Toward optimized front-line therapeutic strategies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer-an expert review from the international congress on anti-cancer treatment (ICACT) 2009

Annals of Oncology

Volumn 21, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1579-1584

  Adam, R ^a   Haller, D G ^b   Poston, G ^c   Raoul, J L ^d   Spano, J P ^e   Tabernero, J ^f   van Cutsem, E ^g  

^a INSERM   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL AINTREE   (United Kingdom)

^d CENTRE EUGÈNE MARQUIS   (France)

^e PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^f HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI VALL D HEBRON   (Spain)

^g UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Biologic agents; Biomarkers; Chemotherapy; Metastatic colorectal cancer; Review; Surgery

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CALCIUM; CAPECITABINE; CETUXIMAB; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; FLUOROPYRIMIDINE; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; IRINOTECAN; K RAS PROTEIN; MAGNESIUM; OXALIPLATIN; PANITUMUMAB;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; BLEEDING; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG TARGETING; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIVER RESECTION; METASTASIS POTENTIAL; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NEUROPATHY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 77955254992     PISSN: 09237534     EISSN: 15698041     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq043     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Garcia M, Jemal A, Ward EM et al. Global Cancer Facts and Figures 2007. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society 2007.
2. Tournigand C, André T, Achille E et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22(2): 229-237.
3. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(23): 2335-2342.
4. Saltz LB, Clarke S, Díaz-Rubio E et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(12): 2013-2019.
5. Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ et al. on behalf of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(12): 1539-1544.
6. Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(4): 337-345.
7. Van Cutsem E, Köhne CH, Hitre E et al. Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009; 360(14): 1408-1417.
8. Bokemeyer C, Bondarenko I, Makhson A et al. Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(5): 663-671.
9. Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T et al. An updated analysis of safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin (Ox)/bevacizumab (bev) +/- panitumumab (pmab) for first-line treatment (tx) of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) from a randomized, controlled trial (PACCE). In Proceedings of 2008 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (Abstr 273). Orlando, FL 2008. Abstract available on www.asco.org 10.
10. Koopman M, Antonini NF, Douma J et al. Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370(9582): 135-142.
11. Hochster HS, Hart LL, Ramanathan RK et al. Safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine regimens with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the TREE Study. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(21): 3523-3529.
12. Cassidy J, Clarke S, Díaz-Rubio E et al. Randomized phase III study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(12): 2006-2012.
13. Cassidy J, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E et al. XELOX-1/NO16966, a randomized phase III trial of first-line XELOX compared with FOLFOX4 for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): updated survival and tolerability results. In Proceedings of 2009 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (Abstr 382). San Francisco, CA 2009. Abstract available on www.asco.org.
14. Arkenau HT, Arnold D, Cassidy J et al. Efficacy of oxaliplatin plus capecitabine or infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(36): 5910-5917.
15. Tournigand C, Cervantes A, Figer A et al. OPTIMOX1: a randomized study of FOLFOX4 or FOLFOX7 with oxaliplatin in a stop-and-go fashion in advanced colorectal cancer-a GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24(3): 394-400.
16. Hochster HS, Grothey A, Shpilsky A, Childs BH. Effect of intravenous (IV) calcium and magnesium (Ca/Mg) versus placebo on response to FOLFOX + bevacizumab (BEV) in the CONcePT trial. In Proceedings of 2008 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (Abstr 280). Orlando, FL 2008. Abstract available on www.asco.org 17.
17. André T, Tournigand C, Mineur L et al. Phase II study of an optimized 5-fluorouracil-oxaliplatin strategy (OPTIMOX2) with celecoxib in metastatic colorectal cancer: a GERCOR study. Ann Oncol 2007; 18(1): 77-81.
18. Nikcevich DA, Grothey A, Sloan JA et al. Effect of intravenous calcium and magnesium (IV CaMg) on oxaliplatin-induced sensory neurotoxicity (sNT) in adjuvant colon cancer: results of the phase III placebo-controlled, double-blind NCCTG trial N04C7. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (Suppl): (Abstr 4009).
19. Grothey A, Hart LL, Rowland KM et al. Intermittent oxaliplatin (oxali) administration and time-to-treatment-failure (TTF) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): final results of the phase III CONcePT trial. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (Suppl): (Abstr 4010).
20. Livermetsurvey, an international registry on colorectal liver metastases. www.livermetsurvey.org-updated June 2009.
21. de Haas RJ, Wicherts DA, Flores E et al. R1 resection by necessity for colorectal liver metastases: is it still a contraindication to surgery? Ann Surg 2008; 248(4): 626-637.
22. Giacchetti S, Itzhaki M, Gruia G et al. Long-term survival of patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases following infusional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and surgery. Ann Oncol 1999; 10(6): 663-669.
23. Masi G, Cupini S, Marcucci L et al. Treatment with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan enables surgical resection of metastases in patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13(1): 58-65.
24. Folprecht G, Grothey A, Alberts S et al. Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates. Ann Oncol 2005; 16(8): 1311-1319.
25. Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G et al. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg 2004; 240(4): 644-657;discussion 657-658.
26. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371(9617): 1007-1016.
27. Benoist S, Brouquet A, Penna C et al. Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: does it mean cure? J Clin Oncol 2006; 24(24): 3939-3945.
28. Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M et al. Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 2006; 243(1): 1-7.
29. Normanno N, Tejpar S, Morgillo F et al. Implications for KRAS status and EGFR-targeted therapies in metastatic CRC. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2009; 6(9): 519-527.
30. Stites EC, Trampont PC, Ma Z, Ravichandran KS. Network analysis of oncogenic Ras activation in cancer. Science 2007; 318(5849): 463-467.
31. Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Boige V et al. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(3): 374-379.
32. Benvenuti S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Di Nicolantonio F et al. Oncogenic activation of the RAS/RAF signaling pathway impairs the response of metastatic colorectal cancers to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapies. Cancer Res. 2007; 67(6): 2643-2648.
33. De Roock W, Piessevaux H, De Schutter J et al. KRAS wild-type state predicts survival and is associated to early radiological response in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. Ann Oncol 2008; 19(3): 508-515.
34. Van Cutsem E, Peeters M, Siena S et al. Open-label phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(13): 1658-1664.
35. Jonker DJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS et al. Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(20): 2040-2048.
36. Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(10): 1626-1634.
37. Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ et al. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(17): 1757-1765.
38. Van Cutsem E, Rougier P, Köhne C et al. A meta-analysis of the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies combining cetuximab with chemotherapy (CT) as 1st-line treatment for patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): results according to KRAS and BRAF mutation status. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2009; 7(2): 345 (Abstr P-6077).
39. Lang I, Köhne CH, Folprecht G et al. Cetuximab plus FOLFIRI in 1st-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: quality of life (QoL) analysis of patients (pts) with KRAS wild-type (wt) tumours in the CRYSTAL trial. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2009; 7(2): 345 (Abstr P-6078).
40. Tabernero J, Cervantes A, Rivera F et al. Pharmacogenomic and pharmacoproteomic studies of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer: biomarker analysis of a phase I dose-escalation study. J Clin Oncol 2010 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print].
41. Jacobs B, De Roock W, Piessevaux H et al. Amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNA expression in primary tumors predicts outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(30): 5068-5074.
42. Khambata-Ford S, Garrett CR, Meropol NJ et al. Expression of epiregulin and amphiregulin and K-ras mutation status predict disease control in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(22): 3230-3237.
43. Loupakis F, Pollina L, Stasi I et al. PTEN expression and KRAS mutations on primary tumors and metastases in the prediction of benefit from cetuximab plus irinotecan for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(16): 2622-2629.
44. Perone F, Lampis A, Orsenigo M et al. PI3KCA/PTEN deregulation contributes to impaired responses to cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2009; 20(1): 84-90.
45. Di Nicolantonio F, Martini M, Molinari F et al. Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(35): 5705-5712.
46. Kabbinavar FF, Schulz J, McCleod M et al. Addition of bevacizumab to bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16): 3697-3705.
47. Grothey A, Sugrue MM, Purdie DM et al. Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study (BRiTE). J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(33): 5326-5334.
48. Van Cutsem E, Rivera F, Berry S et al. on behalf of the First BEAT investigators. Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab with FOLFOX, XELOX, FOLFIRI and fluoropyrimidines in metastatic colorectal cancer: the BEAT study. Ann Oncol 2009; 20(11): 1842-1847.
49. Scappaticci FA, Skillings JR, Holden SN et al. Arterial thromboembolic events in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99(16): 1232-1239.
50. Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Hartmann JT. Tumour response and secondary resectability of colorectal liver metastases following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab: the CELIM randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11(1): 38-47.
51. Tejpar S, Van Cutsem E, Adam R. Improved first-line chemotherapy: a better chance for surgery? Lancet Oncol 2010; 11(1): 4-5.
52. Adam R, Aloia T, Lévi F et al. Hepatic resection after rescue cetuximab treatment for colorectal liver metastases previously refractory to conventional systemic therapy. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(29): 4593-4602.
53. Gruenberger B, Tamandl D, Schueller J et al. Bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(11): 1830-1835.
54. Kretzschmar A, Van Cutsem E, Michael M et al. Preliminary efficacy of bevacizumab with first-line FOLFOX, XELOX, FOLFIRI and monotherapy for mCRC: first BEATrial. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(18S) (Suppl): 4072.