Differentiation and policy convergence against long odds: Lessons from implementing EU migration policy in Morocco

Mediterranean Politics

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 249-272

  Wunderlich, Daniel ^a  

^a Languages and International Studies at the University of Bath   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONVERGENCE; DIFFERENTIATION; EUROPEAN UNION; FOREIGN POLICY; IMMIGRATION POLICY; IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; POLICY APPROACH;

MOROCCO;

EID: 77955454211     PISSN: 13629395     EISSN: 17439418     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2010.485052     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Amnesty International (2005) Spain/Morocco: the authorities must be held accountable for the violation of migrants' rights, Press Release, 26 December. Available at http://fra.controlarms.org/library/Index/ENGEUR410162005?open&of=ENG -ESP (accessed 10 August 2008).
2. Bardach, E. (1977) The Implementation Game: What Happens after a Bill becomes a Law (Cambridge, MA: MIT).
3. Barrett, S. M. & Fudge, C. (1981) Examining the policy-action relationship, in: S. M. Barrett & C. Fudge (Eds) Policy and Action. Essays on the Implementation of Public Policy (London and New York: Methuen).
4. Belguendouz, A. (2003) Le Maroc non Africain, gendarme de l'Europe? Alerte au projet de loi no. 02-03 à l'émigration et l'immigration irrégulières (Sale: Imprimerie Beni Snassen).
5. Boswell, C. (2008) Evasion, reinterpretation and decoupling: European Commission responses to the 'external dimension' of immigration and asylum, West European Politics, 31, pp. 491-512.
6. Brand, L. A. (2006) Citizens Abroad: Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
7. Carling, J. (2007) Migration control and migrant fatalities at the Spanish-African borders, International Migration Review, 41, pp. 316-343.
8. Cassarino, J. P. (2007) Informalising readmission agreement in the EU neighbourhood, The International Spectator, 42, pp. 179-196.
9. Commission of the European Communities (2001) Maroc. Document de stratégie 2002-06 and Programme indicatif national 2002-04, 6 December.
10. Commission of the European Communities (2003) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Wider Europe - neighbourhood: a new framework for relations with our Eastern and Southern neighbours, COM(2003)104 final, Brussels, 11 March.
11. Commission of the European Communities (2004a) Commission Staff Document. Issues arising from Turkey's membership perspective, SEC(2004)1202, Brussels 6 October.
12. Commission of the European Communities (2004b) The European Neighbourhood Policy, EU/Israel Action Plan.
13. Commission of the European Communities (2004c) The European Neighbourhood Policy, EU/Tunisia Action Plan.
14. Commission of the European Communities (2005a) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Priority actions responding to the challenges of migration: First follow-up to Hampton Court, COM(2005)621 final, Brussels 30 November.
15. Commission of the European Communities (2005b) Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Migration and Development: Some concrete orientations, COM(2005)390 final, Brussels, 1 September.
16. Commission of the European Communities (2005c) The European Neighbourhood Policy, EU/Morocco Action Plan.
17. Commission of the European Communities (2005d) Technical Mission to Morocco: visit to Ceuta and Melilla on illegal immigration. 7-11 October, Memo/05/380.
18. Commission of the European Communities (2006a) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on strengthening the European Neighbourhood Policy. ENP progress report Morocco, SEC(2006)1511/2, Brussels 4 December.
19. Commission of the European Communities (2006b) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. Thematic programme for the co-operation with third countries in the areas of migration and asylum, COM(2006)26final.
20. Commission of the European Communities (2006c) European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument, Algeria, Strategy Paper 2007-13 and National Indicative Programme 2007-10.
21. Commission of the European Communities (2006d) European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument. Syrian Arab Republic, Strategy Paper 2007-13, National Indicative Programme 2007-10.
22. Commission of the European Communities (2006e) The European Neighbourhood Policy, EU/Egypt Action Plan.
23. Commission of the European Communities (2006f) The European Neighbourhood Policy, EU/Lebanon.
24. Commission of the European Communities (2007) European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument, Syrian Arab Republic, Revised National Indicative Programme 2008-10.
25. Commission of the European Communities (2008) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Strengthening the Global Approach to Migration: Increasing Co-ordination, Coherence and Synergies, COM(2008)611/3.
26. Commission of the European Communities (n.d.-a) The European Neighbourhood Policy, EU/Jordan Action Plan.
27. Commission of the European Communities (n.d.-b) The European Neighbourhood Policy, EU/Palestinian Authority Action Plan.
28. Collyer, M. (2006) States of insecurity: consequences of Saharan transit migration, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, Working Paper No. 31, University of Oxford.
29. COREPER (2000) European Union priorities and policy objectives for external relations in the field of justice and home affairs, 7653/00, Brussels, 6 June.
30. Council of the European Union (1992) Presidency Conclusions, European Council, Edinburgh, 11-12 December.
31. Council of the European Union (1999a) Action plan for Morocco, 11426/99.
32. Council of the European Union (1999b) Presidency Conclusions, European Council, Tampere, 15-16 October.
33. Council of the European Union (2000) High Level Working Group on Migration and Asylum - Adoption of the Report to the European Council in Nice, 13993/00 Limite JAI 152 AG 76.
34. Council of the European Union (2002) Presidency Conclusions, European Council, Seville, 21-22 June.
35. Council of the European Union (2003) Council Regulation (EC) No. 343/2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national, 18 February.
36. Council of the European Union (2004) The Hague Programme, Presidency Conclusions, Brussels, 4-5 November.
37. Council of the European Union (2005) Presidency Conclusions, European Council, Brussels, 15-16 December.
38. Council of the European Union (2009) The Stockholm Programme - an open and secure Europe serving and protecting the citizens, Brussels, 2 December.
39. Cremona, M. (2008) EU External Action in the JHA Domain: a legal perspective, EUI working papers Law 2008/24.
40. Dimitrakopoulos, D. & Richardson, J. (2001) Implementing EU public policy, in: J. Richardson (Ed.) European Union. Power and Policy Making (London and New York: Routledge).
41. El País (2005) Entrevista Mohamed VI Rey de Marruecos, Se ha restablecido el respeto mutuo entre EspañayMarruecos,16/1/2005.
42. Elmadmad, K. (2007) La gestion des frontières au Maroc, CARIM research report 2007/04.
43. European Union and Morocco (2008) Document conjoint UE-Maroc sur le renforcement des relations bilatérales, Statut Avancé, 13 October.
44. Friis, L. & Murphy, A. (1999) The European Union and Central and Eastern Europe: governance and boundaries, Journal of Common Market Studies, 37, pp. 211-232.
45. Geddes, A. (2005) Europe's border relationships and international migration relations, Journal of Common Market Studies, 43, pp. 787-806.
46. Hamood, S. (2008) EU-Libya co-operation on migration: a raw deal for refugees and migrants?, Journal of Refugee Studies, 21, pp. 19-42.
47. Hill, M. & Hupe, P. (2002) Implementing Public Policy (London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi: Sage).
48. Knill, C. (2006) Implementation, in: J. Richardson (Ed.) European Union. Power and Policy-Making (Abingdon and New York: Routledge).
49. Lavenex, S. (1999) Safe Third Countries: Extending EU Asylum and Migration Policies to Central and Eastern Europe (Budapest: Central European University Press).
50. Lavenex, S. (2008) A governance perspective on the European Neighbourhood Policy: integration beyond conditionality?, Journal of European Public Policy, 15(6), pp. 938-955.
51. Lavenex, S. & Kunz, R. (2008) The migration-development nexus in EU external relations, European Integration, 30, pp. 439-457.
52. Lavenex, S. & Schimmelfennig, F. (2009) EU rules beyond EU borders: theorizing external governance in European politics, Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6), pp. 791-812.
53. Lavenex, S. & Uçarer, E. (Eds) (2002) Migration and the Externalities of European Integration (Lanham, MD: Lexington).
54. Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb (2002) Le Maroc relance sa coopération avec l'OIM, 19 March, Available at http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?origine=jrn&idr= 110&id=14226 (accessed 7 January 2009).
55. Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb (2003) Lutte contre les réseaux de trafic des êtres humains: Solana loue la création de la Direction de la migration et de la surveillance des frontières, 25 November, Available at http://www.lematin.ma/actualite/journal/articleprint.asp?id=34841 (accessed 6 January 2009).
56. Libya and European Union (2006) Joint conclusions: Libya-EU exploratory discussions, Tripoli 5-6 July, Available at http://www.dellby.ec.europa.eu/en/eu_and_country/issues.htm (accessed 1 November 2009).
57. Lindstrøm, C. (2005) European Union policy on asylum and immigration: addressing the root causes of forced migration: a justice and home affairs policy of freedom, security and justice?, Social Policy and Administration, 39, pp. 587-605.
58. Lutterbeck, D. (2006) Policing migration in the Mediterranean, Mediterranean Politics, 11(1), pp. 59-82.
59. Maghraoui, A. (2001) Political authority in crisis: Mohammed VI's Morocco, Middle East Report, 218, pp. 12-17.
60. McFaul, M. & Cofman Wittes, T. (2008) Morocco's election: the limits of limited reform, Journal of Democracy, 19, pp. 19-33.
61. Nyberg-Sørensen, N., van Hear, N. & Engberg-Pedersen, P. (2002) The migration-development nexus, evidence and policy options. State-of-the-art overview, International Migration, 40, pp. 3-47.
62. Ortuño, J. M. (2005) Migration, asylum and security: the case of Ceuta and Melilla, Challenge working paper, presented at the Challenge: Liberty and Security Conference, Border Challenges in an Enlarged EU, Silema, 9-10 December.
63. Pastore, F. (2007) Europe, migration and development: critical remarks on an emerging policy field, Development, 50, pp. 56-62.
64. Sghir, A. J. (2006) Intervention of the head of the Migration Division, Ministry of Interior, Government of the Kingdom of Morocco, Conference on Migration and Development co-organized by IOM, Belgium with support of the European Union and the World Bank, March 2006. Available at http://www.carim.org/polsoctexts/PS2MOR005_EN.pdf (accessed 17 October 2008).
65. Taylor, P. J. (1994) The state as container: territoriality in the modern world-system, Progress in Human Geography, 18, pp. 151-162.
66. Taylor, S. (2005) From border control to migration management: the case for a paradigm change in the Western response to transborder population movement, Social Policy and Administration, 39, pp. 563-586.
67. The Courier (2008) Observing the positives of migration, Available at http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Observing-the-positives-o.332.0.html (accessed 5 May 2009).
68. Vermeren, P. (2006) Histoire du Maroc depuis l'indépendance (Paris: La Découverte).
69. Zolberg, A. (2005) The archaeology of'remote control', in: A. Fahrmeir, O. Faron & P. Weil (Eds) Migration Control in the North Atlantic World (New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books).