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American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics: 2010 update. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association; 2010.
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Ambulatory medical care utilization estimates for 2007. Hyattsville, Maryland, National center for health statistics
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Natl Health Stat Report
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Schappert, S.M.1
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Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus conference recommendations on heart failure update 2007: Prevention, management during intercurrent illness or acute decompensation, and use of biomarkers
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Arnold JM, Howlett JG, Dorian P, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus conference recommendations on heart failure update 2007: Prevention, management during intercurrent illness or acute decompensation, and use of biomarkers. Can J Cardiol 2007; 23:21-45.
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ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the Adult: Summary article: A report of the American college of cardiology/American Heart association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to update the 2001 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure)
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Hunt SA. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the Adult: Summary article: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to update the 2001 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:e1-e82.
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Heart failure society of America. Executive summary: HFSA 2006 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline
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Heart Failure Society of America. Executive summary: HFSA 2006 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail 2006; 12:10-38.
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Prevention of heart failure: A scientific statement from the American heart association councils on epidemiology and prevention, clinical cardiology, cardiovascular nursing, and high blood pressure research; quality of care and outcomes research interdisciplinary working group; and functional genomics and translational biology interdisciplinary working group
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Schocken DD, Benjamin EJ, Fonarow GC, et al. Prevention of heart failure: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association councils on epidemiology and prevention, clinical cardiology, cardiovascular nursing, and high blood pressure research; quality of care and outcomes research interdisciplinary working group; and functional genomics and translational biology interdisciplinary working group. Circulation 2008; 117:2544-2565.
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Schocken, D.D.1
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Primary prevention of heart failure: What is the evidence?
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Reviews the risk factors and clinical trials that report the efficacy of treating hypertensive, diabetic, and high-risk patients in the prevention of heart failure
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Dupree CS. Primary prevention of heart failure: What is the evidence? Curr Opin Cardiol 2009; 24:142-147. Reviews the risk factors and clinical trials that report the efficacy of treating hypertensive, diabetic, and high-risk patients in the prevention of heart failure.
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Dupree, C.S.1
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Epidemiology of incident heart failure in a contemporary elderly cohort. The health aging and body composition study
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Kalogeropoulos A, Georgiopoulou V, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Epidemiology of incident heart failure in a contemporary elderly cohort. The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:708-715.
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Kalogeropoulos, A.1
Georgiopoulou, V.2
Kritchevsky, S.B.3
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Racial differences in incident heart failure among young Adults
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Bibbins-Domingo K, Pletcher MJ, Lin F, et al. Racial differences in incident heart failure among young Adults. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1179-1190.
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Bibbins-Domingo, K.1
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Lin, F.3
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11
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Relation between modifiable lifestyle factors and lifetime risk of heart failure
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In a cohort of healthy male physicians, adherence to none of healthy lifestyle factors was associated with a 21.2% lifetime risk of heart failure compared with a 10.1% incidence in participants who adhered to at least four factors
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Djousse L, Driver JA, Gaziano JM. Relation between modifiable lifestyle factors and lifetime risk of heart failure. JAMA 2009; 302:394-400. In a cohort of healthy male physicians, adherence to none of healthy lifestyle factors was associated with a 21.2% lifetime risk of heart failure compared with a 10.1% incidence in participants who adhered to at least four factors.
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JAMA
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Djousse, L.1
Driver, J.A.2
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12
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Consistency with the DASH diet and incidence of heart failure
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Healthy women in the Swedish Mammography cohort in the top quartile of adherence to the DASH diet had a 37% lower rate of heart failure after adjustment for multiple factors
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Levitan EB, Wolk A, Mittleman MA. Consistency with the DASH diet and incidence of heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:851-857. Healthy women in the Swedish Mammography cohort in the top quartile of adherence to the DASH diet had a 37% lower rate of heart failure after adjustment for multiple factors.
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Levitan, E.B.1
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13
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Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of 147 randomized trials in the context of expectations fromprospective epidemiological studies
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This meta-analysis demonstrated that drugs other than calcium channel blockers (with the exception of noncardioselective β blockers) reduced the incidence of heart failure by 24% (19-28%)
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Law MR, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of 147 randomized trials in the context of expectations fromprospective epidemiological studies.BMJ2009; 338:b1665. This meta-analysis demonstrated that drugs other than calcium channel blockers (with the exception of noncardioselective β blockers) reduced the incidence of heart failure by 24% (19-28%).
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BMJ
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Law, M.R.1
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Costanzo P, Perrone-Filardi P, PetrettaM, et al. Calcium channel blockers and cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of 175 634 patients. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1136-1151.
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Blood pressure reduction and renin-angiotensin system inhibition for prevention of congestive heart failure: A meta-analysis
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This meta-analysis found that the risk of heart failure decreased by 24% (P<0.001) for each 5mmHg reduction in systolic BP. Over and beyond BP reduction, the protective effect of ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers is greater than that of calcium channel blockers, which were associated with an 18% higher risk of heart failure
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Vedecchia P, Angeli F, Cavallini C, et al. Blood pressure reduction and renin-angiotensin system inhibition for prevention of congestive heart failure: A meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:679-688. This meta-analysis found that the risk of heart failure decreased by 24% (P<0.001) for each 5mmHg reduction in systolic BP. Over and beyond BP reduction, the protective effect of ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers is greater than that of calcium channel blockers, which were associated with an 18% higher risk of heart failure.
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Vedecchia, P.1
Angeli, F.2
Cavallini, C.3
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Arima H, Anderson C, Omae T, et al. Perindopril-based blood pressure lowering reduces major vascular events in Asian and Western participants with cerebrovascular disease: The PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens 2010; 28:395-400.
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