메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 587-593

The direct observational method and possibilities for neotropical carnivores: An invitation for the rescue of a classical method spread over the primatology

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 77955575397     PISSN: 19844670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-46702009000400001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 38649114376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reassessment of the interface between conservation and behaviour
    • Angeloni, L.; M.A. Schlaepfer; J.J. Lawler & K.R. Crooks. 2008. A reassessment of the interface between conservation and behaviour. Animal Behaviour 75 (2): 731-737.
    • (2008) Animal Behaviour , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 731-737
    • Angeloni, L.1    Schlaepfer, M.A.2    Lawler, J.J.3    Crooks, K.R.4
  • 2
    • 33746223269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canid reproductive biology: An integration of proximate mechanisms and ultimate causes
    • Asa, C.S. & C. Valdespino. 1998. Canid reproductive biology: an integration of proximate mechanisms and ultimate causes. American Zoologist 38: 251-259.
    • (1998) American Zoologist , vol.38 , pp. 251-259
    • Asa, C.S.1    Valdespino, C.2
  • 3
    • 0029750836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social effects of space availability on the breeding behaviour of elephant seals in Patagonia
    • Baldi, R.; C. Campagna; S. Pedraza; B.J. Le Bouf. 1996. Social effects of space availability on the breeding behaviour of elephant seals in Patagonia. Animal Behaviour 51 (4): 717-724.
    • (1996) Animal Behaviour , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 717-724
    • Baldi, R.1    Campagna, C.2    Pedraza, S.3    Le Bouf, B.J.4
  • 4
    • 0032416698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Puma (Puma concolor patagonica) feeding observations and attacks on guanacos (Lama guanicoe)
    • Bank, M.S. & W.L. Franklin. 1998. Puma (Puma concolor patagonica) feeding observations and attacks on guanacos (Lama guanicoe). Mammalia 62: 599-605
    • (1998) Mammalia , vol.62 , pp. 599-605
    • Bank, M.S.1    Franklin, W.L.2
  • 5
    • 0035502346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes on the coati Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in an Atlantic Forest area
    • Beisiegel, B.M. 2001. Notes on the coati Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in an Atlantic Forest area. Brazilian Journal of Biology 61 (1): 689-692.
    • (2001) Brazilian Journal of Biology , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 689-692
    • Beisiegel, B.M.1
  • 6
    • 0032433449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) predation on pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) in Central Brazil
    • Bestelmeyer S.V. & C. Westbrook. 1998. Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) predation on pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) in Central Brazil. Mammalia 62 (4): 591-595.
    • (1998) Mammalia , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 591-595
    • Bestelmeyer, S.V.1    Westbrook, C.2
  • 7
    • 0024652682 scopus 로고
    • Hunting behavior of wild Chimpanzees in the Taï National Park
    • Boesch, C. & H. Boesch. 1989. Hunting behavior of wild Chimpanzees in the Taï National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78 (4): 545-573.
    • (1989) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 545-573
    • Boesch, C.1    Boesch, H.2
  • 8
    • 0002656730 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the behavior and ecology of the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)
    • J.F.EISENBER (Ed.), Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press
    • Brady, C.A. 1979. Observations on the behavior and ecology of the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), p. 161-167. In: J.F.EISENBER (Ed.). Vertebrate Ecology in the Northern Neotropics. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 271p.
    • (1979) Vertebrate Ecology in the Northern Neotropics , pp. 161-167
    • Brady, C.A.1
  • 9
    • 0028843172 scopus 로고
    • Observations of predation by pumas and Geoffroy's cats on the plains vizcacha in semi-arid scrub of central Argentina
    • Branch, L. 1995. Observations of predation by pumas and Geoffroy's cats on the plains vizcacha in semi-arid scrub of central Argentina. Mammalia 59 (1): 152-156.
    • (1995) Mammalia , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 152-156
    • Branch, L.1
  • 10
    • 20444376963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding success of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti: The effects of group size and kleptoparasitism
    • Carbone, C.; L. Frame; G. Frame; J. Malcolm; & J. Fanshawe. 2005. Feeding success of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti: The effects of group size and kleptoparasitism. Journal of Zoology 266: 153-161.
    • (2005) Journal of Zoology , vol.266 , pp. 153-161
    • Carbone, C.1    Frame, L.2    Frame, G.3    Malcolm, J.4    Fanshawe, J.5
  • 12
    • 85036704476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Os primórdios da primatologia no Brasil
    • S.L. MENDES & A.G. CHIARELLO, Vitória, Editora da UFES
    • Coimbra-Filho, A.F. 2004. Os primórdios da primatologia no Brasil, p. 11-35. In: S.L. MENDES & A.G. CHIARELLO (Eds). A Primatologia no Brasil 8. Vitória, Editora da UFES, 340p.
    • (2004) A Primatologia No Brasil , vol.8 , pp. 11-35
    • Coimbra-Filho, A.F.1
  • 13
    • 33645461142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First observations on South America's largely insectivorous canid: The hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus)
    • Courtenay, O.; D.W. Macdonald; S. Gillingham; G. Almeida & R. Dias. 2006. First observations on South America's largely insectivorous canid: the hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus). Journal of Zoology 268 (1): 45-54.
    • (2006) Journal of Zoology , vol.268 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-54
    • Courtenay, O.1    Macdonald, D.W.2    Gillingham, S.3    Almeida, G.4    Dias, R.5
  • 14
    • 84862327709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history of carnivore research in Brazil
    • R.G. Morato; F.H.G. Rodrigues; E. Eizirik; P.R. Mangini; F.C.C. Azevedo & J. Marinho-Filho, São Paulo, Ibama
    • Crawshaw, P.G. 2006. The history of carnivore research in Brazil, p. 15-37. In: R.G. Morato; F.H.G. Rodrigues; E. Eizirik; P.R. Mangini; F.C.C. Azevedo & J. Marinho-Filho (Eds). Manejo e conservação de carnívoros neotropicais. São Paulo, Ibama, 396p.
    • (2006) Manejo E Conservação De Carnívoros Neotropicais , pp. 15-37
    • Crawshaw, P.G.1
  • 15
    • 0030619854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rank and reproduction in cooperatively breeding African wild dogs: Behavioral and endocrine correlates
    • Creel, S.; N.M. Creel; M.G.L. Mills & S.L. Monfort. 1997. Rank and reproduction in cooperatively breeding African wild dogs: behavioral and endocrine correlates. Behavioral Ecology 8: 298-306.
    • (1997) Behavioral Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 298-306
    • Creel, S.1    Creel, N.M.2    Mills, M.G.L.3    Monfort, S.L.4
  • 16
    • 0000538613 scopus 로고
    • An encounter between bush dog (Speothos venaticus) and paca (Agouti paca)
    • Deutsch, L. 1983. An encounter between bush dog (Speothos venaticus) and paca (Agouti paca). Journal of Mammalogy 64 (3): 532-533.
    • (1983) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 532-533
    • Deutsch, L.1
  • 17
    • 36749066616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habituation of Western Gorillas: The process and factors that influence it
    • Doran-Sheehy, D.M.; A.M. Derby; D. Greer & P. Mongo. 2007. Habituation of Western Gorillas: the process and factors that influence it. American Journal of Primatology 69 (12): 1354-1369.
    • (2007) American Journal of Primatology , vol.69 , Issue.12 , pp. 1354-1369
    • Doran-Sheehy, D.M.1    Derby, A.M.2    Greer, D.3    Mongo, P.4
  • 18
    • 0034580831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living with the enemy: Avoidance of hyenas and lions by cheetahs in the Serengeti
    • Durant, S.M. 2000. Living with the enemy: avoidance of hyenas and lions by cheetahs in the Serengeti. Behavioral Ecology 11 (6): 624-632.
    • (2000) Behavioral Ecology , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 624-632
    • Durant, S.M.1
  • 20
    • 0001807582 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cooperative breeding in birds and mammals
    • J.R. KREBS & N.B. DAVIES, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Emlem, S.T. 1991. Evolution of cooperative breeding in birds and mammals, p. 301-337. In: J.R. KREBS & N.B. DAVIES (Eds). Behavioural ecology. An evolutionary approach. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 464p.
    • (1991) Behavioural Ecology. An Evolutionary Approach , pp. 301-337
    • Emlem, S.T.1
  • 21
    • 84990137283 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of resource overlap between howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and other arboreal mammals in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico
    • Estrada, A. & R. Coates-Estrada. 1985. A preliminary study of resource overlap between howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and other arboreal mammals in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. American Journal of Primatology 9 (1): 27-37.
    • (1985) American Journal of Primatology , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-37
    • Estrada, A.1    Coates-Estrada, R.2
  • 22
    • 30844443726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cathemerality and lunar periodicity of activity rhythms in owl monkeys of the Argentinian Chaco
    • Fernandez-Duque, E. & H. Erkert. 2006. Cathemerality and lunar periodicity of activity rhythms in owl monkeys of the Argentinian Chaco. Folia Primatologica 77 (1): 123-138.
    • (2006) Folia Primatologica , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-138
    • Fernandez-Duque, E.1    Erkert, H.2
  • 24
    • 0032458089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hunting by male lions: Ecological influences and socioecological implications
    • Funston, P.J.; M.G.L. Mills; H.C. Biggs; P.R.K. Richardson. 1998. Hunting by male lions: ecological influences and socioecological implications. Animal Behaviour 56 (6): 1333-1345.
    • (1998) Animal Behaviour , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 1333-1345
    • Funston, P.J.1    Mills, M.G.L.2    Biggs, H.C.3    Richardson, P.R.K.4
  • 25
    • 0040205260 scopus 로고
    • Activity rhythms and use of space of a group of Aotus azarae in Bolivia during the rainy season
    • Garcia, J.E. & F. Braza. 1987. Activity rhythms and use of space of a group of Aotus azarae in Bolivia during the rainy season. Primates 28 (3): 337-342.
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-342
    • Garcia, J.E.1    Braza, F.2
  • 26
    • 0032078085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource distribution, female home range dispersion and male spatial interactions: Group structure in a solitary carnivore
    • Gehrt, S.D. & E.K. Fritzell. 1998. Resource distribution, female home range dispersion and male spatial interactions: group structure in a solitary carnivore. Animal Behaviour 55 (5): 1211-1227.
    • (1998) Animal Behaviour , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 1211-1227
    • Gehrt, S.D.1    Fritzell, E.K.2
  • 27
    • 0003215771 scopus 로고
    • A comparative perspective on the evolution of tamarin and marmoset social systems
    • Goldizen, A.W. 1990. A comparative perspective on the evolution of tamarin and marmoset social systems. International Journal of Primatology 11 (1): 63-83.
    • (1990) International Journal of Primatology , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-83
    • Goldizen, A.W.1
  • 28
    • 0029662732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociality and asociality in white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica): Foraging costs and benefits
    • Gompper, M.E. 1996. Sociality and asociality in white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica): foraging costs and benefits. Behavioral Ecology 7 (3): 254-263.
    • (1996) Behavioral Ecology , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 254-263
    • Gompper, M.E.1
  • 30
    • 48449087993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between primates and other mammals in a central Amazonian forest landscape
    • Haugaasen, T. & C. Peres. 2008. Associations between primates and other mammals in a central Amazonian forest landscape. Primates 49 (3): 219-222.
    • (2008) Primates , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-222
    • Haugaasen, T.1    Peres, C.2
  • 31
    • 33750979536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prey preferences of the cheetah Acinonyx jubatus: Morphological limitations or the need to capture rapidly consumable prey before kleptoparasites arrive?
    • Hayward, M.W.; J. O'brien; M. Hofmeyr & G.I.H. Kerley. 2006. Prey preferences of the cheetah Acinonyx jubatus: morphological limitations or the need to capture rapidly consumable prey before kleptoparasites arrive? Journal of Zoology 270: 615-627.
    • (2006) Journal of Zoology , vol.270 , pp. 615-627
    • Hayward, M.W.1    O'Brien, J.2    Hofmeyr, M.3    Kerley, G.I.H.4
  • 32
    • 0037496262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral processes and costs of co-existence in female spotted hyaenas: A life history perspective
    • Hofer, H. & M. East. 2003. Behavioral processes and costs of co-existence in female spotted hyaenas: a life history perspective. Evolutionary Ecology 17: 315-331.
    • (2003) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 315-331
    • Hofer, H.1    East, M.2
  • 33
    • 33846056231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iucn., Available on line at, Accessed: 06/VII/ 2009
    • Iucn. 2009. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available on line at: http://www.iucnredlist.org [Accessed: 06/VII/ 2009].
    • (2009) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  • 35
    • 0000905869 scopus 로고
    • Human and big cats as predators in the Neotropics
    • N. DUNSTONE & M.L. GORMAN (Eds), Oxford, Oxford University Press
    • Jorgenson, J.P. & K.H. Redford. 1993. Human and big cats as predators in the Neotropics, p. 367-390. In: N. DUNSTONE & M.L. GORMAN (Eds). Mammals as Predators. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 512p.
    • (1993) Mammals As Predators , pp. 367-390
    • Jorgenson, J.P.1    Redford, K.H.2
  • 36
    • 0034913729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social organization of the kinkajou Potos flavus (Procyonidae)
    • Kays, R.W. & J.L. Gittleman. 2001. The social organization of the kinkajou Potos flavus (Procyonidae). Journal of Zoology 253 (4): 491-504.
    • (2001) Journal of Zoology , vol.253 , Issue.4 , pp. 491-504
    • Kays, R.W.1    Gittleman, J.L.2
  • 38
    • 0035891189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If they could talk to the animals
    • Knight, J. 2001. If they could talk to the animals. Nature 414: 246-247.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 246-247
    • Knight, J.1
  • 41
    • 0030472334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enduring social relationships in a population of crab-eating zorro, Cerdocyon thous, in Amazonian Brazil
    • Macdonald, D.W. & O. Courtney. 1996. Enduring social relationships in a population of crab-eating zorro, Cerdocyon thous, in Amazonian Brazil. Journal of Zoology 239: 329-355.
    • (1996) Journal of Zoology , vol.239 , pp. 329-355
    • Macdonald, D.W.1    Courtney, O.2
  • 42
    • 34347210700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf
    • Macnulty, D.R.; L.D. Mech & D.W. Smith. 2007. A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf. Journal of Mammalogy 88 (3): 595-605.
    • (2007) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 595-605
    • Macnulty, D.R.1    Mech, L.D.2    Smith, D.W.3
  • 43
    • 1542318829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One thousand jaguars (Panthera onca) in Bolivia's Chaco? Camera trapping in the Kaa-lya National Park
    • Maffei, L.; E. Cuéllar & A. Noss. 2004. One thousand jaguars (Panthera onca) in Bolivia's Chaco? Camera trapping in the Kaa-lya National Park. Journal of Zoology 262 (3): 295-304.
    • (2004) Journal of Zoology , vol.262 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-304
    • Maffei, L.1    Cuéllar, E.2    Noss, A.3
  • 44
    • 79954545688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home range and activity of two sympatric fox species in the Bolivian Dry Chaco
    • Maffei, L.; R. Paredes, A. Segundo & A. Noss. 2007. Home range and activity of two sympatric fox species in the Bolivian Dry Chaco. Canid News 10 (4): 1-7.
    • (2007) Canid News , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-7
    • Maffei, L.1    Paredes, R.2    Segundo, A.3    Noss, A.4
  • 45
    • 0001454809 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods used to study food habits of large African carnivores
    • D.R. MCCULLOUGH & R.H. BARRETT, Amsterdam, Elsevier
    • Mills, G.L. 1992. A comparison of methods used to study food habits of large African carnivores, p. 1112-1124. In: D.R. MCCULLOUGH & R.H. BARRETT (Eds). Wildlife 2001: populations. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1164 p.
    • (1992) Wildlife 2001: Populations , pp. 1112-1124
    • Mills, G.L.1
  • 47
    • 0011937706 scopus 로고
    • Social structure and food habits of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Venezuelan llanos
    • Montgomery, G.G. & Y.D. Lubin. 1978. Social structure and food habits of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Venezuelan llanos. Acta Cientifica Venezelana 29 (1): 382-383.
    • (1978) Acta Cientifica Venezelana , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 382-383
    • Montgomery, G.G.1    Lubin, Y.D.2
  • 49
    • 85036701361 scopus 로고
    • Arlington, Richer Resources Publications, [translated by I. Johnston, 2009 new edition]
    • Nietzsche, F. 1887. On the genealogy of morals. Arlington, Richer Resources Publications, 136p, [translated by I. Johnston, 2009 new edition].
    • (1887) On the Genealogy of morals , vol.136
    • Nietzsche, F.1
  • 50
    • 79954506124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on Brazilian terrestrial Carnivora: Current knowledge and priorities for the new millennium
    • R. MORATO; F.H.G. RODRIGUES; E. Eizirik; P.R. Mangini; F.C.C. Azevedo & J. Marinho-Filho, São Paulo, Ibama
    • Oliveira, T.G. 2006. Research on Brazilian terrestrial Carnivora: current knowledge and priorities for the new millennium, p. 39-45. In: R. MORATO; F.H.G. RODRIGUES; E. Eizirik; P.R. Mangini; F.C.C. Azevedo & J. Marinho-Filho (Eds). Manejo e conservação de carnívoros neotropicais. São Paulo, Ibama, 396p.
    • (2006) Manejo E Conservação De Carnívoros Neotropicais , pp. 39-45
    • Oliveira, T.G.1
  • 52
    • 0034426417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of mule deer by mountain lions and coyotes: Effects of hunting style, body size, and reproductive status
    • Pierce, B.M.; V.C. Bleich & R.T. Bowyer. 2000. Selection of mule deer by mountain lions and coyotes: effects of hunting style, body size, and reproductive status. Journal of Mammalogy 81 (2): 462-472.
    • (2000) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 462-472
    • Pierce, B.M.1    Bleich, V.C.2    Bowyer, R.T.3
  • 53
    • 42149133143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canine Size, Shape, and Bending Strength in Primates and Carnivores
    • Plavcan, J.M. & C.B. Ruff. 2008. Canine Size, Shape, and Bending Strength in Primates and Carnivores. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 136 (1): 65-84.
    • (2008) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.136 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-84
    • Plavcan, J.M.1    Ruff, C.B.2
  • 54
    • 36749041810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of hydroelectric lakes by giant otters Pteronura brasiliensis: Balbina Lake in central Amazonia, Brazil
    • Rosas, C.W.; G.E. Mattos & M.M.M. Cabral. 2007. The use of hydroelectric lakes by giant otters Pteronura brasiliensis: Balbina Lake in central Amazonia, Brazil. Oryx 41 (4): 520-524.
    • (2007) Oryx , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 520-524
    • Rosas, C.W.1    Mattos, G.E.2    Cabral, M.M.M.3
  • 57
    • 0000743816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of Neotropical Primates: Threatened species and an analysis of primate diversity by country and region
    • Rylands, A.B.; R.A. Mittermeier & E. Rodríguez-Luna. 1997. Conservation of Neotropical Primates: threatened species and an analysis of primate diversity by country and region. Folia Primatologica 68 (3-5): 134-160.
    • (1997) Folia Primatologica , vol.68 , Issue.3-5 , pp. 134-160
    • Rylands, A.B.1    Mittermeier, R.A.2    Rodríguez-Luna, E.3
  • 58
    • 38049074398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term automatic video recording as a tool for analyzing the time patterns of utilization of predefined locations by wild animals
    • Scheibe, K.M.; K. Eichhorn; M. Wiesmayr; B. Schonert & O. Krone. 2008. Long-term automatic video recording as a tool for analyzing the time patterns of utilization of predefined locations by wild animals. European Journal of Wildlife Research 54 (1): 53-59.
    • (2008) European Journal of Wildlife Research , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-59
    • Scheibe, K.M.1    Eichhorn, K.2    Wiesmayr, M.3    Schonert, B.4    Krone, O.5
  • 59
    • 0742317994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-evolution of human and Canids, an alternative view of dog domestication: Homo homini lupus?
    • Schleidt, W.M. & M.D. Shalter. 2003. Co-evolution of human and canids, an alternative view of dog domestication: Homo homini lupus? Evolution and cognition 9 (1): 57-72.
    • (2003) Evolution and Cognition , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-72
    • Schleidt, W.M.1    Shalter, M.D.2
  • 61
    • 33644881082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tools for the edge: What's new for conserving carnivores
    • Shivik, J.A. 2006. Tools for the edge: what's new for conserving carnivores. BioScience 56 (3): 253-259.
    • (2006) BioScience , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-259
    • Shivik, J.A.1
  • 64
    • 49149089087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and ecological determinants of fission-fusion dynamics in the spotted hyaena
    • Smith, J.E.; J.M. Kolowski; K.E. Graham; S.E. Dawes & K.E. Holekamp. 2008. Social and ecological determinants of fission-fusion dynamics in the spotted hyaena. Animal Behaviour 76 (3): 619-635.
    • (2008) Animal Behaviour , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 619-635
    • Smith, J.E.1    Kolowski, J.M.2    Graham, K.E.3    Dawes, S.E.4    Holekamp, K.E.5
  • 65
    • 0032978758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has predation shaped the social systems of arboreal primates?
    • Treves, A. 1999. Has predation shaped the social systems of arboreal primates? International Journal of Primatology 20 (1): 35-67.
    • (1999) International Journal of Primatology , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-67
    • Treves, A.1
  • 66
    • 0347365842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human-carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide
    • Treves, A. & K.U. Karanth. 2003. Human-carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide. Conservation Biology 17 (6): 1491-1499.
    • (2003) Conservation Biology , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 1491-1499
    • Treves, A.1    Karanth, K.U.2
  • 67
    • 53549095495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing hominin interactions with mammalian carnivores (6.0 - 1.8 Ma)
    • K.A.I. NEKARIS & S.L. GURSKY, New York, Springer
    • Treves, A. & P. Palmqvist. 2007. Reconstructing hominin interactions with mammalian carnivores (6.0 - 1.8 Ma), p. 355-382. In: K.A.I. NEKARIS & S.L. GURSKY (Eds). Primate anti-predator strategies. New York, Springer, 369p.
    • (2007) Primate Anti-predator Strategies , pp. 355-382
    • Treves, A.1    Palmqvist, P.2
  • 68
    • 0036325222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observation of bush dog (Speothos venaticus) hunting behaviour
    • Wallace, R.B.; R.L.E. Painter & A. Saldiania. 2002. An observation of bush dog (Speothos venaticus) hunting behaviour. Mammalia 66: 309-311.
    • (2002) Mammalia , vol.66 , pp. 309-311
    • Wallace, R.B.1    Painter, R.L.E.2    Saldiania, A.3
  • 70
    • 4043114309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habituating primates: Processes, techniques, variables and ethics
    • J.M. Setchell & D.J. Curtis (Eds), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • Williamson, E.A. & A.T.C. Feistner. 2003. Habituating primates: processes, techniques, variables and ethics, p. 25-39. In: J.M. Setchell & D.J. Curtis (Eds). Field and laboratory methods in Primatology: a practical guide. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 370p.
    • (2003) Field and Laboratory Methods in Primatology: A Practical Guide , pp. 25-39
    • Williamson, E.A.1    Feistner, A.T.C.2
  • 71
    • 0000721997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habituating the great apes: The disease risks
    • Woodford, M.H.; T.M. Butynski & W.B. Karesh. 2002. Habituating the great apes: the disease risks. Oryx 36 (2): 153-160.
    • (2002) Oryx , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-160
    • Woodford, M.H.1    Butynski, T.M.2    Karesh, W.B.3
  • 72
    • 0027808246 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: Population density and day-range as assays of exploitation competition
    • Wrangham, R.W.; J.L. Gittleman & C.A. Chapman. 1993. Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: population density and day-range as assays of exploitation competition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 32 (3): 199-209.
    • (1993) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-209
    • Wrangham, R.W.1    Gittleman, J.L.2    Chapman, C.A.3
  • 73
    • 0036930019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leopard predation and primate evolution
    • Zuberbühler, K. & D. Jenny. 2002. Leopard predation and primate evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 43 (6): 873-886.
    • (2002) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 873-886
    • Zuberbühler, K.1    Jenny, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.