Characterization and evaluation of fly-ash from co-combustion of lignite and wood pellets for use as cement admixture

Fuel

Volumn 89, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 3042-3050

  Johnson, Andrea ^a   Catalan, Lionel J J ^a   Kinrade, Stephen D ^a  

^a LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biomass co combustion; Cement mortar; Compressive strength; Entrained air; Fly ash

Indexed keywords

A-THERMAL; AIR CONTENT; AIR ENTRAINING AGENTS; AMORPHOUS PHASIS; ASH CONTENTS; BIOMASS CO-COMBUSTION; CALCIUM HYDROXIDES; CEMENT CLINKER; CEMENT MORTAR; CEMENT MORTARS; CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS; COCOMBUSTION; ENTRAINED AIR; FREEZE-THAW CYCLES; LIGNITE COAL; MINOR ELEMENTS; ONTARIO; PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION; PERICLASE; STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT; THERMO-ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS; TOXIC METALS; WOOD PELLET;

BIOMASS; CALCIUM; CEMENTS; COAL INDUSTRY; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; DISSOLUTION; HYDRATED LIME; HYDRATES; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; LIGNITE; METAL RECOVERY; MORTAR; OXIDE MINERALS; PELLETIZING; PLASTER; QUARTZ;

COAL COMBUSTION;

EID: 77955267498     PISSN: 00162361     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.027     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Independent electricity system operator. The Ontario reliability outlook, Toronto, Ontario. Available from: ; December, 2008 [accessed May 2009].
2. Ontario power generation. Sustainable development report. Available from: http://www.opg.com/pdf/sustainable%20development%20reports/sustainable%20. development%20Report%202007.pdf ; 2007 [accessed May 2009].
3. A. Ipatti Peat fly-ash as a supplementary cementing material in concrete Nordic Concrete Res 7 1998 152 166
4. O. Senneca Characterization of meat and bone mill for coal co-firing Fuel 87 2008 3262 3270
5. S. Wang, A. Miller, E. Llamazos, F. Fonseca, and L. Baxter Biomass fly-ash in concrete: mixture proportioning and mechanical properties Fuel 87 3 2008 365 371
6. Canadian industries recycling coal ash. Fly-ash: its origin, applications and the environment. Available from: ; 2002 [accessed May 2009].
7. N. Bouzoubaa, and S. Foo Use of fly-ash and slag in concrete: a best practice guide 2004 Canmet Materials Testing Laboratory Canmet, Ottawa, ON, Canada
8. American society for testing and materials. Concrete and aggregates, vol. 04.02. West Conshohocken, PA, United States, 2003.
9. C 109/C 109M-02 standard test for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in or [50 mm] cube specimens).
10. C 185-02 standard test method for air content of hydraulic cement mortar.
11. C260-06 standard specification for air-entraining admixtures for concrete.
12. C 311-07 standard test methods for sampling and testing fly ash or natural pozzolans for use in Portland-cement concrete.
13. C 618-03 standard specification for coal fly-ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete.
14. C 666/C 666M-03 standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing.
15. C 778-03 standard specification for standard sand.
16. C 1437-01 standard test method for flow of hydraulic cement mortar.
17. F.H. Fouad, C.A. Copham, and J.M. Donovan Evaluation of concrete containing fly ash with high carbon content and/or small amounts of wood 1998 Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL, United States
18. 2 solution: nature of its products Cement Concrete Res 29 1999 37 43
19. T.R. Naik, and R.N. Kraus A new source of pozzolanic material Concrete Int 25 2003 55 62
20. F. Martirena, R.L. Middendorf, M. Day, M. Gehrke, P. Roque, and L. Martinez Rudimentary, low tech incinerators as a means to produce reactive pozzolan out of sugarcane straw Cement Concrete Res 36 2006 1056 1061
21. vom Berg W, Feuerborn HJ. Present situation and perspective of CCP management in Europe. European Coal Combustion Products Association; 2003.
22. A.A.T. Masia, B.J.P. Buhre, R.P. Gupta, and T.F. Wall Use of TMA to predict deposition behaviour of biomass fuels Fuel 86 2007 2446 2456
23. T.G. Bridgeman, L.I. Darvell, J.M. Jones, P.T. Williams, R. Fahmi, and A.V. Bridgewater Influence of particle size on the analytical and chemical properties of two energy crops Fuel 86 2006 60 72
24. P. Grammelis, G. Skodras, and E. Kakaras Effects of co-firing with coal on ash properties, part I: characterization and PSD Fuel 85 2006 2310 2315
25. E.E. Berry Fly-ash for use in concrete, part I - a critical review of the chemical, physical and pozzolanic properties of fly-ash. Canmet report 1976 Minerals Research Program Ottawa, ON, Canada
26. Gaudry D. Personal communication 2008.
27. American coal ash association. Fly ash facts for highway engineers. US Department of Transportation, FHWA-IF-03-019, 2003.
28. Meij R, van den Berg J. Coal fly ash management in Europe: trends, regulations and health and safety aspects. In: International ash utilization symposium. Available from: ; 2001 (accessed September 2008).
29. Berry EE, Malhotra VM. Fly-ash for use in concrete, part II - a critical review of the effects of fly-ash on the properties of concrete. Canmet report. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Minerals Research Program; 1978.
30. S. Mindness, J.F. Young, and D. Darwin Concrete 2nd ed. 2003 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ, United States
31. S. Wang, A. Miller, F. Fonseca, and L. Baxter Biomass fly-ash in concrete: SEM, EDX and ESEM analysis Fuel 87 2008 372 379
32. H.F.W. Taylor Cement chemistry 2nd ed. 1997 Thomas Telford, Heron Quary London, United Kingdom
33. P. Hewlett Lea's chemistry of cement and concrete 4th ed. 1997 Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House Jordan Hill, Oxford, United Kingdom
34. Ghose A, Pratt PL. Studies of the hydration reactions and microstructure of cement-fly-ash paste. In: Diamond S, editor. The conference "effects of fly-ash incorporation in cement and concrete". 1981. p. 82-91.
35. O.E. Manz Coal fly-ash: a retrospective and future look Fuel 78 2 1999 133 136
36. G.W. Washa, and N.H. Withey Strength and durability of concrete containing Chicago fly-ash Proc Am Concrete Inst 49 1953 701 712
37. Lamond JF. Twenty-five years' experience using fly-ash in concrete in: fly-ash. Silica fume, slag and other mineral by-products in concrete, vol. I SP 79. 1983. p. 47-70.
38. Samarin A, Munn RL, Ashby JB. The use of fly-ash in concrete- Australian experience. Fly-ash, silica fume, slag and other mineral by-products in concrete, vol. I SP 79. 1983. p. 143-72.
39. Costa U, Massazza F. Some properties of pozzolanic cements containing fly-ashes. Fly-ash, silica fume, slag and other mineral by-products in concrete, vol. I SP 79. 1983. p. 235-54.
40. E.A. Abdun-Nur Fly-ash in concrete: an evaluation. Bulletin no. 284 1961 Highway Research Board Washington, DC, United States
41. T.J. Pasko, and T.D. Larson Some statistical analysis of the strength and durability of fly-ash concrete Proc ASTM 62 1962 1054 1067
42. S. Wang, and L. Baxter Comprehensive study of biomass fly-ash in concrete: strength, microscopy, kinetics and durability Fuel Process Technol 88 11-12 2007 1165 1170
43. S. Wang, A. Miller, E. Llamazos, F. Fonseca, and L. Baxter Durability of biomass fly-ash concrete: freezing and thawing and rapid chloride permeability tests Fuel 87 2008 359 364
44. K.H. Pedersen, A.D. Jensen, M.S. Skjoth-Rasmussen, and K. Dam-Johansen A review of the interference of carbon containing fly ash with air entrainment in concrete Prog Energy Combust Sci 34 2008 135 154
45. American concrete institute committee 201. Durability of concrete in service, chapter I: freezing and thawing. Proc Am Concrete Inst 1962;59:1771-84.
46. Bloem DL. Effect of fly-ash in concrete. National ready mixed concrete association bulletin 48, 1954.
47. P. Chindaprasirt, N. Buapa, and H.T. Cao Mixed cement containing fly ash for masonry and plastering work Construct Build Mater 19 8 2005 612 618
48. Euclid Chemical Company. Airextra technical data sheet. Available from: (accessed May 2009).
49. American Cube Mold. Unpublished: comparison study. Twinsburgh, OH, United States; 1994.
50. R.C. Brown, and J. Dykstra Systematic errors in the use of loss-on-ignition to measure unburned carbon in fly ash Fuel 74 1995 570 574
51. M.B. Yeheyis, J.Q. Shang, and E.K. Yanful Characterization and environmental evaluation of Atikokan coal fly ash for environmental applications J Environ Eng Sci 7 2008 481 498
52. S. Sushil, and V.S. Batra Analysis of fly ash heavy metal content and disposal in three thermal power plants in India Fuel 85 2006 2676 2679
53. F. Goodarzi Characteristics and composition of fly ash from Canadian coal-fired power plants Fuel 85 2006 1418 1427
54. S. Ghosal, J.L. Ebert, and S.A. Self Chemical composition and size distribution for fly ashes Fuel Process Technol 44 1995 81 94
55. D. Bibby Composition and variation of pulverized fuel ash obtained from the combustion of sub-bituminous coals in New Zealand Fuel 56 1977 427 431
56. L. Ngu, H. Wu, and D. Zhang Characterization of ash cenospheres in fly ash from Australian power stations Energy Fuel 21 2007 3437 3445
57. Wesche K. Fly ash in concrete: properties and performance, 1st ed. London, United Kingdom: E&FN Spoon; 1991. p. 3-24, 42-62, 117-43.
58. Helmuth R. Fly ash in cement and concrete 1st ed. Portland Cement Association; 1987. p.58-64, 80-2.
59. D. Zhang Air entrainment in fresh concrete with pfa Cement Concrete Compos 18 6 1996 409 416
60. Brown PW, Clifton JR, Frohnsdorff G, Berger RL. Limitations to fly-ash use in blended cements. In: Proceedings of the 4th international ash utilization symposium, St. Louis, MO, United States, March 24-25, ERDA MERC/SP-76/4; 1976. p. 518-29.
61. S. Diamond The microstructure of cement paste and concrete - a visual primer Cement Concrete Compos 26 2004 919 933