Coronary artery disease in 2010

European Heart Journal, Supplement

Volumn 12, Issue SUPPL. C, 2010, Pages

  Tardif, Jean Claude ^a  

^a MONTREAL HEART INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Angina; Atherosclerosis; Coronary disease; Heart rate; Socioeconomic costs

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANGIOSTATIN; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CHOLESTEROL; CLOPIDOGREL; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; IVABRADINE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; NICORANDIL; NIFEDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; TICLOPIDINE; VERAPAMIL;

ANGINA PECTORIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRONCHOSPASM; CAUSE OF DEATH; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLAUDICATION; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COST OF ILLNESS; DEPRESSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FATIGUE; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HEART PROTECTION; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSOMNIA; LETHARGY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MORTALITY; NIGHTMARE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; REGISTER; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SMOKING CESSATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 77955455925     PISSN: 1520765X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suq014     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Sutcliffe SJ, Fox KF, Wood DA, Sutcliffe A, Stock K, Wright M, Akhras F, Langford E. Incidence of coronary heart disease in a health authority in London: review of a community register. Br Med J 2003;326:20.
2. Jones DW, Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Heiss G, Hutchinson RG, Sharrett AR, Szklo M, Taylor H Jr. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in African Americans: the Atherosclerotic Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1997. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2565-2571.
3. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009;119:e21-e181.
4. Allender S, Peto V, Scarborough P, Boxer A, Rayner M. Coronary Heart Disease Statistics. 2007 ed. London: British Heart Foundation; 2007. UK.
5. WHO. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. www.who.int/ healthinfo/global-burden-disease/2004-report-update/en/index. html.
6. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability From Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Boston, USA: Harvard University Press; 1996.
7. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006;3:e442.
8. Heron MP, Hoyert DL, Xu J, Scott C, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: preliminary data for 2006. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2008;56:1-52.
9. Rea TD, Pearce RM, Raghunathan TE et al. Incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:1455-1460.
10. Allender S, Peto V, Scarborough et al. Coronary Heart Disease Statistics: 2007 edition. London: British Heart Foundation; 2007.
11. Greenland P, Gidding SS, Tracy RP. Commentary: lifelong prevention of atherosclerosis: the critical importance of major risk factor exposures. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1129-1134.
12. Cohn PF, Fox KM. Silent myocardial ischemia. Circulation 2003;108: 1263-1277.
13. Gehi AK, Ali S, Na B, Schiller NB, Whooley MA. Inducible ischemia and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in outpatients with stable coronary heart disease. The Heart and Soul Study. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1423-1428.
14. Norris RM, on behalf of the United Kingdom Heart Attack Study Collaborative Group. Fatality outside hospital from acute coronary events in three British health districts, 1994-1995. Br Med J 1998;316: 1065-1070.
15. Norris RM. Sudden Cardiac Death and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Three British Health Districts: The UK Heart Attack Study. London: British Heart Foundation; 1999. p61-64.
16. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Rajakangas AM, Pajak A. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation 1994;90:583-612.
17. Volmink JA, Newton JN, Hicks NR, Sleight P, Fowler GH, Neil HA. Coronary event and case fatality rates in an English population: results of the Oxford myocardial infarction incidence study. The Oxford Myocardial Infarction Incidence Study Group. Heart 1998;80:40-44.
18. Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PW et al. One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis. J Am Med Assoc 2007; 297:1197-1206.
19. Leal J, Luengo-Fernández R, Gray A, Petersen S, Rayner M. Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in the enlarged European Union. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1610-1619.
20. Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2375-2414.
21. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206-1252.
22. Fraker TD, Fihn SD. Chronic angina focused update of the ACC/AHA 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines writing group to develop the focused update of the 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;23:2264-2274.
23. Fox K, Borer JS, Camm AJ et al. Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:823-830.
24. Aboyans V, Criqui MH. Can we improve cardiovascular risk prediction beyond risk equations in the physicians office? J Clin Epidemiol 2006; 59:547-558.
25. Kannel WB, Kannel CE, Paffenbarger R et al. Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality in the Framingham study. Am Heart J 1987;113: 1489-1494.
26. Jouven X, Empana JP, Escolano S et al. Relation of heart rate at rest and long-term (.20 years) death rate in initially healthy middle-aged men. Am J Cardiol 2009;103:279-283.
27. Hjalmarson A, Gilpin EA, Kjekshus J et al. Influence of heart rate on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1990;65: 547-553.
28. Zuanetti G, Mantini L, Hernandez-Bernal F, Barlera S, di Gregorio D, Latini R, Maggioni AP. Relevance of heart rate as a prognostic factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction: insights from the GISSI-2 study. Eur Heart J 1998;19 (Suppl. F):F19-F26.
29. Diaz A, Bourassa MG, Guertin MC et al. Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2005;26:967-974.
30. Kolloch R, Legler UF, Champion A et al. Impact of resting heart rate on outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR/Trandolapril STudy (INVEST). Eur Heart J 2008;29:1327-1334.
31. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG et al. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:817-821.
32. Andrews TC, Fenton T, Toyosaki N, Glasser SP, Young PM, MacCallum G et al. Subsets of ambulatory myocardial ischemia based on heart rate activity. Circadian distribution and response to antiischemic medication. The Angina and Silent Ischemia Study Group (ASIS). Circulation 1993;88:92-100.
33. Giannoglou GD, Chatzizisis YS, Zamboulis C et al. Elevated heart rate and atherosclerosis: An overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Int J Cardiol 2008;126:302-312.
34. Heidland UE, Strauer BE. Left ventricular muscle mass and elevated heart rate are associated with coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 2001;104:1477-1482.
35. Kjekshus J. Importance of heart rate in determining beta-blocker efficacy in acute and long-term myocardial infarction intervention trials. Am J Cardiol 1986;57:43F-49F.
36. Cucherat M. Quantitative relationship between resting heart rate reduction and magnitude of clinical benefits in post-myocardial infarction: a meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J 2007;28:3012-3019.
37. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG et al. Ivabradine for patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction (Beautiful): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372:807-816.
38. Fox K, Garcia MA, Ardissino D et al. Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: the Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1341-1381.
39. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. Br Med J 2002;324:71-86.
40. Patrono C, Coller B, FitzGerald GA, Hirsh J, Roth G. Platelet-active drugs: the relationships among dose, effectiveness, and side effects: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126:234S-264S.
41. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1998;348:1329-1339.
42. De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: third joint task force of European and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2003;10:S1-S10.
43. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:720-732.
44. No authors listed. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-1389.
45. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:1623-1630.
46. Sangareddi V, Chockalingam A, Gnanavelu G, Subramaniam T, Jagannathan V, Elangovan S. Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification of effort angina: an angiographic correlation. Coron Artery Dis 2004;15:111-114.
47. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22.
48. Fox KM. EUropean trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery Disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003;362: 782-788.
49. Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-153.
50. Braunwald E, Domanski MJ, Fowler SE et al. Angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2058-2068.
51. Faggiotto A, Paoletti R. State-of-the-Art lecture. Statins and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system: vascular protection beyond their primary mode of action. Hypertension 1999;34:987-996.
52. Lonn EM, Yusuf S, Jha P et al. Emerging role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac and vascular protection. Circulation 1994;90:2056-2069.
53. Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003;26(Suppl. 1):S33-S50.
54. Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. I. Treatments following myocardial infarction. J Am Med Assoc 1988;260:2088-2093.
55. Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina- summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). Circulation 2003;107:149-158.
56. DiFrancesco D, Camm JA. Heart rate lowering by specific and selective I(f) current inhibition with ivabradine: a new therapeutic perspective in cardiovascular disease. Drugs 2004;64:1757-1765.
57. Borer JS, Fox K, Jaillon P et al. Antianginal and antiischemic effects of ivabradine, an If inhibitor, in stable angina: a randomized, doubleblind, multicentered, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 2003;107: 817-823.
58. Ruzyllo W, Tendera M, Ford I et al. Antianginal efficacy and safety of ivabradine compared with amlodipine in patients with stable effort angina pectoris: a 3 month randomised, double-blind, multicentre, noninferiority trial. Drugs 2007;67:393-405.
59. Tardif J-C, Ford I, Tendera M et al. Efficacy of ivabradine, a new selective If inhibitor, compared with atenolol in patients with chronic stable angina. Eur Heart J 2005;26:2529-2536.
60. López-Bescós L, Filipova S, Martos R. Long-term safety and efficacy of ivabradine in patients with chronic stable angina. Cardiology 2007; 108:387-396.
61. Tardif JC, Ford I, Tendera M et al. Anti-anginal and anti-ischemic efficacy of the If current inhibitor ivabradine versus atenolol in stable angina. A 4-month randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. Eur Heart J 2005;26:2529-2537.
62. Poole-Wilson PA, Lubsen J, Kirwan BA et al. A Coronary disease Trial Investigating Outcome with Nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system investigators. Effect of long-acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with stable angina requiring treatment (ACTION trial): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364:849-857.
63. IONA Study Group. Effect of nicorandil on coronary events in patients with stable angina: the Impact Of Nicorandil in Angina (IONA) randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:1269-1275.
64. Boden WE, ORourke RA, Teo KK et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2007;356: 1503-1516.
65. Weintraub WS, Spertus JA, Kolm P et al. Effect of PCI on quality of life in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:677-687.
66. The GRACE Investigators. Rationale and design of the GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) project: a multinational registry of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 2001;141:190-199.
67. Daly CA, Clemens F, Sendon JL, Tavazzi L, Boersma E, Danchin N, Delahaye F, Gitt A, Julian D, Mulcahy D, Ruzyllo W, Thygesen K, Verheugt F, Fox KM. The clinical characteristics and investigations planned in patients with stable angina presenting to cardiologists in Europe: from the Euro Heart Survey of Stable Angina. Euro Heart Survey Investigators. Eur Heart J 2005;26:996-1010.
68. Steg GP. Heart rate management in coronary artery desease: the CLARIFY registry. Eur Heart J 2009;11 (Suppl. D):D13-D18.