Ingroup glorification, moral disengagement, and justice in the context of collective violence

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 36, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1115-1129

  Leidner, Bernhard ^a   Castano, Emanuele ^a   Zaiser, Erica ^b   Giner Sorolla, Roger ^b  

^a NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Collective violence; Ingroup identification; Intergroup relations; Justice; Moral disengagement

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DEHUMANIZATION; EMOTION; FEMALE; GROUP PROCESS; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORALITY; PRISONER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL JUSTICE; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; VIOLENCE; WAR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; DEHUMANIZATION; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; GROUP PROCESSES; HUMANS; IRAQ WAR, 2003 -; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORALS; PRISONERS; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL JUSTICE; UNITED STATES; VIOLENCE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955295857     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167210376391     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Adorno, T.W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D.J., & Sanford R.N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. Oxford, UK: Harpers.
2. Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. Winnipeg, Canada: University of Manitoba Press.
4. Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other authoritarian personality. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 30, pp. 47-92). New York, NY: Academic Press.
5. Ashmore, R.D., Deaux, K., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2004). An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 80-114.
6. Bandura, A. (1990). Selective activation and disengagement of moral control. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 27-46.
7. Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 193-209.
8. Bar-Tal, D. (1990). Causes and consequences of delegitimization: Models of conflict and ethnocentrism. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 65-81.
9. Baughn, C.C., & Yaprak, A. (1996). Economic nationalism: Conceptual and empirical development. Political Psychology, 17, 759-778.
10. Blank, T. (2003). Determinants of national identity in East and West Germany: An empirical comparison of theories on the significance of authoritarianism, anomie, and general self-esteem. Political Psychology, 24, 259-288.
11. Bliuc, A.M., McGarty, C., Reynolds, K., & Muntele, D. (2007). Opinion-based group membership as a predictor of commitment to political action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 19-32.
12. Brehm, J.W. (1956). Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 384-389.
13. Brewer, M. (2001). Ingroup identification and intergroup conflict: When does ingroup love become outgroup hate? In A. D. Ashmore, L. Jussim, & D. Wilder (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (pp. 17-41). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
14. Burris, C.T., Branscombe, N.R., & Jackson, L.M. (2000). For God and country: Religion and the endorsement of national self-stereotypes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 517-527.
15. Castano, E. (2004). European identity: A social psychological perspective. In R. H. Herrmann, T. Risse, & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Transnational identities: Becoming European in the EU (pp. 40-58). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
16. Castano, E. (2008). On the perils of glorifying the in-group: Intergroup violence, in-group glorification, and moral disengagement. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 154-170.
17. Castano, E., & Dechesne, M. (2005). On defeating death: Group reification and social identification as strategies for transcendence. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (pp. 221-255). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
18. Castano, E., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2006). Not quite human: Dehumanization in response to responsibility for intergroup killing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 804-818.
19. Castano, E., & Kofta, M. (2009). Dehumanization: Humanity and its denial. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 695-697.
20. Cehajic, S., Brown, R., & Castano, E. (2008). Forgive and forget? Antecedents and consequences of intergroup forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology, 29, 351-367.
21. Čehajić, S., Brown, R., & Gonzalez, R. (2009). What do I care? Perception of ingroup responsibility and dehumanization as predictors of empathy felt for the victim group. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 715-729.
22. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., & Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
23. Cuddy, A.J.C., Rock, M.S., & Norton, M.I. (2007). Aid in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: Inferences of secondary emotions and intergroup helping. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10, 107-118.
24. DeLuca-McLean, D., & Castano, E. (2009). Infra-humanization of ethnic minorities: The moderating role of ideology. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31, 102-108.
25. Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 410-436.
26. Duckitt, J., Bizumic, B., Krauss, S., & Heled, E. (in press). A tripartite approach to right wing authoritarianism: The authoritarianism-conservatism-traditionalism model. Political Psychology.
27. Duckitt, J., Wagner, C., du Plessis, I., & Birum, I. (2002). The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 75-93.
28. Durkheim, E. (1912). Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse [The elementary forms of religious life]. Paris, France: Alcan.
29. Federico, C.M., Golec, A., & Dial, J.L. (2005). The relationship between the need for closure and support for military action against Iraq: Moderating effects of national attachment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 621-632.
30. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
31. Glasford, D.E., Dovidio, J.F., & Pratto, F. (2009). I continue to feel so good about us: In-group identification and the use of social identity-enhancing strategies to reduce intragroup dissonance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 415-427.
32. Gosling, S.D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O.P. (2004). Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59, 93-104.
33. Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 252-264.
34. Jost, J.T., & Banaji, M.R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1-27.
35. Jost, J.T., Banaji, M.R., & Nosek, B.A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881-920.
36. Kelman, H.C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25-61.
37. Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10, 257-274.
38. Leach, C.W., Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2007). Group virtue: The importance of morality (vs. competence and sociability) in the positive evaluation of in-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 234-249.
39. Leach, C.W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M.L.W., Pennekamp, S.F., Doosje, B., Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 144-165.
40. Leyens, J.-P., Paladino, P.M., Rodriguez-Torres, R., Vaes, J., Demoulin, S., Rodriguez-Perez, A., & Gaunt, R. (2000). The emotional side of prejudice: The attribution of secondary emotions to ingroups and outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 186-197.
41. Lickel, B., Schmader, T., & Spanovic, M. (2007). Group-conscious emotions: The implications of others' wrongdoings for identity and relationships. In J. L. Tracy, R. W. Robins, & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 351-367). New York, NY: Guilford.
42. Marcu, A., Lyons, E., & Hegarty, P. (2007). Dilemmatic human-animal boundaries in Britain and Romania: Post-materialist and materialist dehumanization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 46, 875-893.
43. Opotow, S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 1-20.
44. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L.M., & Malle, B.F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741-763.
45. Pratto, F., Stallworth, L.M., & Conway-Lanz, S. (1998). Social dominance orientation and the ideological legitimization of social policy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1853-1875.
46. Preacher, K.J., & Hayes, A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 36, 717-731.
47. Preacher, K.J., & Hayes, A.F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
48. Reid, S.A., & Hogg, M.A. (2005). Uncertainty reduction, self-enhancement, and ingroup identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 804-817.
49. Riva, G., Teruzzi, T., & Anolli, L. (2003). The use of the Internet in psychology research: Comparison of online and offline questionnaires. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6, 73-80.
50. Roccas, S., Klar, Y., & Liviatan, I. (2006). The paradox of group-based guilt: Modes of national identification, conflict vehemence, and reactions to the ingroup's moral violations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 698-711.
51. Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S., Halevy, N., & Eidelson, R. (2008). Toward a unifying model of identification with groups: Integrating theoretical perspectives. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 280-306.
52. Sellers, R.M., Smith, M.A., Shelton, J.N., Rowley, S.A.J., & Chavous, T.M. (1998). Multidimensional model of racial identity: A reconceptualization of African American racial identity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 18-39.
53. Sidanius, J., Levin, S., Liu, J., & Pratto, F. (2000). Social dominance orientation, anti-egalitarianism and the political psychology of gender: An extension and cross-cultural replication. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 41-67.
54. Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
55. Stanton, J.M. (2006). The Study Response open recruitment method (Tech. Rep. No. 13007). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University, School of Information Studies.
56. Staub, E. (1987). Moral judgment, empathy and other basic processes in altruism. PsycCRITIQUES, 32, 748-749.
57. Staub, E. (1990). Moral exclusion, personal goal theory and extreme destructiveness. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 47-64.
58. Staub, E. (1997). Blind versus constructive patriotism: Moving from embeddedness in the group to critical loyalty and action. In D. Bar-Tal & E. Staub (Eds.), Patriotism: In the lives of individuals and nations (pp. 213-228). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
59. Wakslak, C.J., Jost, J.T., Tyler, T.R., & Chen, E.S. (2007). Moral outrage mediates the dampening effect of system justification on support for redistributive social policies. Psychological Science, 18, 267-274.
60. Wallace, C. (2004). The Study Response Project: A description and evaluation of using standing panels of participants for psychological research (Tech. Rep. No. 13006). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University, School of Information Studies.