From lord to landowner: The predicament of the late colonial Mixtec cacique

Ethnohistory

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 445-466

  Chance, John K ^a  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 77955588782     PISSN: 00141801     EISSN: 15275477     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/00141801-2010-005     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. A previous version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory, Eugene, OR, 14 November 2008.
2. My archival research was made possible by a Fulbright-Hays Faculty Research Grant. I wish to thank two anonymous reviewers of this journal for their comments on an earlier draft.
3. Archivo General de la Nación, Mexico City (hereafter AGN), Tierras 400, exp. 1, fols. 73v, 107v.
4. AGN Tierras 3489, exp. 4, fols. 7v, 39v.
5. AGN Tierras 245, exp. 2, fol. 13v; Tierras 837, exp. 1, fol. 56. 4 AGN Tierras 649, primera parte, exp. 1, fol. 88.
6. AGN Tierras 212, exp. 4; Archivo Histórico Judicial de Oaxaca (hereafter AHJO) Huajuapan Civil, Caja 35, exp. 25.
7. AGN Tierras 571, exp. 1, fols. 81r-v.
8. AHJO, Teposcolula Civil, Caja 31, exp. 32.
9. AHJO Teposcolula Civil, Caja 40, exp. 24.
10. AHJO Teposcolula Civil, Caja 58, exp. 8.
11. Some documented cases of cacique donations to communities occurred in Santiago Cacalotepec in 1723, in Santa Gertrudis Cozualtepec in 1756, and in San Juan Nochistlan about 1770.
12. There were many others. AGN Tierras 923, exp. 3; Tierras 837, exp. 1; AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Caja 4, exp. 4.
13. AGN Tierras 923, exp. 3.
14. AGN Tierras 1251, exp. 2, fol. 56.
15. AGN Tierras 494, exp. 5, cuaderno 2, fols. 2-79.
16. AGN Tierras 657, exp. 1, fols. 1-5v, 67v; AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Caja 6, exp. 20.
17. Don Joaquín Antonio was probably the father of José María, mentioned in the section Rituals of Confirmation.
18. AGN Títulos Primordiales de la Reforma Agraria, Caja 7, exp. 3, fol. 35.
19. AGN Tierras 649, segunda parte, exp. 1, fols. 11-36; Tierras 650, exp. 1, fols. 98v-101; Tierras 779, exp. 1.
20. AGN Tierras 212, exp. 4, fols. 31-35.
21. AGN Tierras 657, exp. 3, fols. 40v-87v; Tierras 1054, exp. 1, fol. 20.
22. A more detailed version of the history of the Villagómez cacicazgo of Suchitepec, including marriage alliances, can be found in Chance (forthcoming).
23. It is possible, though less likely, that the Suchitepec Villagómez family had roots in Yanhuitlan in the Mixteca Alta.
24. A don Rodrigo de Villagómez y Guzmán was a cacique there in 1674, though this reference postdates the marriage of don Diego de Villagómez of Acatlan-Petlalcingo with doña María Pimentel y Guz-mán of Yanhuitlan (Romero and Spores, 1976: 109).
25. I thank John Monaghan for calling this to my attention.
26. AGN Indios 41, exp. 196; Indios 42, exp. 77; Indios 43, exp. 29; Tierras 1251, exp. 2, fols. 2-49v; Tierras 2986, exp. 192, fol. 91v.
27. AGN Tierras 1251, exp. 2, fols. 2-49v.
28. AGN Tierras 661, exp. 1, fols. 40v-54v.
29. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 3, exp. 3, fols. 7-91.
30. AGN Tierras 1452, exp. 3, fols. 1-22; Tierras 1089, exp. 1, fol. 260; AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 2, exp. 1, fol. 106.
31. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 2, exp. 1, fol. 192v; Legajo 3, exp. 3, fols. 7v, 11, 20v-97.
32. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 5, exp. 2; Monaghan 2005: 418.
33. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 3, exp. 15; AGN Tierras 2986, exp. 192; Tierras 1251, exp. 2, fols. 6-23; Tierras 1418, exp. 6, fols. 56, 126, 137, 175v.
34. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 13, exp. 2.
35. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 21, exp. 5; Legajo 23, exps. 8, 9, and 16; Legajo 31, exp. 3.
36. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 17, exp. 3.
37. AHJO Huajuapan Civil, Legajo 12, exp. 7; Legajo 18, exp. 2; Legajo 21, exp. 5.
38. See also Monaghan 1997: 270.
39. Monaghan and others have ably sketched the fate of the Villagómez cacicazgo in the late nineteenth century after the death of don Mariano Villagómez (Monaghan 2005; Monaghan, Joyce, and Spores 2003).
40. There were exceptions. For example, in Tepexi de la Seda, a Popoloca-speaking community just north of the Mixteca, the town's five cacique families kept a tight grip on the office of gobernador throughout the eighteenth century (Cruz Pazos 2008).
41. Acuña, René, ed. 1984 Relaciones geográficas del siglo XVI: Antequera. Vol. 1. Mexico City: UNAM.
42. Chance, John K. 1994 Indian Elites in Late Colonial Mesoamerica. In Caciques and Their People: A Volume in Honor of Ronald Spores. Joyce Marcus and Judith Francis Zeitlin, eds. Pp. 45-65.
43. Ann Arbor: Anthropological Papers No. 89. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
44. Chance, John K. 1997 The Mixtec Nobility under Colonial Rule. In Codices, caciques, y comunidades. Maarten Jansen and Luis Reyes García, coords. Cuadernos de Historia Latinoamericana No. 5. Pp. 161-78.
45. Leiden: Asociación de Historiadores Latinoamericanistas Europeos.
46. Chance, John K. 2009 Marriage Alliances among Colonial Mixtec Elites: The Villagómez Caciques of Acatlan-Petlalcingo. Ethnohistory 56: 91-123.
47. Forthcoming Los Villagómez de Suchitepec, Oaxaca: Un cacicazgo mixteco, 1701-1860. Revista Española de Antropología Americana.
48. Clavero, Bartolomé. 1974 Mayorazgo: Propiedad feudal en Castilla 1369-1836. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
49. Cruz Pazos, Patricia. 2008 Juan de Moctezuma y Cortés: El ascenso al poder de un cacique indígena (Tepexi de la Seda, 1703-1778).
50. Revista Española de Antropología Americana 38: 31-50.
51. Fernández de Recas, Guillermo S. 1965 Mayorazgos de la Nueva España. Mexico City: UNAM.
52. Gibson, Charles. 1964 The Aztecs under Spanish Rule. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
53. González Hermosillo, Francisco. 1998 La élite indígena de Cholula en el siglo XVIII: El caso de don Juan de León y Mendoza. In Círculos del poder en la Nueva España. Carmen Castañeda, coord. Pp. 59-103. Mexico City: CIESAS.
54. Menegus Bornemann, Margarita. 2005 El cacicazgo en Nueva España. In El cacicazgo en Nueva España y Filipinas. Margarita Menegus Bornemann and Rodolfo Aguirre Salvador, coords. Pp. 13-69.
55. Mexico City: UNAM y Plaza y Valdés.
56. Monaghan, John. 1997 Mixtec Caciques in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. In Codices, caciques, y comunidades. Maarten Jansen and Luis Reyes García, coords. Cuadernos de historia latinoamericana No. 5. Pp. 265-81.
57. Leiden: Asociación de Historiadores Latinoamericanistas Europeos.
58. Monaghan, John. 2005 Mixtec Codices and the Transition from Noble Estates to Corporate Communities in the Nineteenth Century. In Painted Books and Indigenous Knowledge in Mesoamerica: Manuscript Studies in Honor of Mary Elizabeth Smith. Elizabeth Hill Boone, ed. Pp. 415-26.
59. New Orleans, LA: Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University.
60. Monaghan, John 2006 Mixtec Cacique Marriages. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory, Williamsburg, VA, 4 November.
61. Monaghan, John, Arthur Joyce, and Ronald Spores. 2003 Transformation of the Indigenous Cacicazgo in the Nineteenth Century. Ethnohistory 50: 131-50.
62. Pastor, Rodolfo. 1987 Campesinos y reformas: La Mixteca, 1700-1856. Mexico City: El Colegio de México.
63. Romero, Ma. de los Angeles, and Ronald Spores, comps. 1976 Índice del Archivo del Juzgado de Teposcolula, Oaxaca: Época colonial. Mexico City: INAH, Cuadernos de los Centros, No. 32.
64. Spores, Ronald. 1967 Mixtec Kings and Their People. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
65. Spores, Ronald. 1984 The Mixtecs in Ancient and Colonial Times. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
66. Taylor, William B. 1972 Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
67. Terraciano, Kevin. 2000 The Colonial Mixtec Community. Hispanic American Historical Review 80: 1-42.
68. Terraciano, Kevin. 2001 The Mixtecs of Colonial Oaxaca. Stanford: Stanford University Press.