Does the addition of fly ash to concrete present a radon hazard?

HB 2006 - Healthy Buildings: Creating a Healthy Indoor Environment for People, Proceedings

Volumn 2, Issue , 2006, Pages 501-506

  Siegel, J A ^a   Juenger, M ^a   Stewart, J ^b  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^b Architectural Engineers Collaborative   (United States)

Author keywords

Concrete; Fly ash; Radon; Residential buildings

Indexed keywords

COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT; FLY ASH CONTENT; LITERATURE REVIEWS; RADON EMISSIONS; RADON-222; RESIDENTIAL BUILDING; SPECIFIC ACTIVITY; STATISTICAL CORRELATION;

BUILDINGS; COAL; CONCRETES; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS; RADIOACTIVE WASTES; RADON; URANIUM;

FLY ASH;

EID: 77955274731     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (29)

1. F. Lagarde, G. Pershagen, G. Akerblom, O. Axelson, U. Baverstam, L. Damber, A. Enflo, M. Svartengren and G. A. Swedjemark. Residential radon and lung cancer in Sweden: Risk analysis accounting for random error in the exposure assessment. Health Physics 72 (1997) 269-276.
2. J. H. Lubin and J. D. Boice. Lung cancer risk from residential radon: Meta-analysis of eight epidemiologic studies. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 89 (1997) 49-57.
3. D. Krewski, J. H. Lubin, J. M. Zielinski, M. Alavanja, V. S. Catalan, R. W. Field, J. B. Klotz, E. G. Letourneau, C. F. Lynch, J. I. Lyon, D. P. Sandler, J. B. Schoenberg, D. J. Steck, J. A. Stolwijk, C. Weinberg and H. B. Wilcox. Residential radon and risk of lung cancer-A combined analysis of 7 north American case-control studies. Epidem. 16 (2005) 137-145.
4. National Research Council. Health Effects of Exposure to Radon: BEIR VI, 1999. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
5. U.S. E.P.A. EPA Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes, 2003. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Washington, DC, (EPA 402-R-03-003).
6. Gadd, M.S., and Borak, T.B. (1994). "Partitioning of 222Rn entry into a structure surrounded by soil." Health Physics, 67(1), 53-59.
7. L. M. M. Roelofs and L. C. Scholten. The Effect of Aging, Humidity, and Fly-Ash Additive on the Radon Exhalation from Concrete. Health Physics 67 (1994) 266-271.
8. E. Stranden, A. K. Kolstad and B. Lind. Radon Exhalation-Moisture and Temperature-Dependence. Health Physics 47 (1984) 480-484.
9. E. Stranden. Assessment of the Radiological Impact of Using Fly-Ash in Cement. Health Physics 44 (1983) 145-153.
10. M. C. Latona, R. D. Neufeld, L. E. Vallejo, D. Brandon, W. Hu and C. Kelly. Leachate and radon production from fly ash autoclaved cellular concrete. ASCE J. Energy Engin. 123 (1997) 55-67.
11. Siotis and A. D. Wrixon. Radiological consequences of the use of fly ash in building materials in Greece. Rad. Prot. Dosim. 7 (1984) 101-105.
12. K. Ulbak, N. Jonassen and K. Baekmark. Radon exhalation from samples of concrete with different porosities and fly-ash additives. Rad. Prot. Dosim. 7 (1984) 45-48.
13. J. G. Ackers, J. F. Denboer, P. Dejong and R. A. Wolschrijn. Radioactivity and Radon Exhalation Rates of Building-Materials in the Netherlands. Sci. Tot. Envir. 45 (1985) 151-156.
14. G. Van der Lugt and L. C. Scholten. Radon emanation from concrete and the influence of using flyash in cement. Sci. Tot. Envr. 45 (1985) 143-150.
15. C. K. Man and H. S. Yeung. The effects of using pulverized fuel ash as partial substitute for cement in concrete. Sci. Tot. Envir. 196 (1997) 171-176.
16. K. Kovler, A. Perevalov, V. Steiner and L. A. Metzger. Radon exhalation of cementitious materials made with coal fly ash: Part 1-scientific background and testing of the cement and fly ash emanation. J. Envir. Rad. 82 (2005) 321-334.
17. W. van Dijk and P. Dejong. Determining the Rn-222 Exhalation Rate of Building-Materials Using Liquid Scintillation-Counting. Health Physics 61 (1991) 501-509.
18. K. N. Yu. Radon emanation from concrete with pulverized fuel ash (PFA). Bldg. Envir. 29 (1994) 545-547.
19. W.W. Nazaroff. and A.V. Nero. Radon and its Decay Products in Indoor Air, 1988. Wiley, New York.
20. International Code Council. International Residential Code 2003, 2003. Thomson Delmar Learning, Clifton Park, NY.
21. P. de Jong, W. van Dijk, J. G. A. van Hulst and R. J. J. van Heijningen. Effect of the composition and production process of concrete on the 222Rn exhalation rate. Envir. Intl. 22 (1996) 287-293.
22. K. N. Yu, E. C. M. Young, M. J. Stokes, M. K. Kwan and R. V. Balendran. Radon emanation from concrete surfaces and the effect of the curing period, pulverized fuel ash (PFA) substitution and age. App. Rad. Isotopes 48 (1997) 1003-1007.
23. K. N. Yu, E. C. M. Young, T. F. Chan, T. Lo and R. V. Balendran. Variation of radon exhalation rates from concrete surfaces of different ages. Bldg. Envir. 31 (1996) 255-257.
24. K. N. Yu, Z. J. Guan, M. J. Stokes and E. C. M. Young. The Assessment of the Natural Radiation-Dose Committed to the Hong-Kong People. J. Envir. Rad. 17 (1992) 31-48.
25. Yu, K.N. Personal communication about concrete tested for articles published in 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1997, 2005.
26. U.S. Bureau of the Census. American Housing Survey, 2001. Washington, D.C.
27. D. M. Murray and D. E. Burmaster. Residential Air Exchange-Rates in the United-States-Empirical and Estimated Parametric Distributions by Season and Climatic Region. Risk Anal. 15 (1995) 459-465.
28. T. F. Gesell. Background Atmospheric Rn-222 Concentrations Outdoors and Indoors-a Review. Health Physics 45 (1983) 289-302.
29. U.S. Green Building Council, LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System V2.1, 2003. Washington, DC.