Patterns of tobacco use across rural, urban, and urban-slum populations in a North Indian community

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 245-251

  Gupta, Vivek ^a   Yadav, Kapil ^a   Anand, K ^a  

^a ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

bidi (hand manufactured cigarette); peri urban; rural; Tobacco; urban

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955325643     PISSN: 09700218     EISSN: 19983581     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.66877     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Shimkhada R, Peabody JW. Tobacco control in India. Bull World Health Organ 2003;81:48-52.
2. Ezzati M, Lopez AD. Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000. Lancet 2003;362:847-852
3. Gupta PC, Bhonsle RB, Mehta FS, Pindborg JJ. Mortality experience in relation to tobacco chewing and smoking habits from a 10-year follow-up study in Ernakulam District, Kerala. Int J Epidemiol 1984;13:184-187
4. Gajalakshmi V, Peto R, Kanaka TS, Jha P. Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: Retrospective study of 43000 adult male deaths and 35000 controls. Lancet 2003;362:507-515
5. Gupta PC, Mehta HC. Cohort study of all-cause mortality among tobacco users in Mumbai, India. Bull World Health Organ 2000;78:877-883
6. Jha P, Jacob B, Gajalakshmi V, Gupta PC, Dhingra N, Kumar R, et al. A nationally representative case-control study of smoking and death in India. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1137-1147
7. National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). A note on consumption of tobacco in India: NSS 50th Round, 1993-1994. Sarvekshana 1998 January - March; New Delhi: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Government of India; 1998:76-89.
8. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ORC Macro. 2000. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998-1999: India. Mumbai: IIPS.
9. Srivastava A, Pal H, Dwivedi SN, Pandey A, Pande JN. National Household Survey of drug and alcohol abuse in India (NHSDAA). New Delhi: Report accepted by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India and UN Office for Drug and Crime, Regional Office of South Asia; 2004.
10. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2007. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-2006: India: Volume I. Mumbai: IIPS.
11. Gupta R, Gupta VP, Ahluwalia NS. Educational status, coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors prevalence in a rural population of India. BMJ 1994;309:1332-1336
12. Kutty VR, Balakrishnan KG, Jayasree AK, Thomas J. Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the rural population of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. Int J Cardiol 1993;39:59-70.
13. Dewan BD, Malhotra KC, Gupta SP. Epidemiological study of coronary heart disease in rural community in Haryana. Indian Heart J 1974;26:68-78.
14. Jajoo UN, Kalantri SP, Gupta OP, Jain AP, Gupta K. The prevalence of coronary heart disease in rural population from central India. J Assoc Physicians India 1988;36:689-693
15. Sarvotham SG, Berry JN. Prevalence of coronary heart disease in an urban population in northern India. Circulation 1968;37:939-953
16. Gupta R, Prakash H, Majumdar S, Sharma S, Gupta VP. Prevalence of coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors in an urban population of Rajasthan. Indian Heart J 1995;47:331-338
17. Sinha PR, Gaur SD, Somani PN. Prevalence of coronary heart disease in an urban community of Varanasi. Indian J Community Med 1990;15:82-85
18. Mohan V, Deepa R, Rani SS, Premalatha G Prevalence of coronary artery disease and its relationship to lipids in a selected population in South India: The Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS No. 5). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:682-687
19. Kumar R, Singh MC, Singh MC, Ahlawat SK, Thakur JS, Srivastava A, et al. Urbanization and coronary heart disease: a study of urban-rural differences in northern India. Indian Heart J 2006;58:126-130
20. Anand K, Shah B, Yadav K, Singh R, Mathur P, Paul E, et al. Are the urban poor vulnerable to non-communicable diseases? A survey of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in urban slums of Faridabad. Natl Med J India 2007;20:115-120
21. Agarwal S, Satyavada A, Kaushik S, Kumar R. Urbanization, Urban Poverty and Health of the Urban Poor: Status, Challenges and the Way Forward. Demo Ind 2007;36:121-134
22. Population projections for India and states 2001-2026: Report of the technical group on population projections constituted by the national commission on population. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. New Delhi. Available from: http://gujhealth.gov.in/basicstatastics/pdf/ Projection-Report.pdf. [cited in 2006].
23. National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). Condition of Urban Slums 2002: Salient Features. NSS 58th Round (July 2002 - December 2002). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. New Delhi; 2003.
24. The WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPS) Non-communicable Diseases and Mental Health, WHO/NMH/CCS/03.01 Geneva: World HealthOrganization; 2003.
25. Anand K, Shah B, Gupta V, Khaparde K, Pau E, Menon GR, et al. Risk factors for non-communicable disease in urban Haryana: A study using the STEPS approach. Indian Heart J 2008;60:9-18.
26. Krishnan A, Shah B, Lal V, Paul E, Menon GR, Kapoor SK. Prevalence of risk factors for non- communicable disease in rural Haryana using WHO STEPS approach. Indian J Public Health 2008;52:117-124
27. Ahmad O, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez A, Murray C, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: A new WHO standard. In GPE Discussion Paper Series: no31. World Health Organization; 2000.
28. Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, Thankappan KR, Joshi P, Chaturvedi V, et al. Educational status and cardiovascular risk profile in Indians. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:16263-16268
29. National Sample Survey Organization. NSS Report No. 523: Household Consumer Expenditure in India, 2005-2006. Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi; 2008.
30. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Chaudhry K, Chhabra SK, DSouza GA, Gupta D, et al. Tobacco smoking in India: Prevalence, quit-rates and respiratory morbidity. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2006;48:37-42.
31. Chaudhry K, Prabhakar AK, Prabhakaran PS, Prasad A, Singh K, Singh A. Prevalence of tobacco use in Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh in India. Final report of the study by the Indian Council of Medical Research and the WHO South East Asian Regional Office, New Delhi; 2001. Cross referenced from: Reddy KS, Gupta PC, editors. Report on Tobacco Control in India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. New Delhi: Government of India; 2004.
32. Chhabra SK, Rajpal S, Gupta R. Patterns of smoking in Delhi and comparison of chronic respiratory morbidity among beedi and cigarette smokers. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2001;43:19-26.
33. Gupta PC. Survey of socio-demographic characteristics of tobacco use among 99,598 individuals in Bombay, India using handheld computers. Tob Control 1996;5:114-120
34. Narayan KM, Chadha SL, Hanson RL, Tandon R, Shekhawat S, Fernandes RJ, et al. Prevalence and patterns of smoking in Delhi: Cross sectional study. BMJ 1996;312:1576-1579
35. Reddy KS, Gupta PC, editors. Report on Tobacco Control in India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. New Delhi: Government of India; 2004.
36. Gupta PC, Ray CS. Tobacco, education & health. Indian J Med Res 2007;126:289-299
37. Subramanian SV, Nandy S, Kelly M, Gordon D, Davey Smith G. Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: Cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 national family health survey. BMJ 2004;328:801-806
38. Sinha DN, Gupta PC, Reddy KS, Prasad VM, Rahman K, Warren CW, et al. Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2003 and 2006 data to tobacco control policy in India. J School Health 2008;78:368-373
39. Sushma C, Sharang C. Pan masala advertisements are surrogate for tobacco products. Indian J Cancer 2005;42:94-98
40. Chaudhry S, Chaudhry S, Chaudhry K. Point of sale tobacco advertisements in India. Indian J Cancer 2007;44:131-136
41. Gupta PC, Asma S (eds.) Bidi Smoking and Public Health, New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2008.