Microbiology Section, p
    • 4th IUFRO Rust of Pines Working Party Conference 1995, Kaneko SKatsuya KKakishima MOno Y. eds, Kukizaki, Japan, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Microbiology Section, p
    • (1995) 4th IUFRO Rust of Pines Working Party Conference
  • 138
    • 0030805179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aeciospores of Cronartium flaccidum, C. ribicola and Endocronartium pini show no differences in morphology
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kasanen R. Aeciospores of Cronartium flaccidum, C. ribicola and Endocronartium pini show no differences in morphology. For. Pathol. 1997, 27:251-260. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1997.tb00867.x, [Online]. doi
    • (1997) For. Pathol. , vol.27 , pp. 251-260
    • Kasanen, R.1
  • 140
    • 34547411577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and incidence of white pine blister rust in central and southwestern Wyoming and northern Colorado
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kearns HSJ, Jacobi WR. The distribution and incidence of white pine blister rust in central and southwestern Wyoming and northern Colorado. Can. J. For. Res. 2007, 37:462-472. 10.1139/X06-231, [Online]. doi
    • (2007) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 462-472
    • Kearns, H.S.J.1    Jacobi, W.R.2
  • 141
    • 53949103353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Ribes, an alternate host of white pine blister rust, in Colorado and Wyoming
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Kearns HSJ, Jacobi WR, Burns KS, Geils BW. Distribution of Ribes, an alternate host of white pine blister rust, in Colorado and Wyoming. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 2008, 135:423-437. http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3159/07-RA-055.1, [Online]. Available:
    • (2008) J. Torrey Bot. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 423-437
    • Kearns, H.S.J.1    Jacobi, W.R.2    Burns, K.S.3    Geils, B.W.4
  • 142
    • 67549119457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for estimating white pine blister rust canker age on limber pine in the central Rocky Mountains
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kearns HSJ, Jacobi WR, Geils BW. A method for estimating white pine blister rust canker age on limber pine in the central Rocky Mountains. For. Pathol. 2009, 39:177-191. 10.1111/j.14390329.2008.00575.x, [Online]. doi
    • (2009) For. Pathol. , vol.39 , pp. 177-191
    • Kearns, H.S.J.1    Jacobi, W.R.2    Geils, B.W.3
  • 143
    • 0008806552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The war against blister rust in Yellowstone National Park, 1945-1978
    • Kendall KC, Asebrook JM. The war against blister rust in Yellowstone National Park, 1945-1978. George Wright Forum 1998, 15:36-49.
    • (1998) George Wright Forum , vol.15 , pp. 36-49
    • Kendall, K.C.1    Asebrook, J.M.2
  • 144
    • 0000711092 scopus 로고
    • Western white pine management programs realigned on Northern Rocky Mountains National Forests
    • Ketcham DE, Wellner CA, Evans SS. Western white pine management programs realigned on Northern Rocky Mountains National Forests. J. Forestry 1968, 66:329-332.
    • (1968) J. Forestry , vol.66 , pp. 329-332
    • Ketcham, D.E.1    Wellner, C.A.2    Evans, S.S.3
  • 145
    • 77955638099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust in Korea, Japan, and other Asian regions: Comparisons and implications for North America
    • Kim M-S, Klopfenstein NB, Ota Y, Lee SK, Woo K-S, Kaneko S. White pine blister rust in Korea, Japan, and other Asian regions: Comparisons and implications for North America. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:382-401.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 382-401
    • Kim, M.-S.1    Klopfenstein, N.B.2    Ota, Y.3    Lee, S.K.4    Woo, K.-S.5    Kaneko, S.6
  • 146
    • 33745116931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The five-needle pines in British Columbia, Canada: past, present and future
    • Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SE, Kriebel HB. Ed. by, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, [Online]. Available:
    • King JN, Hunt RS. The five-needle pines in British Columbia, Canada: past, present and future. Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 2004, 12-19. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p032/rmrs_p032_012_019.pdf, Sniezko RA, Samman SSchlarbaum SEKriebel HB. Ed. by, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 , pp. 12-19
    • King, J.N.1    Hunt, R.S.2
  • 147
    • 77955652093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of genetic approaches to the management of blister rust in white pines
    • King JN, David A, Noshad D, Smith J. A review of genetic approaches to the management of blister rust in white pines. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:292-313.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 292-313
    • King, J.N.1    David, A.2    Noshad, D.3    Smith, J.4
  • 148
    • 0000119366 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and frequency of a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of sugar pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB. Distribution and frequency of a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of sugar pine. Can. J. Bot. 1992, 70:1319-1323. 10.1139/b92-165, [Online]. doi
    • (1992) Can. J. Bot. , vol.70 , pp. 1319-1323
    • Kinloch, B.B.1
  • 149
    • 77955621079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic interactions of white pines and blister rust in western North America
    • In: 7th International Conference of Plant Pathology, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1998 August 9-16
    • Kinloch BB. Genetic interactions of white pines and blister rust in western North America. 1998, In: 7th International Conference of Plant Pathology, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1998 August 9-16
    • (1998)
    • Kinloch, B.B.1
  • 150
    • 0043244891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust in North American: Past and prognosis
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB. White pine blister rust in North American: Past and prognosis. Phytopathology 2003, 93:1044-1047. 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.1044, [Online]. doi
    • (2003) Phytopathology , vol.93 , pp. 1044-1047
    • Kinloch, B.B.1
  • 151
    • 0000401542 scopus 로고
    • Relative effectiveness and stability of different resistance mechanisms to white pine blister rust in sugar pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB, Byler JW. Relative effectiveness and stability of different resistance mechanisms to white pine blister rust in sugar pine. Phytopathology 1981, 71:386-391. 10.1094/Phyto-71-386, [Online]. doi
    • (1981) Phytopathology , vol.71 , pp. 386-391
    • Kinloch, B.B.1    Byler, J.W.2
  • 152
    • 0030069297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of Cronartium ribicola. I. Axenic culture of haploid clones
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB, Dupper GE. Genetics of Cronartium ribicola. I. Axenic culture of haploid clones. Can. J. Bot. 1996, 74:456-460. 10.1139/b96-056, [Online]. doi
    • (1996) Can. J. Bot. , vol.74 , pp. 456-460
    • Kinloch, B.B.1    Dupper, G.E.2
  • 153
    • 0344889173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of virulence in Cronartium ribicola to major gene resistance in sugar pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB, Dupper GE. Evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of virulence in Cronartium ribicola to major gene resistance in sugar pine. Phytopathology 1999, 89:192-196. 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.3.192, [Online]. doi
    • (1999) Phytopathology , vol.89 , pp. 192-196
    • Kinloch, B.B.1    Dupper, G.E.2
  • 154
    • 77955598139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinloch BB, Marosy M, Huddleston ME. eds, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, p
    • Sugar pine: Status, Values, and Roles in Ecosystems 1996, Kinloch BBMarosy MHuddleston ME. eds, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, p
    • (1996) Sugar pine: Status, Values, and Roles in Ecosystems
  • 155
    • 0000094265 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust: Simply inherited resistance in sugar pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB, Parks GO, Fowler CW. White pine blister rust: Simply inherited resistance in sugar pine. Science 1970, 167:193-195. 10.1126/science.167.3915.193, [Online]. doi
    • (1970) Science , vol.167 , pp. 193-195
    • Kinloch, B.B.1    Parks, G.O.2    Fowler, C.W.3
  • 156
    • 0344172568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A major gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in western white pine from the western Cascade Range
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Kinloch BB, Sniezko RA, Barns GD, Greathouse TE. A major gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in western white pine from the western Cascade Range. Phytopathology 1999, 89:861-867. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.10.861, [Online]. Available:
    • (1999) Phytopathology , vol.89 , pp. 861-867
    • Kinloch, B.B.1    Sniezko, R.A.2    Barns, G.D.3    Greathouse, T.E.4
  • 157
    • 0037609586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and distribution of Cr2, a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of western white pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB, Sniezko RA, Dupper GE. Origin and distribution of Cr2, a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of western white pine. Phytopathology 2003, 93:691-694. 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.6.691, [Online]. doi
    • (2003) Phytopathology , vol.93 , pp. 691-694
    • Kinloch, B.B.1    Sniezko, R.A.2    Dupper, G.E.3
  • 158
    • 2942755891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence gene distribution and dynamics of the white pine blister rust pathogen in western North America
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kinloch BB, Sniezko RA, Dupper GE. Virulence gene distribution and dynamics of the white pine blister rust pathogen in western North America. Phytopathology 2004, 94:751-758. 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.7.751, [Online]. doi
    • (2004) Phytopathology , vol.94 , pp. 751-758
    • Kinloch, B.B.1    Sniezko, R.A.2    Dupper, G.E.3
  • 160
    • 77955652193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der Stroben-blasenrost
    • Kirisits T. Der Stroben-blasenrost. Forstzeitung 2007, 4:15.
    • (2007) Forstzeitung , vol.4 , pp. 15
    • Kirisits, T.1
  • 162
    • 50249116278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on the southern extent of white pine blister rust in California
    • Rep. R02-01, Vallejo, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Forest Health Protection, p
    • Kliejunas JT. An update on the southern extent of white pine blister rust in California. 2002, Rep. R02-01, Vallejo, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Forest Health Protection, p
    • (2002)
    • Kliejunas, J.T.1
  • 163
    • 77955625000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of whitebark pine and other high-elevation five-needle pines with emphasis on Pacific coastal ecosystems: What are the issues and concerns?
    • Goheen EM, Sniezko RA. Ed. by, R6-NR-FHP-2007-01, Portland, OR, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, [Online]. Available:
    • Kliejunas JT, Dunlap JM. Status of whitebark pine and other high-elevation five-needle pines with emphasis on Pacific coastal ecosystems: What are the issues and concerns? Whitebark pine: a Pacific Coast Perspective, Ashland, OR, 2006 August 27-31 2007, 29-35. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/wbpine/papers/2007-wbp-status-kliejunas.pdf, Goheen EM, Sniezko RA. Ed. by, R6-NR-FHP-2007-01, Portland, OR, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2007) Whitebark pine: a Pacific Coast Perspective, Ashland, OR, 2006 August 27-31 , pp. 29-35
    • Kliejunas, J.T.1    Dunlap, J.M.2
  • 165
    • 77955592887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the geographic variation of Pinus cembra in the Alpine Mountains
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Klumpp RT. On the geographic variation of Pinus cembra in the Alpine Mountains. Annals of Forest Research 2008, 51:151. http://www.e-afr.org, [Online]. Available:
    • (2008) Annals of Forest Research , vol.51 , pp. 151
    • Klumpp, R.T.1
  • 166
    • 77955601418 scopus 로고
    • White pines in North and Central America: Pinus strobus and introduced Asian and European species
    • Bingham RT, Hoff RJ, McDonald GI. Ed. By, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, [Online]. Available:
    • Kriebel HB. White pines in North and Central America: Pinus strobus and introduced Asian and European species. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 1972, 210-214. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/35041, Bingham RTHoff RJMcDonald GI. Ed. By, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1972) Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 , pp. 210-214
    • Kriebel, H.B.1
  • 167
    • 0021038476 scopus 로고
    • Breeding eastern white pine: a world-wide perspective
    • [Online]. doi
    • Kriebel HB. Breeding eastern white pine: a world-wide perspective. For. Ecol. Manage. 1983, 6:263-279. 10.1016/S0378-1127(83)80006-1, [Online]. doi
    • (1983) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.6 , pp. 263-279
    • Kriebel, H.B.1
  • 168
    • 33745157173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics and breeding of five-needled pines in the eastern United States
    • Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SE, Kriebel HB. Ed. By, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, [Online]. Available:
    • Kriebel HB. Genetics and breeding of five-needled pines in the eastern United States. Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 2004, 20-27. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p032/rmrs_p032_020_027.pdf, Sniezko RASamman SSchlarbaum SEKriebel HB. Ed. By, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 , pp. 20-27
    • Kriebel, H.B.1
  • 169
    • 60449086067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FHTET 2007-06, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, p
    • Krist F, Sapio F, Tkacz BM. Mapping risk from forest insects and diseases 2006, FHTET 2007-06, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, p
    • (2006) Mapping risk from forest insects and diseases
    • Krist, F.1    Sapio, F.2    Tkacz, B.M.3
  • 170
    • 34547455919 scopus 로고
    • Mode of entrance and periods in the life cycle of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus monticola
    • Lachmund HG. Mode of entrance and periods in the life cycle of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus monticola. J. Agric. Res. 1933, 47:791-805.
    • (1933) J. Agric. Res. , vol.47 , pp. 791-805
    • Lachmund, H.G.1
  • 171
    • 0008064801 scopus 로고
    • Damage to Pinus monticola by Cronartium ribicola at Garibaldi, British Columbia
    • Lachmund HG. Damage to Pinus monticola by Cronartium ribicola at Garibaldi, British Columbia. J. Agric. Res. 1934b, 49:239-249.
    • (1934) J. Agric. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 239-249
    • Lachmund, H.G.1
  • 172
    • 0342708061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of Cronartium ribicola in Pinus strobus plantations
    • Jalkanen R, Crane PE, Walla JA, Aalto T. Ed. By, Res. Pap. 712, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute
    • Laflamme G, Blais R, Desgagné D. Control of Cronartium ribicola in Pinus strobus plantations. 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference, Saariselkä, Finland, 1998 August 2-7 1998, 299-303. Jalkanen R, Crane PE, Walla JAAalto T. Ed. By, Res. Pap. 712, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, pp
    • (1998) 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference, Saariselkä, Finland, 1998 August 2-7 , pp. 299-303
    • Laflamme, G.1    Blais, R.2    Desgagné, D.3
  • 174
    • 77955593195 scopus 로고
    • Info. Leaf. LFC-X-23E, Sainte-Foy, QB, Canadian Forestry Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, p
    • Lavallée A. White pine blister rust infection hazard zones 1986a, Info. Leaf. LFC-X-23E, Sainte-Foy, QB, Canadian Forestry Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, p
    • (1986) White pine blister rust infection hazard zones
    • Lavallée, A.1
  • 175
    • 9944229826 scopus 로고
    • Zones de vulnérabilité du pin blanc à la rouille vésiculeuse au Québec
    • Lavallée A. Zones de vulnérabilité du pin blanc à la rouille vésiculeuse au Québec. Forestry Chronicle 1986b, 62:24-28.
    • (1986) Forestry Chronicle , vol.62 , pp. 24-28
    • Lavallée, A.1
  • 176
    • 0343317404 scopus 로고
    • The ineffectiveness of cycloheximide and phytoactin as chemical controls of the blister rust disease
    • Leaphart CD, Wicker EF. The ineffectiveness of cycloheximide and phytoactin as chemical controls of the blister rust disease. Plant Disease Reporter 1968, 52:6-10.
    • (1968) Plant Disease Reporter , vol.52 , pp. 6-10
    • Leaphart, C.D.1    Wicker, E.F.2
  • 177
    • 77955602061 scopus 로고
    • Über die geographische Verbreitung von Cronartium ribicola
    • Lepik E. Über die geographische Verbreitung von Cronartium ribicola. Eesti Loodus (Estonia) 1934, 2:52-55.
    • (1934) Eesti Loodus (Estonia) , vol.2 , pp. 52-55
    • Lepik, E.1
  • 178
    • 0000093966 scopus 로고
    • Gene centers as sources of disease resistance
    • [Online]. doi
    • Leppik EE. Gene centers as sources of disease resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1970, 8:323-344. 10.1146/annurev.py.08.090170.001543, [Online]. doi
    • (1970) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , vol.8 , pp. 323-344
    • Leppik, E.E.1
  • 179
    • 0009855488 scopus 로고
    • Description des champigons de l'Herbier du Muséum de Paris
    • Léveillé J-H. Description des champigons de l'Herbier du Muséum de Paris. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Ser. 3) 1846, 5:111-272.
    • (1846) Ann. Sci. Nat. (Ser. 3) , vol.5 , pp. 111-272
    • Léveillé, J.-H.1
  • 184
    • 0013689125 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust on limber pine in South Dakota
    • [Online]. doi
    • Lundquist JE, Geils BW, Johnson DW. White pine blister rust on limber pine in South Dakota. Plant Dis. 1992, 76:538. 10.1094/PD-76-0538A, [Online]. doi
    • (1992) Plant Dis. , vol.76 , pp. 538
    • Lundquist, J.E.1    Geils, B.W.2    Johnson, D.W.3
  • 185
    • 77955597162 scopus 로고
    • Disease Rep. 1, 5270, San Francisco, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, California Region, p
    • MacGregor NJ. BRC Program Review, Progress Report 1 1969, Disease Rep. 1, 5270, San Francisco, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, California Region, p
    • (1969) BRC Program Review, Progress Report 1
    • MacGregor, N.J.1
  • 186
    • 33745513265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botanical epidemiology: some key advances and its continuing role in disease management
    • [Online]. doi
    • Madden LV. Botanical epidemiology: some key advances and its continuing role in disease management. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2006, 115:3-23. 10.1007/s10658-005-1229-5, [Online]. doi
    • (2006) Eur. J. Plant Pathol. , vol.115 , pp. 3-23
    • Madden, L.V.1
  • 187
    • 0030614138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust control in North America: a case history
    • [Online]. doi
    • Maloy OC. White pine blister rust control in North America: a case history. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1997, 35:87-109. 10.1146/annurev.phyto.35.1.87, [Online]. doi
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , vol.35 , pp. 87-109
    • Maloy, O.C.1
  • 188
    • 0242658827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carl Freiherr von Tubeuf: Pioneer in biological control of plant diseases
    • [Online]. doi
    • Maloy OC, Lang KL. Carl Freiherr von Tubeuf: Pioneer in biological control of plant diseases. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2003, 41:41-52. 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095444, [Online]. doi
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , vol.41 , pp. 41-52
    • Maloy, O.C.1    Lang, K.L.2
  • 190
    • 77955596112 scopus 로고
    • Marquis RW. ed, Stn. Pap. 121, Upper Darby, PA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station, p
    • What's known about managing eastern white pine 1959, Marquis RW. ed, Stn. Pap. 121, Upper Darby, PA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station, p
    • (1959) What's known about managing eastern white pine
  • 191
    • 0344075457 scopus 로고
    • Ribes eradication effectively controls white pine blister rust
    • Martin JF. Ribes eradication effectively controls white pine blister rust. J. Forestry 1944, 42:255-260.
    • (1944) J. Forestry , vol.42 , pp. 255-260
    • Martin, J.F.1
  • 194
    • 77955617410 scopus 로고
    • The present status of white pine blister rust in Canada
    • McCallum AW. The present status of white pine blister rust in Canada. Phytopathology 1923, 13:291.
    • (1923) Phytopathology , vol.13 , pp. 291
    • McCallum, A.W.1
  • 196
    • 33645016834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedicularis and Castilleja are natural hosts of Cronartium ribicola in North America: a first report
    • [Online]. doi
    • McDonald GI, Richardson BA, Zambino PJ, Klopfenstein NB, Kim M-S. Pedicularis and Castilleja are natural hosts of Cronartium ribicola in North America: a first report. For. Pathol. 2006, 36:73-82. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2006.00432.x, [Online]. doi
    • (2006) For. Pathol. , vol.36 , pp. 73-82
    • McDonald, G.I.1    Richardson, B.A.2    Zambino, P.J.3    Klopfenstein, N.B.4    Kim, M.-S.5
  • 197
    • 34547907753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturalization of host-dependent microbes after introduction into terrestrial ecosystems
    • Lundquist JE, Hamelin RC. Ed. By, St. Paul, MN, American Phytopathological Society Press
    • McDonald GI, Zambino PJ, Klopfenstein NB. Naturalization of host-dependent microbes after introduction into terrestrial ecosystems. Forest Pathology From Genes to Landscapes 2005b, 41-57. Lundquist JE, Hamelin RC, Ed. By, St. Paul, MN, American Phytopathological Society Press, pp
    • (2005) Forest Pathology From Genes to Landscapes , pp. 41-57
    • McDonald, G.I.1    Zambino, P.J.2    Klopfenstein, N.B.3
  • 198
    • 9944255009 scopus 로고
    • Studies on white pine blister rust in Nova Scotia
    • McGinn WK, Davidson AG. Studies on white pine blister rust in Nova Scotia. Forestry Chronicle 1953, 29:267-272.
    • (1953) Forestry Chronicle , vol.29 , pp. 267-272
    • McGinn, W.K.1    Davidson, A.G.2
  • 199
    • 0034101121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State regulations of Ribes to control white pine blister rust
    • McKay S. State regulations of Ribes to control white pine blister rust. HortTechnology 2000, 10:562-566.
    • (2000) HortTechnology , vol.10 , pp. 562-566
    • McKay, S.1
  • 200
    • 77955652192 scopus 로고
    • Rate of development of white pine blister rust epidemics in North America
    • Hiratsuka Y, Samoil JK, Blenis PV, Crane PE, Laishley BL. Ed. By, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, [Online]. Available:
    • Merrill W. Rate of development of white pine blister rust epidemics in North America. 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference, Banff, AB, 1989 September 18-22 1991, 164-169. http://nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/bookstore_pdfs/11789.pdf, Hiratsuka YSamoil JKBlenis PVCrane PELaishley BL. Ed. By, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1991) 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference, Banff, AB, 1989 September 18-22 , pp. 164-169
    • Merrill, W.1
  • 201
    • 69949106771 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust in the Northwest
    • Metcalf H. White pine blister rust in the Northwest. Phytopathology 1923, 13:46.
    • (1923) Phytopathology , vol.13 , pp. 46
    • Metcalf, H.1
  • 202
    • 0006067585 scopus 로고
    • Rodents as a factor in reducing aecial sporulation of Cronartium ribicola
    • Mielke JL. Rodents as a factor in reducing aecial sporulation of Cronartium ribicola. J. Forestry 1935, 33:994-1003.
    • (1935) J. Forestry , vol.33 , pp. 994-1003
    • Mielke, J.L.1
  • 203
    • 42149120431 scopus 로고
    • Spread of blister rust to sugar pine in Oregon and California
    • Mielke JL. Spread of blister rust to sugar pine in Oregon and California. J. Forestry 1938, 36:695-701.
    • (1938) J. Forestry , vol.36 , pp. 695-701
    • Mielke, J.L.1
  • 205
    • 0001826765 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy, phylogeny, and coevolution of pines and their stem rusts
    • Hiratsuka Y, Samoil JK, Blenis PV, Crane PE, Laishley BL. Ed. By, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, [Online]. Available:
    • Millar CI, Kinloch BB. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and coevolution of pines and their stem rusts. 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference, Banff, AB, 1989 September 18-22 1991, 1-38. http://nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/bookstore_pdfs/11789.pdf, Hiratsuka Y, Samoil JKBlenis PVCrane PELaishley BL. Ed. By, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1991) 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference, Banff, AB, 1989 September 18-22 , pp. 1-38
    • Millar, C.I.1    Kinloch, B.B.2
  • 206
    • 39349090781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and forest of the future: Managing in the faces of uncertainty
    • [Online]. doi
    • Millar CI, Stephenson NL, Stephens SL. Climate change and forest of the future: Managing in the faces of uncertainty. Ecol. Appl. 2007, 17:2145-2151. 10.1890/06-1715.1, [Online]. doi
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl. , vol.17 , pp. 2145-2151
    • Millar, C.I.1    Stephenson, N.L.2    Stephens, S.L.3
  • 207
    • 77955635272 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust found on foxtail pine in northwestern California
    • Miller DR. White pine blister rust found on foxtail pine in northwestern California. Plant Disease Reporter 1968, 52:391.
    • (1968) Plant Disease Reporter , vol.52 , pp. 391
    • Miller, D.R.1
  • 208
    • 77955616720 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of forestry to science
    • Moore B. The relationship of forestry to science. Forestry Quarterly 1916, 14:375-379.
    • (1916) Forestry Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 375-379
    • Moore, B.1
  • 209
    • 4644224151 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment of western white pine infected with blister rust
    • Moss VD, Viche HJ, Klomparens W. Antibiotic treatment of western white pine infected with blister rust. J. Forestry 1960, 58:691-695.
    • (1960) J. Forestry , vol.58 , pp. 691-695
    • Moss, V.D.1    Viche, H.J.2    Klomparens, W.3
  • 210
    • 0034125119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing potential risks of white pine blister rust on western white pine from increased cultivation of currants
    • Muir JA, Hunt RS. Assessing potential risks of white pine blister rust on western white pine from increased cultivation of currants. HortTechnology 2000, 10:523-527.
    • (2000) HortTechnology , vol.10 , pp. 523-527
    • Muir, J.A.1    Hunt, R.S.2
  • 215
    • 0037175295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of nuclear cycle in microcyclic rust fungi (Uredinales) and its ecological and evolutionary implications
    • [Online]. doi
    • Ono Y. The diversity of nuclear cycle in microcyclic rust fungi (Uredinales) and its ecological and evolutionary implications. Mycoscience 2002, 43:421-439. 10.1007/s102670200062, [Online]. doi
    • (2002) Mycoscience , vol.43 , pp. 421-439
    • Ono, Y.1
  • 216
    • 0011801029 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of white pine blister rust in Maine after 70 years of a Ribes eradication program
    • [Online]. doi
    • Ostrofsky WD, Rumpf T, Struble D, Bradbury R. Incidence of white pine blister rust in Maine after 70 years of a Ribes eradication program. Plant Dis. 1988, 72:967-970. 10.1094/PD-72-0967, [Online]. doi
    • (1988) Plant Dis. , vol.72 , pp. 967-970
    • Ostrofsky, W.D.1    Rumpf, T.2    Struble, D.3    Bradbury, R.4
  • 217
    • 77955593395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silvicultural approaches for management of eastern white pine to minimize impacts of damaging agents
    • Ostry ME, Laflamme G, Katovich SA. Silvicultural approaches for management of eastern white pine to minimize impacts of damaging agents. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:332-346.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 332-346
    • Ostry, M.E.1    Laflamme, G.2    Katovich, S.A.3
  • 219
    • 0343142420 scopus 로고
    • The effect of age upon susceptibility of eastern white pine to infection by Cronartium ribicola
    • Patton RF. The effect of age upon susceptibility of eastern white pine to infection by Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 1961, 51:429-434.
    • (1961) Phytopathology , vol.51 , pp. 429-434
    • Patton, R.F.1
  • 220
    • 0042694985 scopus 로고
    • Lessons from nursery and field testing of eastern white pine selections and progenies for resistance to blister rust
    • Oxford, UK, Pergamon Press, p
    • Patton RF, Riker AJ. Lessons from nursery and field testing of eastern white pine selections and progenies for resistance to blister rust. Breeding Pest-Resistant Trees 1966, 403-414. Oxford, UK, Pergamon Press, p
    • (1966) Breeding Pest-Resistant Trees , pp. 403-414
    • Patton, R.F.1    Riker, A.J.2
  • 221
    • 0346898750 scopus 로고
    • Histopathology of colonization in leaf tissue of Castilleja, Pedicularis, Phaseolus, and Ribes species by Cronartium ribicola
    • Patton RF, Spear RN. Histopathology of colonization in leaf tissue of Castilleja, Pedicularis, Phaseolus, and Ribes species by Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 1989, 79:539-547.
    • (1989) Phytopathology , vol.79 , pp. 539-547
    • Patton, R.F.1    Spear, R.N.2
  • 222
    • 77955646314 scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of the importance of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus strobus in Great Britain
    • [Online]. doi: 10.1093/forestry/36.2.219
    • Pawsey RG. A reappraisal of the importance of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus strobus in Great Britain. Forestry 1963, 36:219-226. [Online]. doi: 10.1093/forestry/36.2.219
    • (1963) Forestry , vol.36 , pp. 219-226
    • Pawsey, R.G.1
  • 223
    • 0343317398 scopus 로고
    • Relation of weather conditions to the spread of white pine blister rust in the Pacific Northwest
    • Pennington LH. Relation of weather conditions to the spread of white pine blister rust in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Agricultural Research 1925, 30:593-607.
    • (1925) Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.30 , pp. 593-607
    • Pennington, L.H.1
  • 225
    • 2642644674 scopus 로고
    • The Peridermium species on pine stems
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Peterson RS. The Peridermium species on pine stems. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 1967, 94:511-542. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2483569, [Online]. Available:
    • (1967) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.94 , pp. 511-542
    • Peterson, R.S.1
  • 227
    • 0004971878 scopus 로고
    • Status of American stem rusts of pine
    • [Online]. doi
    • Peterson RS, Jewell FF. Status of American stem rusts of pine. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1968, 6:23-40. 10.1146/annurev.py.06.090168.000323, [Online]. doi
    • (1968) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , vol.6 , pp. 23-40
    • Peterson, R.S.1    Jewell, F.F.2
  • 228
    • 77955605348 scopus 로고
    • The white pine blister rust
    • Pettis CR. The white pine blister rust. Forestry Quarterly 1909, 7:231-237.
    • (1909) Forestry Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 231-237
    • Pettis, C.R.1
  • 229
    • 77955611672 scopus 로고
    • Spread of white pine blister rust in southern Appalachian States in 1941
    • Pierce RG. Spread of white pine blister rust in southern Appalachian States in 1941. Plant Disease Reporter 1942, 26:54-55.
    • (1942) Plant Disease Reporter , vol.26 , pp. 54-55
    • Pierce, R.G.1
  • 231
    • 0008020058 scopus 로고
    • White pine blister rust in Quebec: past present, and future
    • Hiratsuka Y, Samoil JK, Blenis PV, Crane PE, Laishley BL. Ed. By, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre
    • Plourde A, Lavallée A, Corriveau A. White pine blister rust in Quebec: past present, and future. 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference, Banff, AB, 1989 September 18-22 1991, Hiratsuka Y, Samoil JK, Blenis PVCrane PELaishley BL. Ed. By, Info. Rep. NOR-X-317, Edmonton, AB, Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre
    • (1991) 3rd IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference, Banff, AB, 1989 September 18-22
    • Plourde, A.1    Lavallée, A.2    Corriveau, A.3
  • 232
    • 77955613527 scopus 로고
    • Les plantations de pin blanc et la rouille vésiculeuse dans le Québec
    • Pomerleau R, Bard J. Les plantations de pin blanc et la rouille vésiculeuse dans le Québec. Phytoprotection 1969, 50:32-37.
    • (1969) Phytoprotection , vol.50 , pp. 32-37
    • Pomerleau, R.1    Bard, J.2
  • 233
    • 77955620130 scopus 로고
    • Survey of blister rust infection on pines at Kittery Point, Maine and the effects of Ribes eradication in controlling the disease
    • Posey GB, Ford ER. Survey of blister rust infection on pines at Kittery Point, Maine and the effects of Ribes eradication in controlling the disease. J. Agric. Res. 1924, 28:1253-1258.
    • (1924) J. Agric. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 1253-1258
    • Posey, G.B.1    Ford, E.R.2
  • 234
    • 0008067378 scopus 로고
    • Blister rust on unprotected white pine
    • Powers HR, Stegall WA. Blister rust on unprotected white pine. J. Forestry 1971, 69:165-167.
    • (1971) J. Forestry , vol.69 , pp. 165-167
    • Powers, H.R.1    Stegall, W.A.2
  • 235
    • 0001874604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and systematics of Pinus
    • Richardson DM. Ed. By, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press
    • Price RA, Liston A, Strauss SH. Phylogeny and systematics of Pinus. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus 1998, 49-68. Richardson DM, Ed. By, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, pp
    • (1998) Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus , pp. 49-68
    • Price, R.A.1    Liston, A.2    Strauss, S.H.3
  • 236
    • 77955601083 scopus 로고
    • Spread and development of white pine blister rust in Inland Empire
    • Putnam HN. Spread and development of white pine blister rust in Inland Empire. Northwest Sci. 1931, 5:53-58.
    • (1931) Northwest Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 53-58
    • Putnam, H.N.1
  • 238
    • 77955604698 scopus 로고
    • Resurgence of a gooseberry population after fire in mature timber
    • Quick CR. Resurgence of a gooseberry population after fire in mature timber. J. Forestry 1962b, 60:100-103.
    • (1962) J. Forestry , vol.60 , pp. 100-103
    • Quick, C.R.1
  • 240
    • 77955650490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pinus strobus: past and future in Europe. A page of silvicultural history and international scientific cooperation
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Radu S. Pinus strobus: past and future in Europe. A page of silvicultural history and international scientific cooperation. Annals of Forest Research 2008, 51:133-140. http://www.e-afr.org, [Online]. Available:
    • (2008) Annals of Forest Research , vol.51 , pp. 133-140
    • Radu, S.1
  • 242
    • 0347160919 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the rate of growth and behavior of the blister rust on white pine in 1918
    • Rhoads AS. Studies on the rate of growth and behavior of the blister rust on white pine in 1918. Phytopathology 1920, 10:513-527.
    • (1920) Phytopathology , vol.10 , pp. 513-527
    • Rhoads, A.S.1
  • 243
    • 0032413785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richardson DM. ed, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, p
    • Ecology and biogeography of Pinus 1998, Richardson DM. ed, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, p
    • (1998) Ecology and biogeography of Pinus
  • 244
    • 77955646210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and future molecular approaches to investigate the white pine to minimize impacts of damaging
    • Richardson BA, Ekramoddoulah AKM, Liu J-J, Kim M-S. Current and future molecular approaches to investigate the white pine to minimize impacts of damaging. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:314-331.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 314-331
    • Richardson, B.A.1    Ekramoddoulah, A.K.M.2    Liu, J.-J.3    Kim, M.-S.4
  • 246
    • 34547912543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing host specialization among aecial and telial hosts of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola
    • [Online]. doi
    • Richardson BA, Zambino PJ, Klopfenstein NB, McDonald GI, Carris LM. Assessing host specialization among aecial and telial hosts of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. Can. J. Bot. 2007, 85:299-306. 10.1139/B07-031, [Online]. doi
    • (2007) Can. J. Bot. , vol.85 , pp. 299-306
    • Richardson, B.A.1    Zambino, P.J.2    Klopfenstein, N.B.3    McDonald, G.I.4    Carris, L.M.5
  • 247
    • 42149146724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of host resistance on the genetic structure of the white pine blister rust fungus in the western United States
    • [Online]. doi
    • Richardson BA, Klopfenstein NB, Zambino PJ, McDonald GI, Geils BW, Carris LM. Influence of host resistance on the genetic structure of the white pine blister rust fungus in the western United States. Phytopathology 2008, 98:413-420. 10.1094/PHYTO-98-4-0413, [Online]. doi
    • (2008) Phytopathology , vol.98 , pp. 413-420
    • Richardson, B.A.1    Klopfenstein, N.B.2    Zambino, P.J.3    McDonald, G.I.4    Geils, B.W.5    Carris, L.M.6
  • 249
    • 77955606788 scopus 로고
    • The white pines of Montana and Idaho-Their distribution, quality, and uses
    • Rockwell FI. The white pines of Montana and Idaho-Their distribution, quality, and uses. Forestry Quarterly 1911, 9:219-231.
    • (1911) Forestry Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 219-231
    • Rockwell, F.I.1
  • 250
    • 77955619493 scopus 로고
    • Blister rust damage at Waterford, Vermont
    • Rusden PL. Blister rust damage at Waterford, Vermont. J. Forestry 1952, 50:545-551.
    • (1952) J. Forestry , vol.50 , pp. 545-551
    • Rusden, P.L.1
  • 251
    • 77955601738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sugar pine program for development of resistance to blister rust in the Pacific Southwest Region
    • Kinloch BB, Marosy M, Huddleston ME. Ed. By, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, pp
    • Samman S, Kitzmiller JH. The sugar pine program for development of resistance to blister rust in the Pacific Southwest Region. Sugar pine: Status, values, and roles in ecosystems, Davis, CA, 1992 March 30-April 1 1996, 162-170. Kinloch BB, Marosy MHuddleston ME. Ed. By, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, pp
    • (1996) Sugar pine: Status, values, and roles in ecosystems, Davis, CA, 1992 March 30-April 1 , pp. 162-170
    • Samman, S.1    Kitzmiller, J.H.2
  • 254
    • 33745492417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in theoretical plant epidemiology
    • [Online]. doi
    • Scherm H, Ngugi HK, Ojiambo PS. Trends in theoretical plant epidemiology. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2006, 115:61-73. 10.1007/s10658-005-3682-6, [Online]. doi
    • (2006) Eur. J. Plant Pathol. , vol.115 , pp. 61-73
    • Scherm, H.1    Ngugi, H.K.2    Ojiambo, P.S.3
  • 257
    • 77955612877 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic qualities, acclimatization, and growth-potential of white pines introduced into Europe, with emphasis on Pinus strobus
    • Bingham RT, Hoff RJ, McDonald GI. Ed. By, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • Schmitt R. Intrinsic qualities, acclimatization, and growth-potential of white pines introduced into Europe, with emphasis on Pinus strobus. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 1972, 111-123. http://www.fs.fed.us/pubs/35041, Bingham RTHoff RJMcDonald GI. Ed. By, Misc. Publ. 1221, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1972) Biology of rust resistance in forest trees: Proceedings NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Moscow, ID, 1969 August 17-24 , pp. 111-123
    • Schmitt, R.1
  • 258
    • 34648851317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological roles of five-needle pines in Colorado: potential consequences of their loss
    • Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SE, Kriebel HB. Ed. By, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • Schoettle AW. Ecological roles of five-needle pines in Colorado: potential consequences of their loss. Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 2004a, 124-135. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p032.html, Sniezko RASamman SSchlarbaum SEKriebel HB. Ed. By, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 , pp. 124-135
    • Schoettle, A.W.1
  • 259
    • 34648822130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proactive intervention to sustain high-elevation pine ecosystems threatened by white pine blister rust
    • [Online]. doi
    • Schoettle AW, Sniezko RA. Proactive intervention to sustain high-elevation pine ecosystems threatened by white pine blister rust. J. For. Res. 2007, 12:327-336. 10.1007/s10310-007-0024-x, [Online]. doi
    • (2007) J. For. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 327-336
    • Schoettle, A.W.1    Sniezko, R.A.2
  • 260
    • 65349112782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rep. R1-06-28, Missoula, MT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 1, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Schwandt JW. Whitebark pine in peril: a case for restoration 2006, http://www.fs.fed.us/r1r4/spf/fhp/whitebark_pine/WBPCover_4.htm, Rep. R1-06-28, Missoula, MT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 1, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2006) Whitebark pine in peril: a case for restoration
    • Schwandt, J.W.1
  • 261
    • 77955596109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pruning and thinning effects after 30 years in northern Idaho white pine stands
    • Angwin P. Ed. By, comp, Redding, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern California Shared Service Area, pp
    • Schwandt JW, Marsden MA. Pruning and thinning effects after 30 years in northern Idaho white pine stands. 48th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, Waikoloa, HI, 2000 August 14-18 2002, 23-29. Angwin P, Ed. By, comp, Redding, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern California Shared Service Area, pp
    • (2002) 48th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, Waikoloa, HI, 2000 August 14-18 , pp. 23-29
    • Schwandt, J.W.1    Marsden, M.A.2
  • 262
    • 77955596337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current health issues and management strategies for white pines in the western United States and Canada
    • Schwandt JW, Lockman IB, Kliejunas JT, Mulir JA. Current health issues and management strategies for white pines in the western United States and Canada. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:226-250.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 226-250
    • Schwandt, J.W.1    Lockman, I.B.2    Kliejunas, J.T.3    Mulir, J.A.4
  • 266
    • 0034176475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of white pine blister rust in the Intermountain West
    • Smith JP, Hoffman JT. Status of white pine blister rust in the Intermountain West. West. N. Am. Nat. 2000, 60:165-179.
    • (2000) West. N. Am. Nat. , vol.60 , pp. 165-179
    • Smith, J.P.1    Hoffman, J.T.2
  • 267
    • 0000644941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread and intensification of blister rust in the range of sugar pine
    • Kinloch BB, Marosy M, Huddleston ME. Ed. By, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, pp
    • Smith RS. Spread and intensification of blister rust in the range of sugar pine. Sugar pine: Status, values, and roles in ecosystems, Davis, CA, 1992 March 30-April 1 1996, 112-119. Kinloch BBMarosy MHuddleston ME. Ed. By, Publ. 3362, Davis, CA, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, pp
    • (1996) Sugar pine: Status, values, and roles in ecosystems, Davis, CA, 1992 March 30-April 1 , pp. 112-119
    • Smith, R.S.1
  • 268
    • 77955639174 scopus 로고
    • The Kelm Mountain blister-rust infestation
    • Snell WH. The Kelm Mountain blister-rust infestation. Phytopathology 1931, 21:919-921.
    • (1931) Phytopathology , vol.21 , pp. 919-921
    • Snell, W.H.1
  • 269
    • 77955615760 scopus 로고
    • The relation of cultivated red currants to the white pine blister rust in New York state
    • Snell WH. The relation of cultivated red currants to the white pine blister rust in New York state. J. Forestry 1941, 39:859-867.
    • (1941) J. Forestry , vol.39 , pp. 859-867
    • Snell, W.H.1
  • 270
    • 33745176662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance breeding against nonnative pathogens in forest trees-current successes in North America
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Sniezko RA. Resistance breeding against nonnative pathogens in forest trees-current successes in North America. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 2006, 28:s270-s279. http://pubs.nrccnrc.gc.ca/tcjpp/k05-147.html, [Online]. Available:
    • (2006) Can. J. Plant Pathol. , vol.28
    • Sniezko, R.A.1
  • 271
    • 77955630980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SE, Kriebel HB. eds, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-needle Pines: Growth, Adaptability, and Pest Resistance: IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15 2004b, http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p032.html, Sniezko RASamman SSchlarbaum SEKriebel HB. eds, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-needle Pines: Growth, Adaptability, and Pest Resistance: IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15
  • 272
    • 0343317389 scopus 로고
    • Peridermium strobi, the blister rust of Weymouth pine
    • Somerville W. Peridermium strobi, the blister rust of Weymouth pine. Quarterly J. Forestry (London) 1909, 3:232-236.
    • (1909) Quarterly J. Forestry (London) , vol.3 , pp. 232-236
    • Somerville, W.1
  • 273
    • 0003243181 scopus 로고
    • Bull. 22, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, p
    • Spalding VM. The White Pine (Pinus strobus Linnaeus) 1899, Bull. 22, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, p
    • (1899) The White Pine (Pinus strobus Linnaeus)
    • Spalding, V.M.1
  • 274
    • 77955613847 scopus 로고
    • Circ. 36, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, p
    • Spaulding P. European currant rust on the white pine in America 1909, Circ. 36, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, p
    • (1909) European currant rust on the white pine in America
    • Spaulding, P.1
  • 275
    • 0343142415 scopus 로고
    • Bull. 206. Washington, DC, Bureau of Plant Industry, p
    • Spaulding P. The blister rust of white pine 1911, Bull. 206. Washington, DC, Bureau of Plant Industry, p
    • (1911) The blister rust of white pine
    • Spaulding, P.1
  • 276
    • 77955637086 scopus 로고
    • The white-pine blister rust situation
    • Spaulding P. The white-pine blister rust situation. American Forestry 1916, 22:137-138.
    • (1916) American Forestry , vol.22 , pp. 137-138
    • Spaulding, P.1
  • 277
    • 77955634267 scopus 로고
    • Viability of telia of Cronartium ribicola in early winter
    • Spaulding P. Viability of telia of Cronartium ribicola in early winter. Phytopathology 1922a, 12:221-224.
    • (1922) Phytopathology , vol.12 , pp. 221-224
    • Spaulding, P.1
  • 278
    • 0012164811 scopus 로고
    • Bull. 957, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, p
    • Spaulding P. Investigations of the white-pine blister rust 1922b, Bull. 957, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, p
    • (1922) Investigations of the white-pine blister rust
    • Spaulding, P.1
  • 279
    • 4644352554 scopus 로고
    • A partial explanation of the relative susceptibility of the more important American white pines to the white pine blister rust
    • Spaulding P. A partial explanation of the relative susceptibility of the more important American white pines to the white pine blister rust. Phytopathology 1925, 15:591-597.
    • (1925) Phytopathology , vol.15 , pp. 591-597
    • Spaulding, P.1
  • 280
    • 0342447944 scopus 로고
    • The white pine blister rust in Germany
    • Spaulding P. The white pine blister rust in Germany. J. Forestry 1926, 24:645-652.
    • (1926) J. Forestry , vol.24 , pp. 645-652
    • Spaulding, P.1
  • 282
    • 77955604079 scopus 로고
    • State and national quarantines against the white pine blister rust
    • Spaulding P, Pierce RC. State and national quarantines against the white pine blister rust. Phytopathology 1917, 7:319-321.
    • (1917) Phytopathology , vol.7 , pp. 319-321
    • Spaulding, P.1    Pierce, R.C.2
  • 283
    • 77955642351 scopus 로고
    • Conditions antecedent to the infection of white pine by Cronartium ribicola in the northeastern United States
    • Spaulding P, Rathbun-Gravatt A. Conditions antecedent to the infection of white pine by Cronartium ribicola in the northeastern United States. Phytopathology 1926a, 15:573-583.
    • (1926) Phytopathology , vol.15 , pp. 573-583
    • Spaulding, P.1    Rathbun-Gravatt, A.2
  • 287
    • 0009621482 scopus 로고
    • Chronicle of white pine and red pine research at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute
    • Stiell WM. Chronicle of white pine and red pine research at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute. Forestry Chronicle 1994, 70:372-381.
    • (1994) Forestry Chronicle , vol.70 , pp. 372-381
    • Stiell, W.M.1
  • 289
    • 77955642970 scopus 로고
    • Stine RA, Baughman MJ. eds, NR-BU-6044-S, St. Paul, MN, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service, p
    • White Pine Symposium Proceedings: History, Ecology, Policy and Management 1992, Stine RABaughman MJ. eds, NR-BU-6044-S, St. Paul, MN, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service, p
    • (1992) White Pine Symposium Proceedings: History, Ecology, Policy and Management
  • 290
    • 0001273733 scopus 로고
    • Wound-periderm formation in white pine trees resistant to blister rust
    • Struckmeyer BE, Riker AJ. Wound-periderm formation in white pine trees resistant to blister rust. Phytopathology 1951, 41:276-281.
    • (1951) Phytopathology , vol.41 , pp. 276-281
    • Struckmeyer, B.E.1    Riker, A.J.2
  • 291
    • 33947529192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread genealogical nonmonophyly in species of Pinus subgenus Strobus
    • [Online]. doi
    • Syring J, Farrell K, Businsky R, Cronn R, Liston A. Widespread genealogical nonmonophyly in species of Pinus subgenus Strobus. Syst. Biol. 2007, 56:163-181. 10.1080/10635150701258787, [Online]. doi
    • (2007) Syst. Biol. , vol.56 , pp. 163-181
    • Syring, J.1    Farrell, K.2    Businsky, R.3    Cronn, R.4    Liston, A.5
  • 292
    • 77955597811 scopus 로고
    • Rust Diseases
    • In. Ann. Rep. 1959. Canadian Department of Agriculture, Forest Biology Division, Forest Insect and Disease Survey
    • Thomas GP, Bourchier RJ, Lowman AA. Rust Diseases. 1960, In. Ann. Rep. 1959. Canadian Department of Agriculture, Forest Biology Division, Forest Insect and Disease Survey
    • (1960)
    • Thomas, G.P.1    Bourchier, R.J.2    Lowman, A.A.3
  • 294
    • 77955604696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blister rust and western forest biodiversity: Ecology, values, and outlook for white pines
    • Tomback DF, Achuff P. Blister rust and western forest biodiversity: Ecology, values, and outlook for white pines. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:186-225.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 186-225
    • Tomback, D.F.1    Achuff, P.2
  • 295
    • 0028978887 scopus 로고
    • The effects of blister rust on post-fire regeneration of whitebark pine: the Sundance Burn of northern Idaho (U.S.A.)
    • [Online]. doi
    • Tomback DF, Clary JK, Koehler J, Hoff RJ, Arno SF. The effects of blister rust on post-fire regeneration of whitebark pine: the Sundance Burn of northern Idaho (U.S.A.). Conserv. Biol. 1995, 9:654-664. 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030654.x, [Online]. doi
    • (1995) Conserv. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 654-664
    • Tomback, D.F.1    Clary, J.K.2    Koehler, J.3    Hoff, R.J.4    Arno, S.F.5
  • 296
    • 0011693637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The compelling case for management intervention
    • Tomback DF, Arno SF, Keane RE. Ed. By, Washington, DC, Island Press, pp
    • Tomback DF, Arno SF, Keane RE. The compelling case for management intervention. Whitebark pine communities: Ecology and restoration 2001c, 3-25. Tomback DF, Arno SF, Keane RE. Ed. By, Washington, DC, Island Press, pp
    • (2001) Whitebark pine communities: Ecology and restoration , pp. 3-25
    • Tomback, D.F.1    Arno, S.F.2    Keane, R.E.3
  • 297
    • 77955640153 scopus 로고
    • Grossulariaceae: the currant and gooseberry tribe
    • London, Joseph Cundall
    • Twining E. Grossulariaceae: the currant and gooseberry tribe. Illustrations of the natural order of plants 1949, London, Joseph Cundall
    • (1949) Illustrations of the natural order of plants
    • Twining, E.1
  • 299
    • 0001670707 scopus 로고
    • The nocturnal diffusion and transport of spores
    • Van Arsdel EP. The nocturnal diffusion and transport of spores. Phytopathology 1967, 57:1221-1229.
    • (1967) Phytopathology , vol.57 , pp. 1221-1229
    • Van Arsdel, E.P.1
  • 301
    • 50249181248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rep. FHTET 04-13, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Van Arsdel EP, Geils BW. The Ribes of Colorado and New Mexico and their rust fungi 2004, http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/pdfs, Rep. FHTET 04-13, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) The Ribes of Colorado and New Mexico and their rust fungi
    • Van Arsdel, E.P.1    Geils, B.W.2
  • 302
    • 0000664439 scopus 로고
    • The effects of temperature and moisture on the spread of white pine blister rust
    • Van Arsdel EP, Riker AJ, Patton RF. The effects of temperature and moisture on the spread of white pine blister rust. Phytopathology 1956, 46:307-318.
    • (1956) Phytopathology , vol.46 , pp. 307-318
    • Van Arsdel, E.P.1    Riker, A.J.2    Patton, R.F.3
  • 304
    • 0008644811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of white pine blister rust in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico
    • Jalkanen R, Crane PE, Walla JA, Aalto T. Ed. By, Res. Pap. 712, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, pp
    • Van Arsdel EP, Conklin DA, Popp JB, Geils BW. The distribution of white pine blister rust in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference, Saariselkä, Finland, 1998 August 2-7 1998, 275-283. Jalkanen R, Crane PE, Walla JA, Aalto T. Ed. By, Res. Pap. 712, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, pp
    • (1998) 1st IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference, Saariselkä, Finland, 1998 August 2-7 , pp. 275-283
    • Van Arsdel, E.P.1    Conklin, D.A.2    Popp, J.B.3    Geils, B.W.4
  • 305
    • 77955650176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology for hazard rating of white pine blister rust
    • Guyon JC. Ed. By, comp, Ogden, UT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • Van Arsdel EP, Geils BW, Zambino PJ. Epidemiology for hazard rating of white pine blister rust. 53rd Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, Jackson, WY, 2005 September 26-30 2006, 49-64. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/25712, Guyon JC, Ed. By, comp, Ogden, UT, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2006) 53rd Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, Jackson, WY, 2005 September 26-30 , pp. 49-64
    • Van Arsdel, E.P.1    Geils, B.W.2    Zambino, P.J.3
  • 306
    • 77955626282 scopus 로고
    • For. Res. Note 58, Berkeley, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, p
    • Vaux HJ. Some economic aspects of growing sugar pine in California 1948, For. Res. Note 58, Berkeley, CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, p
    • (1948) Some economic aspects of growing sugar pine in California
    • Vaux, H.J.1
  • 307
    • 77955630650 scopus 로고
    • Developments in aerial application of antibiotics to control blister rust on western white pine
    • Viche HJ, Moss VD, Hartman HJ. Developments in aerial application of antibiotics to control blister rust on western white pine. J. Forestry 1962, 60:782-784.
    • (1962) J. Forestry , vol.60 , pp. 782-784
    • Viche, H.J.1    Moss, V.D.2    Hartman, H.J.3
  • 308
    • 77955616394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of disease resistance in the recovery of whitebark pine
    • Goheen EM, Sniezko RA. Ed. By, R6-NR-FHP-2007-01, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • Vogler DR. The role of disease resistance in the recovery of whitebark pine. Whitebark Pine: a Pacific Coast Perspective, Ashland, OR, 2006 August 27-31 2007, 80-81. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/wbpine/papers/2007-wbp-wpbr-resist-vogler.pdf, Goheen EMSniezko RA. Ed. By, R6-NR-FHP-2007-01, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2007) Whitebark Pine: a Pacific Coast Perspective, Ashland, OR, 2006 August 27-31 , pp. 80-81
    • Vogler, D.R.1
  • 309
    • 0031898091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships among the pine stem rust fungi (Cronartium and Peridermium spp.)
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Vogler DR, Bruns TD. Phylogenetic relationships among the pine stem rust fungi (Cronartium and Peridermium spp.). Mycologia 1998, 90:244-257. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3761300, [Online]. Available:
    • (1998) Mycologia , vol.90 , pp. 244-257
    • Vogler, D.R.1    Bruns, T.D.2
  • 310
    • 23944511065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First report of the white pine blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola) infecting whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Ribes spp. in the Jarbidge Mountains of northeastern Nevada
    • [Online]. doi
    • Vogler DR, Charlet DA. First report of the white pine blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola) infecting whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Ribes spp. in the Jarbidge Mountains of northeastern Nevada. Plant Dis. 2004, 88:772. 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.772B, [Online]. doi
    • (2004) Plant Dis. , vol.88 , pp. 772
    • Vogler, D.R.1    Charlet, D.A.2
  • 313
    • 48249097651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific Northwest Albicaulis Project, Olympia, WA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, p. [Online]. Available:
    • Ward K, Shoal R, Aubry C. Whitebark pine in Washington and Oregon: a synthesis of current studies and historical data 2006, http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/genetics/documents/publications/pub601.pdf, Pacific Northwest Albicaulis Project, Olympia, WA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, p. [Online]. Available:
    • (2006) Whitebark pine in Washington and Oregon: a synthesis of current studies and historical data
    • Ward, K.1    Shoal, R.2    Aubry, C.3
  • 314
    • 84962677904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling contemporary climate profiles and predicting their response to global warming for whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis)
    • Goheen EM, Sniezko RA. Ed. By, R6-NR-FHP-2007-01, Portland, OR, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • Warwell MV, Rehfeldt GE, Crookston NL. Modeling contemporary climate profiles and predicting their response to global warming for whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). Whitebark Pine: a Pacific Coast Perspective, Ashland, OR, 2006 August 27-31 2007, 139-142. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/wbpine/papers/2007-wbp-climate-warwell.pdf, Goheen EM, Sniezko RA, Ed. By, R6-NR-FHP-2007-01, Portland, OR, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2007) Whitebark Pine: a Pacific Coast Perspective, Ashland, OR, 2006 August 27-31 , pp. 139-142
    • Warwell, M.V.1    Rehfeldt, G.E.2    Crookston, N.L.3
  • 315
    • 0042264894 scopus 로고
    • Invasion mechanisms of Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola
    • Welch BL, Martin NE. Invasion mechanisms of Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola. Phytopathology 1974, 64:1541-1546.
    • (1974) Phytopathology , vol.64 , pp. 1541-1546
    • Welch, B.L.1    Martin, N.E.2
  • 316
    • 0342882498 scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in silvicultural practice on the national forests in the western white pine type
    • Wellner CA. Recent trends in silvicultural practice on the national forests in the western white pine type. J. Forestry 1946, 44:942-944.
    • (1946) J. Forestry , vol.44 , pp. 942-944
    • Wellner, C.A.1
  • 317
    • 0008303951 scopus 로고
    • Natural control of blister rust by Tuberculina maxima
    • [Online]. Available:
    • Wicker EF. Natural control of blister rust by Tuberculina maxima. Phytopathology 1981, 71:997-1000. http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/PDFS/1981/Phyto71n09_997.pdf, [Online]. Available:
    • (1981) Phytopathology , vol.71 , pp. 997-1000
    • Wicker, E.F.1
  • 319
    • 77955592886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • comps, Ottawa, ON, 2003 March 27-28, Kemptville, ON, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Eastern Ontario Model Forest
    • Wilson R, Barkely B. White pine blister rust workshop 2003, comps, Ottawa, ON, 2003 March 27-28, Kemptville, ON, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Eastern Ontario Model Forest
    • (2003) White pine blister rust workshop
    • Wilson, R.1    Barkely, B.2
  • 321
    • 77955594130 scopus 로고
    • Rosier's relation of George Weymouth's 1605 voyage
    • Banks RF. Ed. By [re-published in 1969 for 3rd edition of A history of Maine: a collection of readings on the history of Maine 1600-1974], Boston, MA, Houghton-Mifflin and Co. pp, [Online]. Available:
    • Winship GP. Rosier's relation of George Weymouth's 1605 voyage. Sailors narratives of voyages along the New England coast, 1524-1624 1905, 101-151. http://www.davistownmuseum.org/InfoRosiersRelation.html, Banks RF. Ed. By [re-published in 1969 for 3rd edition of A history of Maine: a collection of readings on the history of Maine 1600-1974], Boston, MA, Houghton-Mifflin and Co. pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (1905) Sailors narratives of voyages along the New England coast, 1524-1624 , pp. 101-151
    • Winship, G.P.1
  • 322
    • 85005347740 scopus 로고
    • Scanning electron microscopy of Cronartium ribicola infecting Ribes leaves
    • [Online]. doi
    • Woo JY, Martin NE. Scanning electron microscopy of Cronartium ribicola infecting Ribes leaves. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 1981, 11:7-15. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1981.tb00064.x, [Online]. doi
    • (1981) Eur. J. For. Pathol. , vol.11 , pp. 7-15
    • Woo, J.Y.1    Martin, N.E.2
  • 323
    • 0035655450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in needle morphology between blister rust resistant and susceptible western white pine stocks
    • [Online]. doi
    • Woo K-S, Fins L, McDonald GI, Wiese MV. Differences in needle morphology between blister rust resistant and susceptible western white pine stocks. Can. J. For. Res. 2001, 31:1880-1886. 10.1139/cjfr-31-11-1880, [Online]. doi
    • (2001) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.31 , pp. 1880-1886
    • Woo, K.-S.1    Fins, L.2    McDonald, G.I.3    Wiese, M.V.4
  • 324
    • 77955648040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of seedling physiology on expression of blister rust resistance in needles of western white pine
    • Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SE, Kriebel HB. Ed. By, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • Woo K-S, McDonald GI, Fins L. Influence of seedling physiology on expression of blister rust resistance in needles of western white pine. Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 2004, 250-254. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p032.html, Sniezko RA, Samman S, Schlarbaum SEKriebel HB. Ed. By, Proceedings RMRS-P-32, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp, [Online]. Available:
    • (2004) Breeding and genetic resources of five-needle pines: Growth, adaptability and pest resistance, IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15, Medford, OR, 2001 July 23-27 , pp. 250-254
    • Woo, K.-S.1    McDonald, G.I.2    Fins, L.3
  • 325
    • 0005281279 scopus 로고
    • Disease as a factor in the evolution of forest composition
    • Woods FW. Disease as a factor in the evolution of forest composition. J. Forestry 1953, 51:871-873.
    • (1953) J. Forestry , vol.51 , pp. 871-873
    • Woods, F.W.1
  • 326
    • 77955591591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xu M-Q, Walla JA, Zhao W-X. eds, For. Res. 16 (Suppl, Beijing, China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, p
    • 2nd IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference 2003, Xu M-QWalla JAZhao W-X. eds, For. Res. 16 (Suppl, Beijing, China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, p
    • (2003) 2nd IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees Working Party Conference
  • 327
    • 85005250416 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of improved Pinus monticola and some other white pines to the blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, of Hokkaido, Japan
    • [Online]. doi
    • Yokota S. Resistance of improved Pinus monticola and some other white pines to the blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, of Hokkaido, Japan. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 1983, 13:389-402. 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1983.tb00141.x, [Online]. doi
    • (1983) Eur. J. For. Pathol. , vol.13 , pp. 389-402
    • Yokota, S.1
  • 329
    • 77955635170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology and pathology of ribes and their implications for management of white pine blister rust
    • Zambino PJ. Biology and pathology of ribes and their implications for management of white pine blister rust. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:264-291.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 264-291
    • Zambino, P.J.1
  • 330
    • 0036436479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whitebark pine and white pine blister rust in British Columbia, Canada
    • [Online]. doi
    • Zeglen S. Whitebark pine and white pine blister rust in British Columbia, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 2002, 32:1265-1274. 10.1139/X02-049, [Online]. doi
    • (2002) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 1265-1274
    • Zeglen, S.1
  • 331
    • 77955636801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silvicultural management of white pines in western North America
    • Zeglen S, Pronos J, Merler H. Silvicultural management of white pines in western North America. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:347-368.
    • (2010) For. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 347-368
    • Zeglen, S.1    Pronos, J.2    Merler, H.3
  • 332


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.