Midlevel ventilation's constraint on tropical cyclone intensity

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 67, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1817-1830

  Tang, Brian ^a   Emanuel, Kerry ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Entropy; Fluxes; Thermodynamics; Tropical cyclones; Wind shear

Indexed keywords

AXISYMMETRY; DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS; EDDY FLUXES; ENTROPY FLUX; EYEWALL; INNER CORE; THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; WIND SHEARS;

ENTROPY; STORMS; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; THERMODYNAMICS; TROPICS; VENTILATION;

HURRICANES;

ENTROPY; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; THERMODYNAMICS; TROPICAL CYCLONE; VENTILATION; VORTICITY; WIND FIELD; WIND SHEAR; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 77955538403     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010JAS3318.1     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bister, M., and K. Emanuel, 1998: Dissipative heating and hurricane intensity. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 65, 233-240.
2. Black, M., J. Gamache, F. Marks, C. Samsury, and H. Willoughby, 2002: Eastern Pacific Hurricanes Jimena of 1991 and Olivia of 1994: The effect of vertical shear on structure and intensity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2291-2312.
3. Bryan, G., and R. Rotunno, 2009: Evaluation of an analytical model for themaximumintensity of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3042-3060.
4. Cram, T., J. Persing, M. Montgomery, and S. Braun, 2007: A Lagrangian trajectory view on transport and mixing processes between the eye, eyewall, and environment using a highresolution simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1835-1856.
5. DeMaria, M., 1996: The effect of vertical shear on tropical cyclone intensity change. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2076-2087.
6. DeMaria, M., and J. Kaplan, 1994: Sea surface temperature and the maximum intensity of Atlantic tropical cyclones. J. Climate, 7, 1324-1334.
7. DeMaria, M., M. Mainelli, L. Shay, J. Knaff, and J. Kaplan, 2005: Further improvements to the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS). Wea. Forecasting, 20, 531-543.
8. Emanuel, K., 1986:Anair-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part I: Steady-state maintenance. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 585-604.
9. Emanuel, K., 1997: Some aspects of hurricane inner-core dynamics and energetics. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1014-1026.
10. Emanuel, K., 2000: A statistical analysis of tropical cyclone intensity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1139-1152.
11. Emanuel, K., 2003: Tropical cyclones.Annu. Rev.EarthPlanet. Sci., 31, 75-104.
12. Emanuel, K., C. DesAutels, C. Holloway, and R. Korty, 2004: Environmental control of tropical cyclone intensity. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 843-858.
13. Emanuel, K., R. Sundararajan, and J. Williams, 2008: Hurricanes and global warming: Results from downscaling IPCC AR4 simulations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 347-367.
14. Frank, W., and E. Ritchie, 2001: Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2249-2269.
15. Holland, G., 1997: The maximum potential intensity of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2519-2541.
16. Jones, S., 1995: The evolution of vortices in vertical shear. I: Initially barotropic vortices. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 821-851.
17. Jordan, C., 1958: Mean soundings for the West Indies area. J. Meteor., 15, 91-97.
18. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
19. Knaff, J., S. Seseske, M. DeMaria, and J. Demuth, 2004: On the influences of vertical wind shear on symmetric tropical cyclone structure derived from AMSU. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2503-2510.
20. Malkus, J., and H. Riehl, 1960: On the dynamics and energy transformations in steady-state hurricanes. Tellus, 12, 1-20.
21. Marin, J., D. Raymond, and G. Raga, 2009: Intensification of tropical cyclones in the GFS model. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1407-1417.
22. Nolan, D., and E. Rappin, 2008: Increased sensitivity of tropical cyclogenesis to wind shear in higher SST environments. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14805, doi:10.1029/2008GL034147.
23. Powell, M., 1990: Boundary layer structure and dynamics in outer hurricane rainbands. Part II: Downdraft modification and mixed layer recovery. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 918-938.
24. Raymond, D., 1995: Regulation of moist convection over the West Pacific warm pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3945-3959.
25. Reasor, P., M. Montgomery, and L. Grasso, 2004:Anew look at the problem of tropical cyclones in vertical shear flow: Vortex resiliency. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 3-22.
26. Riemer, M., M. Montgomery, and M. Nicholls, 2009: A new paradigm for intensity modification of tropical cyclones: Thermodynamic impact of vertical wind shear on the inflow layer. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 10 711-10 775.
27. Rotunno, R., Y. Chen, W. Wang, C. Davis, J. Dudhia, and G. Holland, 2009: Large-eddy simulation of an idealized tropical cyclone. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 1783-1788.
28. Schecter, D., M. Montgomery, and P. Reasor, 2002: A theory for the vertical alignment of a quasigeostrophic vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 150-168.
29. Shelton, K., and J. Molinari, 2009: Life of a six-hour hurricane. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 51-67.
30. Simpson, R., and R. Riehl, 1958: Mid-tropospheric ventilation as a constraint on hurricane development and maintenance. Preprints, Tech. Conf. on Hurricanes, Miami Beach, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., D4-1-D4-10.
31. Smith, R., W. Ulrich, and G. Sneddon, 2000: On the dynamics of hurricane-like vortices in vertical-shear flows. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 2653-2670.
32. Vecchi, G., and B. Soden, 2007: Increased tropical Atlantic wind shear in model projections of global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L08702, doi:10.1029/2006GL028905.
33. Wong, M., and J. Chan, 2004: Tropical cyclone intensity in vertical wind shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1859-1876.
34. Wu, L., and S. Braun, 2004: Effects of environmentally induced asymmetries on hurricane intensity: A numerical study. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 3065-3081.
35. Zeng, Z., Y. Wang, and C. Wu, 2007: Environmental dynamical control of tropical cyclone intensity-An observational study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 38-59.
36. Zeng, Z., Y. Wang, and C. Wu, L. Chen, and Y. Wang, 2008: An observational study of environmental dynamical control of tropical cyclone intensity in the Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3307-3322.