Bio-economic modelling as a method for determining economic weights for optimal multiple-trait tree selection

Silvae Genetica

Volumn 59, Issue 2-3, 2010, Pages 77-90

  Ivkovic M ^a   Wu, H ^a   Kumar, S ^b  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

^b SCION   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Bio economic modelling; Breeding objective; Production system analysis; Tree improvement

Indexed keywords

BIO-ECONOMIC MODEL; BIO-ECONOMIC MODELLING; BREEDING OBJECTIVES; COMPLEX SYSTEMS; ECONOMIC VALUES; INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; PARTIAL REGRESSION; PRODUCTION DECISIONS; PRODUCTION GOALS; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; PRODUCTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS; PROFIT FUNCTION; ROTATION CYCLE; SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS; TRADE OFF; TREE IMPROVEMENT; TREE SELECTION;

FORESTRY; OPTIMIZATION; PRODUCTION ENGINEERING; PROFITABILITY; SYSTEMS ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

ECONOMICS;

BREEDING; ECONOMICS; FORESTRY; OPTIMIZATION; PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION ENGINEERING; PROFITABILITY; TREES;

EID: 77955596401     PISSN: 00375349     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. AIMERS-HALLIDAY, J., C. J. A. SHELBOURNE and S. O. HONG (1997): Issues in developing clonal forestry with Pinus radiata. In: R. BURDON and MOORE, J. M. (eds.). Proceedings of IUFRO'97 Genetics of Radiata Pine, Rotorua, NZ, 1-4 December, 1997. FRI Bulletin No. 203. p. 264-272.
2. th World Congress Genetics Applied to Livestock Production", pp. 197-204.
3. AMER, P. R., G. C. FOX and C. SMITH (1994): Economic weights from profit equations: appraising their accuracy in the long run. Animal Production 58: 11-18.
4. APIOLAZA, L. A. and B. L. GREAVES (2001): Why are most breeders not using economic breeding objectives? In: IUFRO Symposium "Developing the Eucalypt for the Future". 10-14 September, 2001, Valdivia, Chile.
5. APIOLAZA, L. A. and D. J. GARRICK (2001): Breeding objectives for three silvicultural regimes of radiata pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 654-662.
6. AUBRY, C. A., W T. ADAMS and T. D. FAHEY (1998): Determination of relative economic weights for multitrait selection in coastal Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28(8): 1164-1170.
7. BHATI, U. N. (2000): Rents for plantation land leases. Market Report 13. Department of Forestry, The Australian National University, Canberra available on website: www.anu.edu.au/Forestrv/info/marketreporiyindex . html.
8. BAKER, R. J. (1986): Selection Indices in Plant Breeding. CRC Press, Florida. 218 p.
9. BARNES, R. D. (1994): The seedling orchard in the multiple population breeding strategy. Silvae Genética 44(2-3): 81-88.
10. th Biannual Meeting of the Canadian Tree Improvement Association and International Workshop on Wood Quality (CTLVIUFRO) "Timber Management Toward Wood Quality and End-Product Value", August 1997, Quebec City, pp IV 53-62.
11. BEAUREGARD, R. L., R. GAZO and R. BALL (2002): Grade recovery, value, and return to log for the production of NZ visual grades (cuttings and framing) and Australian machine stress grades. Wood and Fiber Science 34: 485-502.
12. BIER, H. (1986): Bending properties of structural timber from a 28-year-old stand of New Zealand Pinus Radiata. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 22(2/3): 160-186.
13. ndNew Zealand Wood Quality Workshop, September 12, 1997. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua, FRI Bulletin No. 202. p. 5-6.
14. BORRALHO, N. M. G., P. P. COTTERILL and P. J. KANOWSKI (1993): Breeding objectives for pulp production of Eucalyptus globulus under different industrial cost structures. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 648-656.
15. BRASCAMP, E. W., C. SMITH and D. R. GUY (1985): Derivation of economic weights from profit equations. Animal Production 40: 175-180.
16. th South Forest Tree Improvement Conference, June 19-21, Mississippi State, MS. p 132-139.
17. BURDON, R. D. (1990): Implications of non-linear economic weights for breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 79(1): 65-71.
18. BYRAM, T. D., J. H. MYSZEWSKI, D. P. GWAZE and W. J. LOWE (2005): Improving wood quality in the western gulf forest tree improvement program: the problem of multiple breeding objectives. Tree Genetics and Genomes 1: 85-92.
19. CARSON M. J. (1988): Long-internode or multinodal radiata pine? - a financial analysis. FRI Bulletin No. 115, Forest Research Institute, New Zealand, 25 pp.
20. CARSON, S. D., O. GARCIA and J. D. HAYES (1999): Realised gain and prediction of yield with genetically improved Pinus radiata in New Zéland. Forest Science 45(2): 186-200.
21. CARTER, P. (2007): Breeding for wood quality - acoustic tools and technology for the tree breeder. In: Proceedings to Australasian Forest Genetics Conference, "Breeding for Wood Quality", 11-14 April 2007, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
22. CATCHPOOLE, K. J., M. R. NESTER and K. HARDING (2007): Predicting wood value in Quinsland Caribbean pine plantations using decision support system. Australian Forestry 70(2): 120-124.
23. CHAMBERS, P. G. S. and N. M. G. BORRALHO (1997): Importance of survival in short rotation tree breeding programs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27(6): 911-917.
24. CHAMBERS, P. G. S. and N. M. G. BORRALHO (1999): A simple model to examine the impact of changes in wood traits on the costs of thermomechanical pulping and high-brightness newsprint production with radiata pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1-12.
25. CHAMBERS, P. G. S. (2000): Radiata: An Economic Breeding Objective. University of Tasmania PhD Thesis. 347 p.
26. COTTERILL, P. P. and N. JACKSON (1985): On index selection I. Methods of determining economic weight. Silvae Genet. 34(2-3): 56-63.
27. COTTERILL, P. P. and C. A. DEAN (1988): Changes in the genetic control of growth of radiata pine to 6-years and efficiencies of early selection. Silvae Genetica 37: 138-146.
28. COTTERILL, P. P. and C. A. DEAN (1990): Successful tree breeding with index selection. CSIRO, Australia, Melbourne.
29. COWN D. J. (1992): Radiata pine and Douglas fir suitability for processing. New Zealand Forest Research Institute FRI Bulletin No. 168.
30. COWN, D. and L. VAN WYK (2004): Profitable wood processing - what does it require? Good wood! New Zealand Journal of Forestry 49(1): 10-15.
31. COWN, D. J., D. L. MCCONCHIE and C. TRELOAR (1984): Timber recovery from pruned Pinus radiata butt logs at mangatu: Effect of log sweep. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 14(1): 109-123.
32. COWN, D. J., B. WALFORD and M. O. KIMBERLEY (1996a): Cross-grain effect on tensile strength and bending stiffness of Pinus radiata structural lumber. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25(2): 256-262.
33. COWN, D. J., A. N. HASLETT, M. O. KIMBERLEY and M. MCCONCHIE (1996b): The influence of wood quality on lumber drying distortion. Annales des Sciences Forestières 53:1177-1188.
34. COWN, D. J., J. HERBERT and R. BALL (1999): Modelling Pinus radiata lumber characteristics. Part 1: Mechanical properties of small clears. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 29(2): 203-213.
35. CUBBAGE, F. W. (1990): Economic impacts of southern pine wood quality changes. USDA For Serv Southeast For. Exp. Sta. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-63, p. 57-70.
36. DANUSEVICIUS, D. and D. LINDGREN (2005): Optimization of breeding population size for long-term breeding. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 20(1): 18-25.
37. DAQUITAINE, R., L. SAINT-ANDRÉ and J. M. LEBAN (1999): Modelling the boards properties distribution for a forest stand. Analysis of propagation of errors in the simulation process. Application in Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst.). In: G. NEPVEU (ed.). Proceedings of the third workshop IUFRO S5.01.04 "Connection between silviculture and wood quality through modeling approaches and simulation software", La Londe-Les Maures, France, September 5-12,1999.
38. DEAN, C., D. G. NIKLES and K. J. HARDING (1988): Estimates of genetic parameters and gains expected from selection in hoop pine in south-east Queensland. Silvae Genetica 37: 243-247.
39. DEKKERS, J. C. M. and J. P. GIBSON (1998): Applying breeding objectives to dairy cattle improvement. Journal of Dairy Science 81(2): 19-35.
40. DIAZ-BALTEIRO, L. and C. ROMERO (2008): Making forestry decisions with multiple criteria: A review and an assessment. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 3222-3241.
41. DICKERSON, G. E. (1978): Efficiency of animal production molding the biological components. Journal of Animal Science 30: 849-859.
42. DONALDSON, L. (1995): Microfibril angle - Its influence on wood properties, and prospects for improvement in Radiata pine. In: Wood Quality Workshop 95. Edited by: KLITSCHER, K., COWN, D. and DONALDSON, L., New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua, FRI Bulletin No. 201, p. 20-25.
43. th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand 18-21 April 2006. pp. 273-278.
44. EMROUZNEJAD, A. (1995): Data Envelopment Analysis Home Page. Available at: http7ywww.DEAzone.com http://http:www.DEAzone.com. Accessed: 5/7/2008
45. FOSTER, G. S. (1986): Trends in genetic parameters with stand development and their influence on early selection for volume growth in loblolly pine. Forest Science 32(4): 944-959.
46. GAPARE, W. J., H. X. Wu and A. ABARQUEZ (2006): Genetic control of the time of transition from juvenile to mature wood in Pinus radiata D. Don. Annals of Forest Science 63(8): 871-878.
47. GIBSON, J. P. and B. W. KENNEDY (1990): The use of constrained selection indexes in breeding for economic merit. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 80: 801-805.
48. GODDARD, M. E. (1983): Selection indices for non-linear profit functions. Theortical and Applied Genetics 64: 339-344.
49. GODDARD, M. E. (1998): Consensus and debate in the definition of breeding objectives. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 6-18.
50. GRANT, D. J., A. ANTON and P. LIND (1984): Bending strength, stiffness, and stress-grade of structural Pinus radiata: effect of knots and timber density. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 14(3): 331-348.
51. GREAVES, B. L. (1999): The value of tree improvement: a case study in radiate pine grown for structural timber and liner-board. In: G. NEPVEU (ed.). Proceedings of the third workshop IUFRO S5.01.04 "Connection between silviculture and wood quality through modeling approaches and simulation software", La Londe-Les Maures, France, September 5-12, 1999.
52. GREAVES, B. L. and N. M. G. BORRALHO (1996): The influence of basic density and pulp-yield on the cost of eucalypt kraft pulping: a theoretical model for tree breeding. Appita Journal 49: 90-95.
53. GREAVES, B. L., N. M. G. BORRALHO and C. A. RAYMOND (1997a): Breeding objective for plantation eucalypts grown for production of kraft pulp. Forest Science 43: 465-475.
54. GREAVES, B. L., N. M. BORRALHO and C. A. RAYMOND (1997b): Assumptions underlying the use of economic weights: are they valid in breeding for eucalypt kraft pulp? For. Genet. 4(1): 35-42.
55. HAMILTON, D. A. and G. E. REHFELDT (1994): Using individual tree growth projection models to estimate standlevel gains attributable to genetically improved stock. Forest Ecology and Management 68: 189-207.
56. HARDING, K. J., J. M. KNIGHT and G. PALMER (1999): Modeling sawn-wood quality to define breeding objectives and review selection criteria for Pinus elliottii and P. caribea var. hondurensis. In: G. NEPVEU (ed.). Proceedings of the third workshop IUFRO S5.01.04 "Connection between silviculture and wood quality through modeling approaches and simulation software", La Londe-Les Maures, France, September 5-12, 1999.
57. HARVILLE, D. A. (1975): Index selection with proportionality constrains. Biometrics 31: 223-225.
58. HARWOOD, J. L. (1999): Managing risk in farming: concepts, research, and analysis. USDA Economic Research Service, Agricultural economic report No. 774. 125 p.
59. HASLETT, A. N., I. G. SIMPSON and M. O. KIMBERLY (1991): Utilisation of 25-year old Pinus radiata. Part 2: Wrap of structural timber in drying. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 21: 228-234.
60. HAZEL, L. N. (1943): The genetic basis for constructing selection indexes. Genetics 28: 476-490.
61. HIROOKA, H., A. F. GROEN and J. HILLERS (1998): Developing breeding objectives for beef cattle production 1. A bio-economic simulation model. Animal Science 66(3): 607-621.
62. HORGAN, G. P (1991): Market requirements for Pinus radiata clearwood: implications of length specifications. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 21(1): 77-95.
63. ITOH, H. and Y. YAMADA (1988): Linear selection indices for non-linear profit functions. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 75: 553-560.
64. IVKOVIC, M., W. J. GAPARE, A. ABARQUEZ, J. ILIC, M. B. POWELL and H. X. Wu (2009): Prediction of Wood Stiffness, Strength, and Shrinkage in Juvenile Wood of Radiata Pine. Wood Sei Tech 42: 237-257.
65. IVKOVIC, M., H. X. Wu, D. J. SPENCER and T. A. MCRAE (2007): Modelling the effects of stem sweep, branch size and wood stiffness of radiata pine on structural timber production. Australian Forestry 70(3): 173-184.
66. IVKOVIC, M., H. X. Wu, T. A. MCRAE and M. B. POWELL (2006a): Developing Breeding Objective for Pinus Radiata Pine Structural Wood Production I: Bio-Economic Model and Economic Weights. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(11): 2920-2931.
67. IVKOVIC, M., H. X. Wu, T. A. MCRAE and C. A. MATHESON (2006b): Developing Breeding Objective for Pinus Radiata Pine Structural Wood Production II: Sensitivity Analyses. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(11): 2932-2942.
68. IVKOVICH, M. and P. M. KOSHY (2002): Optimisation of multiple trait selection in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf] Sarg.) including pulp and paper properties. Annals of Forest Science 59(5/6): 577-582.
69. JAMES, R. N. (2001): Defining the product: Log grades used in Australia. RIRDC Publication No 01/161.
70. JAYAWICKRAMA, K. J. S. and M. J. CARSON (2000): A breeding strategy for the New Zealand Radiata Pine Breeding Cooperative. Silvae Genetica 49: 82-90.
71. JAYAWICKRAMA, K. J. S. (2001): Potential genetic gain for carbon sequestration: A preliminary study on radiata pine plantations in New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Management 152: 313-322.
72. JOHANSSON, G., I. R. KLIGER and M. PERSTORPER (1994): Quality of structural timber - product specification system required by end-users. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 52(1): 42-48.
73. KEMPTHORNE, O. and A. W. NORDSKOG (1959): Restricted selection index. Biometrics 15: 10-19.
74. th fundamental research symposium. Cambridge, September 1997.
75. KING, J. N., F. C. YEH, J. C. H. HEAMAN and B. P. DANCIK (1988): Selection of wood density and diameter in controlled crosses of coastal Douglas-fir. Silvae Genetica 37: 152-157.
76. th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Montpellier, France, August, 2002. Session 23: 1-8.
77. KLEMPERER, D.W. (1996): Forest Resource Economics and Finance. McGraw Hill, New York.
78. KOOTS, K. R. and J. P. GIBSON (1998a): Economic values for beef production traits from a herd level bioeconomic model. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78(1): 29-45.
79. KOOTS, K. R. and J. P. GIBSON (1998b): Effects of production and marketing circumstances on economic values for beef production traits. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78(1): 47-55.
80. KUMAR, S. (2004): Genetic parameter estimates for wood stiffness, strength, internal checking and resin bleeding for radiata pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 2601-2610.
81. KUMAR, S., K. J. S. JAYAWICKRAMA, J. LEE and M. LAUSBERG (2002): Direct and Indirect Measures of Stiffness and Strength Show High Heritability in a Wind-Pollinated Radiata Pine Progeny Test in New Zealand. Silvae Genetica 51: 256-261.
82. LADD, G. W and G. GIBSON (1978): Microeconomics of technical change: What's a better animal worth? American J. Agricultural Economics 60: 236-240.
83. LEWIS, N. B and I. S. FERGUSSON (1993): Management of Radiata Pine. Inkata Press, Sydney, 404 pp.
84. LOWE, W. J., T. D. BYRAM and F. E. BRIDGWATER (1999): Selecting loblolly pine parents for seed orchards to minimise the costs of producing pulp. Forest Science 45: 213-216.
85. LYNCH, M. and B. WALSH (1999): Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits. Vol. 2 Available from http://nitro. biosci.arizona.edu/zbook/volume-2/ vol2.html Accessed 20/03/2006.
86. MAGNUSSEN, S. (1990): Selection index: economic weights for maximum simultaneous genetic gain. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 79: 289-293.
87. th Biannual Meeting of the Canadian Tree Improvement Association and International Workshop on Wood Quality (CTIA/IUFRO) "Timber Management Toward Wood Quality and End-Product Value", August 1997, Quebec City, p IV 53-62.
88. MCARTHUR, A. T. G. (1987): Weighting breeding objectives - an economic approach. In: "Sixth Annual Conference of the Australian Association of Animal Breeding and Genetics". Perth, p. 187-197.
89. MCRAE, T. A. (2005): Breeding better trees for plantations. Australasian Forest and Timber Review. November 2005.
90. th Wood Quality Workshop: Tools to Improve Log and Wood Products Segregation, 29-30 October, Rotorua, New Zealand.
91. MOAV, R. and W. G. HILL (1966): Specialized sire and dam lines. rV. Selection within lines. Animal Production 8: 375-390.
92. MUNN, I. A. and R. B. PALMQUIST (1997): Estimating hedonic price equations for a timber stumpage market using stochastic frontier estimation procedures. Can. J. For. Res. 27(8): 1276-1280.
93. NAMKOONG, G. (1976): A multiple-index selection strategy. Silvae Genetica 25: 5-6.
94. NAMKOONG, G., H. C. KANG and J. S. BROUARD (1988): Tree Breeding: Principles and Strategies. Springer-Verlag, NY 180 p.
95. PESEK, J. and R. J. BAKER (1969): Desired improvement in relation to selection indices. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 49: 773-783.
96. PONZONI, R. W. and S. NEWMAN (1989): Developing breeding objectives for Australian beef cattle production. Animal Production 49: 35-47.
97. PORTERFIELD, R. L. (1978): Economic evaluation of tree improvement programs. Third World Consultation on Forest Tree Breeding. Session 5. Analysing benefits and costs of tree improvement, p. 1089-1098.
98. POWELL, M. B, T. A. MCRAE, H. X. Wu, G. W. DUTKOWSKI and D. J. PILBEAM (2004): Breeding Strategy for Pinus radiata in Australia. In: 'IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2 Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, Charleston, South Carolina, USA - 1-5 November 2004. Available from http://www.ncsu.edu/feop/iufro- genetics2004/ proceedings. pdf.
99. RAJESHWAR, B., D. A. BENDER, D. E. BRAY and K. A. MCDONALD (1997): An ultrasonic technique for predicting tensile strength of southern pine lumber. Transactions of the ASAE 40(4): 1153-1159.
100. nd New Zealand Wood Quality Workshop, September 12, 1997. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua, FRI Bulletin No. 202 p 1-5.
101. SCHNEEBERGER, M., S. A. BARWICK, G. H. CROW and K. HAMMOND (1992): Economie indices using breeding values predicted by BLUP. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 107: 180-187.
102. SHELBOURNE, C. J. A., L. A. APIOLAZA, K. J. S. JAYAWICKRAMA and C. T. SoRENSSON (1997): Developing breeding objectives for radiata pine in New Zealand. In: R. BURDON and J. M. MOORE (Eds). Proceedings of IUFRO'97 Genetics of Radiata Pine, Rotorua, NZ, 1-4 December, 1997. FRI Bulletin No. 203. p. 160-168.
103. SMITH, C., J. W JAMES and E. W BRASCAMP (1986): On the derivation of economic weights in livestock improvement. Animal Production 43: 545-550.
104. th Wood Quality Workshop: Tools to Improve Log and Wood Products Segregation, 29-30 October, Rotorua, New Zealand.
105. th Biannual Meeting of the Canadian Tree Improvement Association (CTIA/IUFRO), International Workshop on Wood Quality, Quebec City.
106. TALBERT, C. B. (1984): An analysis of several approaches to multiple-trait index selection in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L). PhD Thesis. North Carolina State University at Raleigh, 106 p.
107. TALBERT, C. B. (1995): From gene to market: realizing the value from genetics and silviculture as an integrated system. In: B. M. POTTS, N. M. G. BORRALHO, J. B. REID, R. N. CROMER, W. N. TIBBITS and C. A. RAYMOND (eds.). "Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. Proc. of the CRC-IUFRO Conference". Hobart, Australia. (CRC Temperate Hardwood Forestry.) p. 20-23.
108. TALLIS, G. W. (1962): A selection index for optimum genotype. Biometrics 18: 120-122.
109. TESS, M. W., G. L. BENNETT and G. E. DICKERSON (1983): Simulation of genetic changes in life cycle efficiency of pork production. I. A bioeconomic model. Journal of Animal Science 56(2): 336-353.
110. TODOROKI, C. L. (1996): Log rotation effect on carriage sawing of swept logs. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25(2): 246-255.
111. TODOROKI, C. L., G. G. WEST and R. L. KNOWLES (2001): Sensitivity analysis of log and branch characteristics influencing sawn timber grade. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 3(1): 101-119.
112. TODOROKI, C. L., R. L. KNOWLES and VAN DER and M. COLFF (2002): Models for predicting lumber grade yield using external log features, internal wood quality and sonics. In: G. NEPVEAU (ed.). Connection between Forest Resources and Wood Quality: Modelling Approaches and Simulation Software. Proceedings of second workshop, IUFRO WP S5.01-04. Harrison Hot Springs, BC, Canada, 8-15 September 2002. Publiction LERFoB/2004 INRA-ENGREF, Nancy, France, p. 456-463.
113. TSEHAYE, A. and J. C. F. WALKER (1996): Spiral grain in Canterbury Pinus radiata: within- and between-tree variations and effect on mechanical properties. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25(3): 358-366.
114. VERRYN, S. D. (2007): In: Proceedings to Australasian Forest Genetics Conference. "Breeding for wood quality-a perspective for the future". 11-14 April 2007, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
115. VOSE, D. (1996): Quantitative Risk Analysis: A Guide to Monte Carlo. Simulation Modeling Wiley, Toronto, 328 p.
116. WELLER, J. I. (1994): Economic Aspects of Animal Breeding. ChapmanandHall. 244 p.
117. WHITTOCK, S. P., B. L. GREAVES and L. A. APIOLAZA (2004): A cash flow model to compare coppice and genetically improved seedling options for Eucalyptus globulus pulpwood plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 191: 267-274.
118. WHITTOCK, S. P., G. W. DUTKOWSKI, B. L. GREAVES and L. A. APIOLAZA (2007): Integrating ravenues from carbon sequestration into economic breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus pulpwood production. Annals of Forest Science 64: 239-246.
119. WOLFOVA, M., J. WOLF, J. PRIBYL, R. ZAHRADKOVA and J. KICA (2005): Breeding objectives for beef cattle used in different production systems: 1. Model development. Livestock Production Science 95(3): 201-215.
120. WU, H. X. and C. C. YING (1997): Genetic parameters and selection efficiencies in resistance to western gall rust, stalactiform blister rust, needle cast and sequoia pitch month in lodgepole pine. Forest Science 43: 571-581.
121. WU, H. X., J. L. YANG, M. IVKOVIC, T. A. MCRAE and M. B. POWELL (2007): Efficiency of Early Selection for Rotation-aged Microfibril Angle and Modulus of Elasticity in Radiata Pine. Annals of Forest Science 64(1): 1-9.
122. YAMADA, Y. (1995): Are economic selection indices always superior to a desired gains index? Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91: 655-658.