메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 136, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 211-226

Female mating failures in insects

Author keywords

Allee effect; Bagworms; Emergence time; Empiricism; Flightlessness; Gynogeny; Paradigms in ecological theory; Parthenogenesis; Population density; Protandry; Psychidae; Wallflower

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE RADIATION; ALLEE EFFECT; BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; DEMOGRAPHY; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; MATING BEHAVIOR; MATING SUCCESS; MIGRATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; OVIPOSITION; PARTHENOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; POPULATION DENSITY; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PROTANDRY; SEX RATIO;

EID: 77955233513     PISSN: 00138703     EISSN: 15707458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.01032.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (137)

References (184)
  • 1
    • 33845575223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociality in theridiid spiders: repeated origins of an evolutionary dead end
    • Agnarsson I, Avilés L, Coddington JA, Maddison WP. Sociality in theridiid spiders: repeated origins of an evolutionary dead end. Evolution 2006, 60:2342-2351.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 2342-2351
    • Agnarsson, I.1    Avilés, L.2    Coddington, J.A.3    Maddison, W.P.4
  • 2
    • 0034930702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using potential reproductive rates to predict mating competition among individuals qualified to mate
    • Ahnesjö I, Kvarnemo C, Merilaita S. Using potential reproductive rates to predict mating competition among individuals qualified to mate. Behavioral Ecology 2001, 12:397-401.
    • (2001) Behavioral Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 397-401
    • Ahnesjö, I.1    Kvarnemo, C.2    Merilaita, S.3
  • 4
    • 56449116076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio and female sexual status of the coconut pest, Oryctes monoceros (Coleoptera: Dynastidae), differ in feeding galleries and pheromone-baited traps
    • Allou K, Morin JP, Kouassi P, N'klo FH, Rochat D. Sex ratio and female sexual status of the coconut pest, Oryctes monoceros (Coleoptera: Dynastidae), differ in feeding galleries and pheromone-baited traps. Bulletin of Entomological Research 2008, 98:581-586.
    • (2008) Bulletin of Entomological Research , vol.98 , pp. 581-586
    • Allou, K.1    Morin, J.P.2    Kouassi, P.3    N'klo, F.H.4    Rochat, D.5
  • 5
    • 38949218399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired escape flight ability in butterflies due to low flight muscle ratio prior to hibernation
    • Almbro M, Kullberg C. Impaired escape flight ability in butterflies due to low flight muscle ratio prior to hibernation. Journal of Experimental Biology 2008, 211:24-28.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.211 , pp. 24-28
    • Almbro, M.1    Kullberg, C.2
  • 6
    • 60049097226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The downfall of mating: the effect of mate-carrying and flight muscle ratio on the escape ability of a pierid butterfly
    • Almbro M, Kullberg C. The downfall of mating: the effect of mate-carrying and flight muscle ratio on the escape ability of a pierid butterfly. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2009, 63:413-420.
    • (2009) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.63 , pp. 413-420
    • Almbro, M.1    Kullberg, C.2
  • 8
    • 0026299370 scopus 로고
    • Measuring selection of a population of damselflies with a manipulated phenotype
    • Anholt BR. Measuring selection of a population of damselflies with a manipulated phenotype. Evolution 1991, 45:1091-1106.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1091-1106
    • Anholt, B.R.1
  • 9
    • 0033830682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of polyandry: multiple mating and female fitness in insects
    • Arnqvist G, Nilsson T. The evolution of polyandry: multiple mating and female fitness in insects. Animal Behaviour 2000, 60:145-164.
    • (2000) Animal Behaviour , vol.60 , pp. 145-164
    • Arnqvist, G.1    Nilsson, T.2
  • 10
    • 34249813421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extraordinary mating system of Zeus bugs (Heteroptera: Veliidae: Phoreticovelia sp.)
    • Arnqvist G, Jones T, Elgar MA. The extraordinary mating system of Zeus bugs (Heteroptera: Veliidae: Phoreticovelia sp.). Australian Journal of Zoology 2007, 55:131-137.
    • (2007) Australian Journal of Zoology , vol.55 , pp. 131-137
    • Arnqvist, G.1    Jones, T.2    Elgar, M.A.3
  • 11
    • 0032322218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natal dispersal and demography of a subsocial Anelosimus species and its implications for the evolution of sociality in spiders
    • Avilés L, Gelsey G. Natal dispersal and demography of a subsocial Anelosimus species and its implications for the evolution of sociality in spiders. Canadian Journal of Zoology 1998, 76:2137-2147.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.76 , pp. 2137-2147
    • Avilés, L.1    Gelsey, G.2
  • 12
    • 16244399191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm influences female hibernation success, survival and fitness in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris
    • Baer B, Schmid-Hempel P. Sperm influences female hibernation success, survival and fitness in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 2005, 272:319-323.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.272 , pp. 319-323
    • Baer, B.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 13
    • 68949205103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential function for oocyte apoptosis in unmated Nauphoeta cinerea
    • Barrett EB, Moore AJ, Moore PJ. A potential function for oocyte apoptosis in unmated Nauphoeta cinerea. Physiological Entomology 2009, 34:272-277.
    • (2009) Physiological Entomology , vol.34 , pp. 272-277
    • Barrett, E.B.1    Moore, A.J.2    Moore, P.J.3
  • 14
    • 0037493153 scopus 로고
    • Some factors affecting population size of the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
    • Barrows EM. Some factors affecting population size of the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). Environmental Entomology 1974, 3:929-932.
    • (1974) Environmental Entomology , vol.3 , pp. 929-932
    • Barrows, E.M.1
  • 15
    • 0026269651 scopus 로고
    • Do protandrous males have increased mating success? The case of Euphydryas editha
    • Baughman JF. Do protandrous males have increased mating success? The case of Euphydryas editha. American Naturalist 1991, 138:536-542.
    • (1991) American Naturalist , vol.138 , pp. 536-542
    • Baughman, J.F.1
  • 17
    • 0036379023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural variation in female mating frequency in a polyandrous butterfly: effects of size and age
    • Bergström J, Wiklund C, Kaitala A. Natural variation in female mating frequency in a polyandrous butterfly: effects of size and age. Animal Behaviour 2002, 64:49-54.
    • (2002) Animal Behaviour , vol.64 , pp. 49-54
    • Bergström, J.1    Wiklund, C.2    Kaitala, A.3
  • 18
    • 4444269038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allee effects, mating systems and the extinction risk in population with two sexes
    • Bessa-Gomes C, Legendre S, Clobert J. Allee effects, mating systems and the extinction risk in population with two sexes. Ecology Letters 2004, 7:802-812.
    • (2004) Ecology Letters , vol.7 , pp. 802-812
    • Bessa-Gomes, C.1    Legendre, S.2    Clobert, J.3
  • 19
    • 0031775333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary genetics and ecology of sperm-dependent parthenogenesis
    • Beukeboom LW, Vrijenhoek RC. Evolutionary genetics and ecology of sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 1998, 11:775-782.
    • (1998) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.11 , pp. 775-782
    • Beukeboom, L.W.1    Vrijenhoek, R.C.2
  • 20
    • 0024250654 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of pseudogamous and sexual planthoppers of the genus Ribautodelphax (Homoptera, Delphacidae)
    • den Bieman CFM. Coexistence of pseudogamous and sexual planthoppers of the genus Ribautodelphax (Homoptera, Delphacidae). Ecological Entomology 1988, 13:383-390.
    • (1988) Ecological Entomology , vol.13 , pp. 383-390
    • den Bieman, C.F.M.1
  • 21
    • 13244255644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transition to social inbred mating systems in spiders: role of inbreeding tolerance in a subsocial predecessor
    • Bilde T, Lubin Y, Smith D, Schneider JM, Maklakov AA. The transition to social inbred mating systems in spiders: role of inbreeding tolerance in a subsocial predecessor. Evolution 2005, 59:160-174.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 160-174
    • Bilde, T.1    Lubin, Y.2    Smith, D.3    Schneider, J.M.4    Maklakov, A.A.5
  • 22
    • 13444287867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness effects from egg to reproduction: bridging the life history transition
    • de Block M, Stoks R. Fitness effects from egg to reproduction: bridging the life history transition. Ecology 2005, 86:185-197.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 185-197
    • de Block, M.1    Stoks, R.2
  • 23
    • 0034853430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of male mate choice in insects: a synthesis of ideas and evidence
    • Bonduriansky R. The evolution of male mate choice in insects: a synthesis of ideas and evidence. Biological Reviews 2001, 76:305-339.
    • (2001) Biological Reviews , vol.76 , pp. 305-339
    • Bonduriansky, R.1
  • 24
    • 0001407763 scopus 로고
    • Protandry in the pine looper, Bupalus piniarius (Lep., Geometridae): an explanatory model
    • Botterweg PF. Protandry in the pine looper, Bupalus piniarius (Lep., Geometridae): an explanatory model. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 1982, 32:169-193.
    • (1982) Netherlands Journal of Zoology , vol.32 , pp. 169-193
    • Botterweg, P.F.1
  • 25
    • 0001035582 scopus 로고
    • Mating frequency in natural populations of skippers and butterflies as determined by spermatophore counts
    • Burns J. Mating frequency in natural populations of skippers and butterflies as determined by spermatophore counts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1968, 61:852-859.
    • (1968) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , vol.61 , pp. 852-859
    • Burns, J.1
  • 26
    • 0023471460 scopus 로고
    • Influence of size and date of emergence on male survival and mating success in a dragonfly, Sympetrum rubicundulum
    • van Buskirk J. Influence of size and date of emergence on male survival and mating success in a dragonfly, Sympetrum rubicundulum. American Midland Naturalist 1987, 118:169-176.
    • (1987) American Midland Naturalist , vol.118 , pp. 169-176
    • van Buskirk, J.1
  • 27
    • 3342883709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lost in time, lonely, and single: reproductive asynchrony and the Allee effect
    • Calabrese JM, Fagan WF. Lost in time, lonely, and single: reproductive asynchrony and the Allee effect. American Naturalist 2004, 164:25-37.
    • (2004) American Naturalist , vol.164 , pp. 25-37
    • Calabrese, J.M.1    Fagan, W.F.2
  • 28
    • 44849105711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive asynchrony in natural butterfly populations and its consequences for female matelessness
    • Calabrese JM, Ries L, Matter SF, Debinski DM, Auckland JN. Reproductive asynchrony in natural butterfly populations and its consequences for female matelessness. Journal of Animal Ecology 2008, 77:746-756.
    • (2008) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 746-756
    • Calabrese, J.M.1    Ries, L.2    Matter, S.F.3    Debinski, D.M.4    Auckland, J.N.5
  • 29
    • 18844388716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating frequency in dispersing potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, and its influence on the design of refugia to manage resistance in Bt transgenic crops
    • Cameron PJ, Wallace AR, Madhusudhan VV, Wigley PJ, Qureshi MS, Walker GP. Mating frequency in dispersing potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, and its influence on the design of refugia to manage resistance in Bt transgenic crops. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2005, 115:323-332.
    • (2005) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.115 , pp. 323-332
    • Cameron, P.J.1    Wallace, A.R.2    Madhusudhan, V.V.3    Wigley, P.J.4    Qureshi, M.S.5    Walker, G.P.6
  • 30
    • 0012668896 scopus 로고
    • Mate location strategies of gypsy moths in dense populations
    • Cardé RT, Hagaman TE. Mate location strategies of gypsy moths in dense populations. Journal of Chemical Ecology 1984, 10:25-31.
    • (1984) Journal of Chemical Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 25-31
    • Cardé, R.T.1    Hagaman, T.E.2
  • 31
    • 0031669095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protandry and female size-fecundity variation in the tropical butterfly Brassolis sophorae
    • Carvalho MC, Queiroz PCD, Ruszczyk A. Protandry and female size-fecundity variation in the tropical butterfly Brassolis sophorae. Oecologia 1998, 116:98-102.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 98-102
    • Carvalho, M.C.1    Queiroz, P.C.D.2    Ruszczyk, A.3
  • 32
    • 0036099150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female mating success and risk of pre-reproductive death in a protandrous grasshopper
    • del Castillo RC, Núñez-Farfán J. Female mating success and risk of pre-reproductive death in a protandrous grasshopper. Oikos 2002, 96:217-224.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.96 , pp. 217-224
    • del Castillo, R.C.1    Núñez-Farfán, J.2
  • 33
    • 85044703567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mate or a meal - pre-gravid behaviour of female Anopheles gambiae from the islands of São Tomé and Principe, West Africa
    • Charlwood JD, Pinto J, Sousa CA, Ferreira C, Petrarca V, Rosario VE. A mate or a meal - pre-gravid behaviour of female Anopheles gambiae from the islands of São Tomé and Principe, West Africa. Malaria Journal 2003, 2:9.
    • (2003) Malaria Journal , vol.2 , pp. 9
    • Charlwood, J.D.1    Pinto, J.2    Sousa, C.A.3    Ferreira, C.4    Petrarca, V.5    Rosario, V.E.6
  • 35
    • 0027331637 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive maturity and mating status of Helicoverpa armigera, H. punctigera and Mythimna convecta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected in tower-mounted light traps in northern New South Wales, Australia
    • Coombs M, del Socorro AP, Fitt GP, Gregg PC. The reproductive maturity and mating status of Helicoverpa armigera, H. punctigera and Mythimna convecta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected in tower-mounted light traps in northern New South Wales, Australia. Bulletin of Entomological Research 1993, 83:529-534.
    • (1993) Bulletin of Entomological Research , vol.83 , pp. 529-534
    • Coombs, M.1    del Socorro, A.P.2    Fitt, G.P.3    Gregg, P.C.4
  • 36
    • 33750915054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and escape strategy in the grasshopper Sissosteira carolina
    • Cooper WE. Risk factors and escape strategy in the grasshopper Sissosteira carolina. Behaviour 2006, 143:1201-1218.
    • (2006) Behaviour , vol.143 , pp. 1201-1218
    • Cooper, W.E.1
  • 37
    • 0027084115 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent mating success and colour polymorphism in females of the damselfly Ischnura graellsii (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
    • Cordero A. Density-dependent mating success and colour polymorphism in females of the damselfly Ischnura graellsii (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Journal of Animal Ecology 1992, 61:769-780.
    • (1992) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 769-780
    • Cordero, A.1
  • 38
    • 1842765610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultimate extinction of the promiscuous bisexual Galton-Watson metapopulations
    • Cornell SJ, Isham VS. Ultimate extinction of the promiscuous bisexual Galton-Watson metapopulations. Australian New Zealand Journal of Statistics 2004, 46:87-98.
    • (2004) Australian New Zealand Journal of Statistics , vol.46 , pp. 87-98
    • Cornell, S.J.1    Isham, V.S.2
  • 39
    • 13744259840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in mate choice of Photinus ignitus fireflies
    • Cratsley CK, Lewis SM. Seasonal variation in mate choice of Photinus ignitus fireflies. Ethology 2005, 111:89-100.
    • (2005) Ethology , vol.111 , pp. 89-100
    • Cratsley, C.K.1    Lewis, S.M.2
  • 40
    • 58249100055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement, colonization, and establishment success of a planthopper of prairie potholes, Delphacodes scolochloa (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
    • Cronin JT. Movement, colonization, and establishment success of a planthopper of prairie potholes, Delphacodes scolochloa (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Ecological Entomology 2009, 34:114-124.
    • (2009) Ecological Entomology , vol.34 , pp. 114-124
    • Cronin, J.T.1
  • 41
    • 0028165235 scopus 로고
    • Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly: influence of emergence time and host-plant phenology
    • Cushman JH, Boggs CL, Weiss SB, Murphy DD, Murphy AW. Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly: influence of emergence time and host-plant phenology. Oecologia 1994, 99:194-200.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.99 , pp. 194-200
    • Cushman, J.H.1    Boggs, C.L.2    Weiss, S.B.3    Murphy, D.D.4    Murphy, A.W.5
  • 42
    • 51249162213 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of dispersal polymorphism in insects: the influence of habitats, host plants, and mates
    • Denno RF. The evolution of dispersal polymorphism in insects: the influence of habitats, host plants, and mates. Research in Population Ecology 1994, 36:127-135.
    • (1994) Research in Population Ecology , vol.36 , pp. 127-135
    • Denno, R.F.1
  • 43
    • 0038311615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of wing color: male mate choice opposes adaptive wing color divergence in Colias butterflies
    • Ellers J, Boggs CL. The evolution of wing color: male mate choice opposes adaptive wing color divergence in Colias butterflies. Evolution 2003, 57:1100-1106.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 1100-1106
    • Ellers, J.1    Boggs, C.L.2
  • 44
    • 0000997138 scopus 로고
    • Mating frequency of the female European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Southwestern Ontario
    • Elliott WM. Mating frequency of the female European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Southwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist 1977, 109:117-122.
    • (1977) Canadian Entomologist , vol.109 , pp. 117-122
    • Elliott, W.M.1
  • 45
    • 33750909632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size, age, and disease influence female reproductive performance in Choristoneura conflictana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    • Evenden ML, Lopez MS, Keddie BA. Body size, age, and disease influence female reproductive performance in Choristoneura conflictana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 2006, 99:837-844.
    • (2006) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.99 , pp. 837-844
    • Evenden, M.L.1    Lopez, M.S.2    Keddie, B.A.3
  • 46
    • 0020457467 scopus 로고
    • Why do males emerge before females? Protandry as a mating strategy in male and female butterflies
    • Fagerström T, Wiklund C. Why do males emerge before females? Protandry as a mating strategy in male and female butterflies. Oecologia 1982, 52:164-166.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.52 , pp. 164-166
    • Fagerström, T.1    Wiklund, C.2
  • 48
    • 38449095296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invading parasitoids suffer no Allee effect: a manipulative field experiment
    • Fauvergue X, Malausa JC, Giuge L, Courchamp F. Invading parasitoids suffer no Allee effect: a manipulative field experiment. Ecology 2007, 88:2392-2403.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 2392-2403
    • Fauvergue, X.1    Malausa, J.C.2    Giuge, L.3    Courchamp, F.4
  • 49
    • 0035005780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpredictable offspring survivorship in the damselfly, Megaloprepus coerulatus, shapes parental behaviour, constrains sexual selection, and challenges traditional fitness estimates
    • Fincke O, Hadrys H. Unpredictable offspring survivorship in the damselfly, Megaloprepus coerulatus, shapes parental behaviour, constrains sexual selection, and challenges traditional fitness estimates. Evolution 2001, 55:762-772.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 762-772
    • Fincke, O.1    Hadrys, H.2
  • 50
    • 35348961468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of reproduction and a survival cost to mating in female Bicyclus anynana butterflies
    • Fischer K. Control of reproduction and a survival cost to mating in female Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Ecological Entomology 2007, 32:674-681.
    • (2007) Ecological Entomology , vol.32 , pp. 674-681
    • Fischer, K.1
  • 51
    • 34547699199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation-dependent female choice: behavioral polyphenism in a bivoltine butterfly
    • Friberg M, Wiklund C. Generation-dependent female choice: behavioral polyphenism in a bivoltine butterfly. Behavioral Ecology 2007, 18:758-763.
    • (2007) Behavioral Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 758-763
    • Friberg, M.1    Wiklund, C.2
  • 52
    • 0033845271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Courtship role reversal and deceptive signals in the long-tailed dance fly, Rhamphomyia longicauda
    • Funk DH, Tallamy DW. Courtship role reversal and deceptive signals in the long-tailed dance fly, Rhamphomyia longicauda. Animal Behaviour 2000, 59:411-421.
    • (2000) Animal Behaviour , vol.59 , pp. 411-421
    • Funk, D.H.1    Tallamy, D.W.2
  • 53
    • 0033592564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin competition, the cost of inbreeding and the evolution of dispersal
    • Gandon S. Kin competition, the cost of inbreeding and the evolution of dispersal. Journal of Theoretical Biology 1999, 200:345-364.
    • (1999) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.200 , pp. 345-364
    • Gandon, S.1
  • 54
    • 67349221179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerously few liaisons: a review of mate-finding Allee effects
    • Gascoigne J, Berec L, Gregory S, Courchamp F. Dangerously few liaisons: a review of mate-finding Allee effects. Population Ecology 2009, 51:355-372.
    • (2009) Population Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 355-372
    • Gascoigne, J.1    Berec, L.2    Gregory, S.3    Courchamp, F.4
  • 56
    • 0027020028 scopus 로고
    • Phenology and reproductive status of adult redbacked cutworms, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in southern Manitoba
    • Gerber GH, Walkof J. Phenology and reproductive status of adult redbacked cutworms, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in southern Manitoba. Canadian Entomologist 1992, 124:541-551.
    • (1992) Canadian Entomologist , vol.124 , pp. 541-551
    • Gerber, G.H.1    Walkof, J.2
  • 57
    • 0000587053 scopus 로고
    • Sex and parthenogenesis in sparse populations
    • Gerritsen J. Sex and parthenogenesis in sparse populations. American Naturalist 1980, 115:718-742.
    • (1980) American Naturalist , vol.115 , pp. 718-742
    • Gerritsen, J.1
  • 58
    • 0033795129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating frequency in wild females of Copitarsia consueta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Gómez VRC, Tovar JC, Nápoles JR, Lavin MC. Mating frequency in wild females of Copitarsia consueta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Florida Entomologist 2000, 83:374-376.
    • (2000) Florida Entomologist , vol.83 , pp. 374-376
    • Gómez, V.R.C.1    Tovar, J.C.2    Nápoles, J.R.3    Lavin, M.C.4
  • 59
    • 0033035466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating system evolution in response to search costs in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria
    • Gotthard K, Nylin S, Wiklund C. Mating system evolution in response to search costs in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 1999, 45:424-429.
    • (1999) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.45 , pp. 424-429
    • Gotthard, K.1    Nylin, S.2    Wiklund, C.3
  • 61
    • 40349106489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual conflicts over nuptial gifts in insects
    • Gwynne DT. Sexual conflicts over nuptial gifts in insects. Annual Review of Entomology 2008, 53:83-101.
    • (2008) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.53 , pp. 83-101
    • Gwynne, D.T.1
  • 62
    • 49849099106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male mating constraints affect mutual mate choice: prudent male courting and sperm-limited females
    • Hardling R, Gosden T, Aguilee R. Male mating constraints affect mutual mate choice: prudent male courting and sperm-limited females. American Naturalist 2008, 172:259-271.
    • (2008) American Naturalist , vol.172 , pp. 259-271
    • Hardling, R.1    Gosden, T.2    Aguilee, R.3
  • 63
    • 0025628209 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the frequency of constrained sex allocation in field populations of Hymenoptera
    • Hardy ICW, Godfray HCJ. Estimating the frequency of constrained sex allocation in field populations of Hymenoptera. Behaviour 1990, 114:137-147.
    • (1990) Behaviour , vol.114 , pp. 137-147
    • Hardy, I.C.W.1    Godfray, H.C.J.2
  • 64
    • 0344961642 scopus 로고
    • Variation in population sex ratio and mating success of asexual lineages of Alsophila pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
    • Harshman LG, Futuyma DJ. Variation in population sex ratio and mating success of asexual lineages of Alsophila pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1985, 78:456-458.
    • (1985) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.78 , pp. 456-458
    • Harshman, L.G.1    Futuyma, D.J.2
  • 65
    • 0033965807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of season length and development time alters size at maturity
    • Higgins L. The interaction of season length and development time alters size at maturity. Oecologia 2000, 122:51-59.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.122 , pp. 51-59
    • Higgins, L.1
  • 66
    • 8144227181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of sex-biased dispersal by pre-dispersal copulation and fluctuating environment
    • Hirota T. The evolution of sex-biased dispersal by pre-dispersal copulation and fluctuating environment. Journal of Animal Ecology 2004, 73:1115-1120.
    • (2004) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1115-1120
    • Hirota, T.1
  • 67
    • 0027524321 scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific variation in body size and fecundity in insects: a general relationship
    • Honek A. Intraspecific variation in body size and fecundity in insects: a general relationship. Oikos 1993, 66:483-492.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 483-492
    • Honek, A.1
  • 68
    • 0000336101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of protogynous and protandrous development in the pre-imaginal stage of insect development: an overview
    • Honek A. Incidence of protogynous and protandrous development in the pre-imaginal stage of insect development: an overview. Acta Societas Zoologicae Bohemicae 1997, 61:113-128.
    • (1997) Acta Societas Zoologicae Bohemicae , vol.61 , pp. 113-128
    • Honek, A.1
  • 69
    • 0027332617 scopus 로고
    • Mate finding, dispersal, number released, and the success of biological control introductions
    • Hopper KR, Roush RT. Mate finding, dispersal, number released, and the success of biological control introductions. Ecological Entomology 1993, 18:321-331.
    • (1993) Ecological Entomology , vol.18 , pp. 321-331
    • Hopper, K.R.1    Roush, R.T.2
  • 70
    • 8444242888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in adult density and female mating status of the rice leaf roller Cnapholocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in paddy fields of Southern Kyushu, Japan
    • Inoue H, Kamiwada H, Fukamachi S. Seasonal changes in adult density and female mating status of the rice leaf roller Cnapholocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in paddy fields of Southern Kyushu, Japan. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2004, 48:177-183.
    • (2004) Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology , vol.48 , pp. 177-183
    • Inoue, H.1    Kamiwada, H.2    Fukamachi, S.3
  • 71
    • 0036735715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread 'hilltopping' in Acrea butterflies and the origin of sex-role-reversed swarming in Acraea encedon and A. encedana
    • Jiggins FM. Widespread 'hilltopping' in Acrea butterflies and the origin of sex-role-reversed swarming in Acraea encedon and A. encedana. African Journal of Ecology 2002, 40:228-231.
    • (2002) African Journal of Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 228-231
    • Jiggins, F.M.1
  • 73
    • 46849112441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of delayed mating on reproductive biology of codling moth and obliquebanded leafroller
    • Jones VP, Wiman NG, Brunner JF. Comparison of delayed mating on reproductive biology of codling moth and obliquebanded leafroller. Environmental Entomology 2008, 37:679-685.
    • (2008) Environmental Entomology , vol.37 , pp. 679-685
    • Jones, V.P.1    Wiman, N.G.2    Brunner, J.F.3
  • 75
    • 0042412114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling mating success of saproxylic beetles in relation to search behaviour, population density and substrate abundance
    • Jonsson M, Kindvall O, Jonsell M, Nordlander G. Modelling mating success of saproxylic beetles in relation to search behaviour, population density and substrate abundance. Animal Behaviour 2003, 65:1069-1076.
    • (2003) Animal Behaviour , vol.65 , pp. 1069-1076
    • Jonsson, M.1    Kindvall, O.2    Jonsell, M.3    Nordlander, G.4
  • 77
    • 33847402238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gluttony and sex in female ixodid ticks: how do they compare to other blood-sucking arthropods?
    • Kaufman WR. Gluttony and sex in female ixodid ticks: how do they compare to other blood-sucking arthropods? Journal of Insect Physiology 2007, 53:264-273.
    • (2007) Journal of Insect Physiology , vol.53 , pp. 264-273
    • Kaufman, W.R.1
  • 78
    • 0031976919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Shin-Etsu twist-tie rope dispensers by the mating table technique for disrupting mating of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
    • Kehat M, Anshelevich L, Gordon D, Harel M, Dunkelblum E. Evaluation of Shin-Etsu twist-tie rope dispensers by the mating table technique for disrupting mating of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 1998, 88:141-148.
    • (1998) Bulletin of Entomological Research , vol.88 , pp. 141-148
    • Kehat, M.1    Anshelevich, L.2    Gordon, D.3    Harel, M.4    Dunkelblum, E.5
  • 79
    • 0035117132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allee effects, invasion pinning, and species' border
    • Keitt TH, Lewis MA, Holt RD. Allee effects, invasion pinning, and species' border. American Naturalist 2001, 157:203-216.
    • (2001) American Naturalist , vol.157 , pp. 203-216
    • Keitt, T.H.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Holt, R.D.3
  • 80
    • 33845656870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male mating bias and its potential reproductive consequence in the butterfly Colias eurytheme
    • Kemp DJ, Macedonia JM. Male mating bias and its potential reproductive consequence in the butterfly Colias eurytheme. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2007, 61:415-422.
    • (2007) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.61 , pp. 415-422
    • Kemp, D.J.1    Macedonia, J.M.2
  • 81
    • 0031921430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual mobility prevents an Allee effect in sparse populations of the bush cricket Metrioptera roeseli: an experimental study
    • Kindvall O, Vessby K, Berggren A, Harman G. Individual mobility prevents an Allee effect in sparse populations of the bush cricket Metrioptera roeseli: an experimental study. Oikos 1998, 81:449-457.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.81 , pp. 449-457
    • Kindvall, O.1    Vessby, K.2    Berggren, T.3    Harman, G.4
  • 82
    • 0028983722 scopus 로고
    • Male periodicity and the timing of mating in the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): influences of population density and temperature
    • Kipp LR, Lonergan GC, Bell WJ. Male periodicity and the timing of mating in the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): influences of population density and temperature. Environmental Entomology 1995, 24:1150-1159.
    • (1995) Environmental Entomology , vol.24 , pp. 1150-1159
    • Kipp, L.R.1    Lonergan, G.C.2    Bell, W.J.3
  • 83
    • 0025601315 scopus 로고
    • Sperm is a limiting resource in the pseudogamous bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Scolytidae)
    • Kirkendall LR. Sperm is a limiting resource in the pseudogamous bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Scolytidae). Oikos 1990, 57:80-87.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.57 , pp. 80-87
    • Kirkendall, L.R.1
  • 84
    • 0028975361 scopus 로고
    • Protandry in Aedes sierrensis: the significance of temporal variation in female fecundity
    • Kleckner CA, Hawley WA, Bradshaw WE, Holzapfel CM, Fisher IJ. Protandry in Aedes sierrensis: the significance of temporal variation in female fecundity. Ecology 1995, 76:1242-1250.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1242-1250
    • Kleckner, C.A.1    Hawley, W.A.2    Bradshaw, W.E.3    Holzapfel, C.M.4    Fisher, I.J.5
  • 85
    • 33750209608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the mating status of female codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in orchards treated with sex pheromone using traps baited with ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate
    • Knight AL. Assessing the mating status of female codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in orchards treated with sex pheromone using traps baited with ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate. Environmental Entomology 2006, 35:894-900.
    • (2006) Environmental Entomology , vol.35 , pp. 894-900
    • Knight, A.L.1
  • 86
    • 70350167737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-winter copulation enhances overwintering success of Orius females (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)
    • Kobayashi T, Osakabe M. Pre-winter copulation enhances overwintering success of Orius females (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 2009, 44:47-52.
    • (2009) Applied Entomology and Zoology , vol.44 , pp. 47-52
    • Kobayashi, T.1    Osakabe, M.2
  • 87
    • 42149146890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female mating frequency in a wild population of scorpionflies (Panorpa germanica, Panorpidae, Mecoptera)
    • Kock D, Sauer KP. Female mating frequency in a wild population of scorpionflies (Panorpa germanica, Panorpidae, Mecoptera). Journal of Zoology and Systematics Evolutionary Research 2008, 46:137-142.
    • (2008) Journal of Zoology and Systematics Evolutionary Research , vol.46 , pp. 137-142
    • Kock, D.1    Sauer, K.P.2
  • 88
    • 25644456111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection when fertilization is not guaranteed
    • Kokko H, Mappes J. Sexual selection when fertilization is not guaranteed. Evolution 2005, 59:1876-1885.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 1876-1885
    • Kokko, H.1    Mappes, J.2
  • 89
    • 33646379145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lonely hearths or sex in the city? Density-dependent effects in mating systems
    • Kokko H, Rankin DJ. Lonely hearths or sex in the city? Density-dependent effects in mating systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 2006, 361:319-334.
    • (2006) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.361 , pp. 319-334
    • Kokko, H.1    Rankin, D.J.2
  • 90
    • 0035682009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social biology and sex ratios in the gall-inducing thrips, Oncothrips waterhousei and Oncothrips habrus
    • Kranz BD, Chapman TW, Crespi BJ, Schwarz MP. Social biology and sex ratios in the gall-inducing thrips, Oncothrips waterhousei and Oncothrips habrus. Insectes Sociaux 2001, 48:315-323.
    • (2001) Insectes Sociaux , vol.48 , pp. 315-323
    • Kranz, B.D.1    Chapman, T.W.2    Crespi, B.J.3    Schwarz, M.P.4
  • 91
    • 61849152787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female mating status does not affect male mating behaviour in the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus
    • Kumano N, Haraguchi D, Kohama T. Female mating status does not affect male mating behaviour in the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2009, 131:39-45.
    • (2009) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.131 , pp. 39-45
    • Kumano, N.1    Haraguchi, D.2    Kohama, T.3
  • 92
    • 0031868821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allee effect and population dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
    • Kuussaari M, Saccheri I, Camara M, Hanski I. Allee effect and population dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. Oikos 1998, 82:384-392.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.82 , pp. 384-392
    • Kuussaari, M.1    Saccheri, I.2    Camara, M.3    Hanski, I.4
  • 93
    • 0034725675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques used to determine the mating behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in relation to host plants
    • Kvedaras OL, Gregg PC, del Socorro AP. Techniques used to determine the mating behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in relation to host plants. Australian Journal of Entomology 2000, 39:188-194.
    • (2000) Australian Journal of Entomology , vol.39 , pp. 188-194
    • Kvedaras, O.L.1    Gregg, P.C.2    del Socorro, A.P.3
  • 94
    • 33846825678 scopus 로고
    • Mating frequency of female navel orangeworm moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and patterns of oviposition with and without mating
    • Landolt PJ, Curtis CE. Mating frequency of female navel orangeworm moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and patterns of oviposition with and without mating. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 1991, 64:414-420.
    • (1991) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , vol.64 , pp. 414-420
    • Landolt, P.J.1    Curtis, C.E.2
  • 95
    • 36849093935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field attraction of codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to apple and pear fruit, and quantification of kairomone from attractive fruits
    • Landolt PJ, Guédot C. Field attraction of codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to apple and pear fruit, and quantification of kairomone from attractive fruits. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 2008, 101:675-681.
    • (2008) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.101 , pp. 675-681
    • Landolt, P.J.1    Guédot, C.2
  • 96
    • 0034488453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors driving extreme sexual size dimorphism of a sit-and-wait predator under low density
    • Legrand RS, Morse DH. Factors driving extreme sexual size dimorphism of a sit-and-wait predator under low density. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2000, 71:643-664.
    • (2000) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.71 , pp. 643-664
    • Legrand, R.S.1    Morse, D.H.2
  • 97
    • 0345149504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding avoidance through kin recognition: choosy females boost male dispersal
    • Lehman L, Perrin N. Inbreeding avoidance through kin recognition: choosy females boost male dispersal. American Naturalist 2003, 162:638-652.
    • (2003) American Naturalist , vol.162 , pp. 638-652
    • Lehman, L.1    Perrin, N.2
  • 98
    • 33845904401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female pheromonal chorusing in an arctiid moth, Utetheisa ornatrix
    • Lim H, Greenfield MD. Female pheromonal chorusing in an arctiid moth, Utetheisa ornatrix. Behavioral Ecology 2006, 18:165-173.
    • (2006) Behavioral Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 165-173
    • Lim, H.1    Greenfield, M.D.2
  • 99
    • 0030302009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mate discrimination in a pseudogamous bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): male Ips acuminatus prefer sexual to clonal females
    • Loyning MK, Kirkendall LR. Mate discrimination in a pseudogamous bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): male Ips acuminatus prefer sexual to clonal females. Oikos 1996, 77:336-344.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.77 , pp. 336-344
    • Loyning, M.K.1    Kirkendall, L.R.2
  • 100
    • 51849085551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of age and relatedness on mating patterns in thornbug treehoppers: inbreeding avoidance or inbreeding tolerance?
    • de Luca PA, Cocroft RB. The effects of age and relatedness on mating patterns in thornbug treehoppers: inbreeding avoidance or inbreeding tolerance? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2008, 62:1869-1875.
    • (2008) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.62 , pp. 1869-1875
    • de Luca, P.A.1    Cocroft, R.B.2
  • 101
    • 0002143987 scopus 로고
    • Differential mating success of virgin female katydids Requena verticalis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
    • Lynam AJ, Morris S, Gwynne TD. Differential mating success of virgin female katydids Requena verticalis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 1992, 5:51-59.
    • (1992) Journal of Insect Behavior , vol.5 , pp. 51-59
    • Lynam, A.J.1    Morris, S.2    Gwynne, T.D.3
  • 102
    • 34548405054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of age at mating on female life-history traits in a seed beetle
    • Maklakov AA, Kremer N, Arnqvist G. The effects of age at mating on female life-history traits in a seed beetle. Behavioral Ecology 2007, 18:551-555.
    • (2007) Behavioral Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 551-555
    • Maklakov, A.A.1    Kremer, N.2    Arnqvist, G.3
  • 103
    • 84990807987 scopus 로고
    • Female-biased sex ratios in the neotropical treehopper Umbonia ataliba (Homoptera: Membracidae)
    • Masters KL, Masters AR, Forsyth A. Female-biased sex ratios in the neotropical treehopper Umbonia ataliba (Homoptera: Membracidae). Ethology 1994, 96:353-366.
    • (1994) Ethology , vol.96 , pp. 353-366
    • Masters, K.L.1    Masters, A.R.2    Forsyth, A.3
  • 104
    • 0027044910 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the mating plug in Atrophaneura alcinous (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
    • Matsumoto K, Suzuki N. Effectiveness of the mating plug in Atrophaneura alcinous (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 1992, 30:157-163.
    • (1992) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.30 , pp. 157-163
    • Matsumoto, K.1    Suzuki, N.2
  • 105
    • 72649084849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female asynchrony may drive disruptive sexual selection on male mating phenotypes in a Heliconius butterfly
    • Mendoza-Cuenca L, Maćias-Ordóñez R. Female asynchrony may drive disruptive sexual selection on male mating phenotypes in a Heliconius butterfly. Behavioral Ecology 2009, 21:144-152.
    • (2009) Behavioral Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 144-152
    • Mendoza-Cuenca, L.1    Maćias-Ordóñez, R.2
  • 106
  • 107
    • 0035193617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protandrous arrival timing to breeding areas: a review
    • Morbey YE, Ydenberg RC. Protandrous arrival timing to breeding areas: a review. Ecology Letters 2001, 4:663-673.
    • (2001) Ecology Letters , vol.4 , pp. 663-673
    • Morbey, Y.E.1    Ydenberg, R.C.2
  • 108
    • 0001723843 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary significance of rare matings in animal populations
    • Mosimann JE. The evolutionary significance of rare matings in animal populations. Evolution 1958, 12:246-261.
    • (1958) Evolution , vol.12 , pp. 246-261
    • Mosimann, J.E.1
  • 109
    • 0026066089 scopus 로고
    • Avoiding inbreeding and sibling competition: the evolution of sexual dimorphism for dispersal
    • Motro U. Avoiding inbreeding and sibling competition: the evolution of sexual dimorphism for dispersal. American Naturalist 1991, 137:108-115.
    • (1991) American Naturalist , vol.137 , pp. 108-115
    • Motro, U.1
  • 110
    • 77953334184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female-biased sex-ratio in a protandrous moth: challenging the mate opportunity hypothesis for explaining protandry
    • Muralimohan K, Srinivasa YB. Female-biased sex-ratio in a protandrous moth: challenging the mate opportunity hypothesis for explaining protandry. Current Science 2010, 98:557-562.
    • (2010) Current Science , vol.98 , pp. 557-562
    • Muralimohan, K.1    Srinivasa, Y.B.2
  • 111
    • 0031742835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precise control of sex allocation in pseudo-arrhenotokous phytoseiid mites
    • Nagelkerke CJ, Sabelis MW. Precise control of sex allocation in pseudo-arrhenotokous phytoseiid mites. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 1998, 11:649-684.
    • (1998) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.11 , pp. 649-684
    • Nagelkerke, C.J.1    Sabelis, M.W.2
  • 112
    • 76649144203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the use of male-produced pheromone components and plant volatiles in two trap designs to monitor Anopophora glabripennis
    • Nehme ME, Keena MA, Zhang A, Baker TC, Xu Z, Hoover K. Evaluating the use of male-produced pheromone components and plant volatiles in two trap designs to monitor Anopophora glabripennis. Environmental Entomology 2010, 39:169-176.
    • (2010) Environmental Entomology , vol.39 , pp. 169-176
    • Nehme, M.E.1    Keena, M.A.2    Zhang, A.3    Baker, T.C.4    Xu, Z.5    Hoover, K.6
  • 113
    • 0035709519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality and colony composition in a montane tropical eusocial wasp
    • O'Donnell S, Joyce FJ. Seasonality and colony composition in a montane tropical eusocial wasp. Biotropica 2001, 33:727-732.
    • (2001) Biotropica , vol.33 , pp. 727-732
    • O'Donnell, S.1    Joyce, F.J.2
  • 114
    • 0037050798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spraghis of Heteronympha penelope Waterhouse (Lepidoptera: Satyridae): its structure, formation and role in sperm guarding
    • Orr AG. The spraghis of Heteronympha penelope Waterhouse (Lepidoptera: Satyridae): its structure, formation and role in sperm guarding. Journal of Natural History 2002, 36:185-196.
    • (2002) Journal of Natural History , vol.36 , pp. 185-196
    • Orr, A.G.1
  • 116
    • 5644285396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling intra-sexual competition in a sex pheromone system: how much can female movement affect female mating success?
    • Pearson GA, Dillery S, Meyer JR. Modeling intra-sexual competition in a sex pheromone system: how much can female movement affect female mating success? Journal of Theoretical Biology 2004, 231:549-555.
    • (2004) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.231 , pp. 549-555
    • Pearson, G.A.1    Dillery, S.2    Meyer, J.R.3
  • 117
    • 11844299689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female control of mating sequences in the mountain scorpion Zabius fuscus: males do not use coercion as a response to unreceptive females
    • Peretti AV, Carrera P. Female control of mating sequences in the mountain scorpion Zabius fuscus: males do not use coercion as a response to unreceptive females. Animal Behaviour 2005, 69:453-462.
    • (2005) Animal Behaviour , vol.69 , pp. 453-462
    • Peretti, A.V.1    Carrera, P.2
  • 118
    • 0000997106 scopus 로고
    • Sociality and sparse populations
    • Phillip JR. Sociality and sparse populations. Ecology 1957, 38:107-111.
    • (1957) Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 107-111
    • Phillip, J.R.1
  • 119
    • 0030445730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural response and winter survival of mated and unmated diapausing females of Tetranychus atlanticus urticae complex (Acari, Tetranychidae)
    • Popov SY, Veerman A. Behavioural response and winter survival of mated and unmated diapausing females of Tetranychus atlanticus urticae complex (Acari, Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology 1996, 20:167-175.
    • (1996) Experimental and Applied Acarology , vol.20 , pp. 167-175
    • Popov, S.Y.1    Veerman, A.2
  • 120
    • 3142623522 scopus 로고
    • Mating status of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) males captured in pheromone traps compared with males and females collected at night by hand
    • Proshold FI. Mating status of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) males captured in pheromone traps compared with males and females collected at night by hand. Journal of Economic Entomology 1991, 84:1492-1498.
    • (1991) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.84 , pp. 1492-1498
    • Proshold, F.I.1
  • 121
    • 0002611573 scopus 로고
    • Larval contribution to fitness in leaf eating insects
    • Bailey WJ, Ridsdill-Smith J. ed. by, Chapman and Hall, New York, NY, USA
    • Reavey D, Lawton JH. Larval contribution to fitness in leaf eating insects. Reproductive Behaviour of Insects: Individuals and Populations 1991, 293-329. Bailey WJ, Ridsdill-Smith J. ed. by, Chapman and Hall, New York, NY, USA
    • (1991) Reproductive Behaviour of Insects: Individuals and Populations , pp. 293-329
    • Reavey, D.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 122
    • 36448974177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field mating rate of female meadow grasshoppers, Chorthippus parallelus, estimated from sperm counts
    • Reinhardt K, Köhler G, Webb S, Childs D. Field mating rate of female meadow grasshoppers, Chorthippus parallelus, estimated from sperm counts. Ecological Entomology 2007, 32:637-642.
    • (2007) Ecological Entomology , vol.32 , pp. 637-642
    • Reinhardt, K.1    Köhler, G.2    Webb, S.3    Childs, D.4
  • 123
    • 77951493961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oiketicus kirbyi (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), a key pest in Peruvian orchards of avocado
    • Rhainds M, Cabrera-LaRosa JC. Oiketicus kirbyi (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), a key pest in Peruvian orchards of avocado. International Journal of Pest Management 2010, 56:103-107.
    • (2010) International Journal of Pest Management , vol.56 , pp. 103-107
    • Rhainds, M.1    Cabrera-LaRosa, J.C.2
  • 124
    • 68149145502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness consequence of pupation site for bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on arborvitae
    • Rhainds M, Sadof C. Fitness consequence of pupation site for bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on arborvitae. Applied Entomology and Zoology 2009, 44:323-329.
    • (2009) Applied Entomology and Zoology , vol.44 , pp. 323-329
    • Rhainds, M.1    Sadof, C.2
  • 125
    • 0028995549 scopus 로고
    • Pupation site affects the mating success of small but not large female bagworms
    • Rhainds M, Gries G, Castrillo G. Pupation site affects the mating success of small but not large female bagworms. Oikos 1995a, 74:213-217.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.74 , pp. 213-217
    • Rhainds, M.1    Gries, G.2    Castrillo, G.3
  • 126
    • 0028983406 scopus 로고
    • Pupation site and emergence time influence the mating success of bagworm females, Oiketicus kirbyi
    • Rhainds M, Gries G, Chinchilla C. Pupation site and emergence time influence the mating success of bagworm females, Oiketicus kirbyi. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 1995b, 77:183-187.
    • (1995) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.77 , pp. 183-187
    • Rhainds, M.1    Gries, G.2    Chinchilla, C.3
  • 127
    • 0032876629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size- and density-dependent reproductive success of bagworms, Metisa plana
    • Rhainds M, Gries G, Min MM. Size- and density-dependent reproductive success of bagworms, Metisa plana. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 1999, 91:375-383.
    • (1999) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.91 , pp. 375-383
    • Rhainds, M.1    Gries, G.2    Min, M.M.3
  • 128
    • 51249121109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphagy, flightlessness and reproductive output of females: a case study with bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
    • Rhainds M, Leather SR, Sadof C. Polyphagy, flightlessness and reproductive output of females: a case study with bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). Ecological Entomology 2008, 33:663-672.
    • (2008) Ecological Entomology , vol.33 , pp. 663-672
    • Rhainds, M.1    Leather, S.R.2    Sadof, C.3
  • 130
    • 34250745725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in developmental time affects mating success and Allee effects
    • Robinet C, Liebhold A, Gray D. Variation in developmental time affects mating success and Allee effects. Oikos 2007, 116:1227-1237.
    • (2007) Oikos , vol.116 , pp. 1227-1237
    • Robinet, C.1    Liebhold, A.2    Gray, D.3
  • 131
    • 0025694353 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of flightlessness in insects
    • Roff DA. The evolution of flightlessness in insects. Ecological Monographs 1990, 60:389-421.
    • (1990) Ecological Monographs , vol.60 , pp. 389-421
    • Roff, D.A.1
  • 132
    • 53149132779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time limitation, egg limitation, the cost of oviposition, and lifetime reproduction by an insect in nature
    • Rosenheim JA, Jepsen SJ, Matthews CE, Smith DS, Rosenheim MR. Time limitation, egg limitation, the cost of oviposition, and lifetime reproduction by an insect in nature. American Naturalist 2008, 172:486-496.
    • (2008) American Naturalist , vol.172 , pp. 486-496
    • Rosenheim, J.A.1    Jepsen, S.J.2    Matthews, C.E.3    Smith, D.S.4    Rosenheim, M.R.5
  • 135
    • 0035077169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyandry in field-collected Spodoptera littoralis moths and laboratory assessment of the effects of male mating history
    • Sadek MM. Polyandry in field-collected Spodoptera littoralis moths and laboratory assessment of the effects of male mating history. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2001, 98:165-172.
    • (2001) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.98 , pp. 165-172
    • Sadek, M.M.1
  • 138
    • 0000343945 scopus 로고
    • Hilltopping as a mating mechanism to aid the survival of low density species
    • Scott JA. Hilltopping as a mating mechanism to aid the survival of low density species. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 1970, 7:191-204.
    • (1970) Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera , vol.7 , pp. 191-204
    • Scott, J.A.1
  • 139
    • 0000497972 scopus 로고
    • Mate-locating behaviour of butterflies
    • Scott JA. Mate-locating behaviour of butterflies. American Midland Naturalist 1974, 91:103-117.
    • (1974) American Midland Naturalist , vol.91 , pp. 103-117
    • Scott, J.A.1
  • 140
    • 0006839153 scopus 로고
    • Competitive exclusion due to mate searching behaviour, male-female emergence lags and fluctuation in number of progeny in model invertebrate populations
    • Scott JA. Competitive exclusion due to mate searching behaviour, male-female emergence lags and fluctuation in number of progeny in model invertebrate populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 1977, 46:909-924.
    • (1977) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 909-924
    • Scott, J.A.1
  • 141
    • 0000713172 scopus 로고
    • The role of sexual behaviour in density-related dispersal of Pierid butterflies
    • Shapiro AM. The role of sexual behaviour in density-related dispersal of Pierid butterflies. American Naturalist 1970, 104:367-372.
    • (1970) American Naturalist , vol.104 , pp. 367-372
    • Shapiro, A.M.1
  • 142
    • 0027069216 scopus 로고
    • Orientation of males of sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola to sex pheromones from virgin females in the field
    • Sharma HC, Vidyasagar P. Orientation of males of sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola to sex pheromones from virgin females in the field. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 1992, 64:23-29.
    • (1992) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.64 , pp. 23-29
    • Sharma, H.C.1    Vidyasagar, P.2
  • 143
    • 0028983727 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) mating success from pheromone trap counts
    • Sharov AA, Liebhold AM, Ravlin FW. Prediction of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) mating success from pheromone trap counts. Environmental Entomology 1995, 24:1239-1244.
    • (1995) Environmental Entomology , vol.24 , pp. 1239-1244
    • Sharov, A.A.1    Liebhold, A.M.2    Ravlin, F.W.3
  • 144
    • 0036964106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of synthetic pheromone on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) trap catch and mating success beyond treated areas
    • Sharov AA, Thorpe KW, Tcheslavskaia K. Effect of synthetic pheromone on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) trap catch and mating success beyond treated areas. Environmental Entomology 2002, 31:1119-1127.
    • (2002) Environmental Entomology , vol.31 , pp. 1119-1127
    • Sharov, A.A.1    Thorpe, K.W.2    Tcheslavskaia, K.3
  • 145
    • 0027046742 scopus 로고
    • Experimental manipulation of mate choice by male katydids: the effect of female encounter rate
    • Shelly TE, Bailey WJ. Experimental manipulation of mate choice by male katydids: the effect of female encounter rate. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 1992, 30:277-282.
    • (1992) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.30 , pp. 277-282
    • Shelly, T.E.1    Bailey, W.J.2
  • 146
    • 0002728741 scopus 로고
    • Hilltopping: an ecological study of summit congregation behaviour of butterflies on a Southern California hill
    • Shields O. Hilltopping: an ecological study of summit congregation behaviour of butterflies on a Southern California hill. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 1967, 6:69-178.
    • (1967) Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera , vol.6 , pp. 69-178
    • Shields, O.1
  • 147
    • 35448958531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyandry in the wild: temporal changes in female mating frequency and sperm competition intensity in natural populations of the tettigoniid Requena verticalis
    • Simmons LW, Beveridge M, Kennington WJ. Polyandry in the wild: temporal changes in female mating frequency and sperm competition intensity in natural populations of the tettigoniid Requena verticalis. Molecular Ecology 2007, 16:4613-4623.
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 4613-4623
    • Simmons, L.W.1    Beveridge, M.2    Kennington, W.J.3
  • 148
    • 0002921536 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of mating frequency and reproductive maturity in Papilio zelicaon
    • Sims SR. Aspects of mating frequency and reproductive maturity in Papilio zelicaon. American Midland Naturalist 1979, 102:37-50.
    • (1979) American Midland Naturalist , vol.102 , pp. 37-50
    • Sims, S.R.1
  • 149
    • 0035159721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mate finding, dispersal distances and population growth in invading species: a spatially explicit model
    • South AB, Kenward RE. Mate finding, dispersal distances and population growth in invading species: a spatially explicit model. Oikos 2001, 95:53-58.
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.95 , pp. 53-58
    • South, A.B.1    Kenward, R.E.2
  • 150
    • 69249235610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed mating in torticid leafroller species: simultaneously aging both sexes prior to mating is more detrimental to female reproductive potential than aging either sex alone
    • Stelinski LL, Gut LJ. Delayed mating in torticid leafroller species: simultaneously aging both sexes prior to mating is more detrimental to female reproductive potential than aging either sex alone. Bulletin of Entomological Research 2009, 99:245-251.
    • (2009) Bulletin of Entomological Research , vol.99 , pp. 245-251
    • Stelinski, L.L.1    Gut, L.J.2
  • 151
    • 0000659679 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting egg production and oviposition in populations of Colias philodice eurytheme Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
    • Stern VM, Smith RF. Factors affecting egg production and oviposition in populations of Colias philodice eurytheme Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Hilgardia 1960, 29:411-454.
    • (1960) Hilgardia , vol.29 , pp. 411-454
    • Stern, V.M.1    Smith, R.F.2
  • 152
    • 0031447884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swarming behaviour, sexual dimorphism, and female reproductive status in the sex role-reversed dance fly species Phamphomyia marginata
    • Svensson BG. Swarming behaviour, sexual dimorphism, and female reproductive status in the sex role-reversed dance fly species Phamphomyia marginata. Journal of Insect Behavior 1997, 10:783-804.
    • (1997) Journal of Insect Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 783-804
    • Svensson, B.G.1
  • 153
    • 0031869576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating behavior and reproductive potential in the turnip moth Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Svensson MGE, Marling E, Löfqvist J. Mating behavior and reproductive potential in the turnip moth Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 1998, 11:343-359.
    • (1998) Journal of Insect Behavior , vol.11 , pp. 343-359
    • Svensson, M.G.E.1    Marling, E.2    Löfqvist, J.3
  • 155
    • 19244373116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of adult and egg predation on reproductive success of Eppirita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
    • Tanhuanpää M, Ruohomäki K, Kaitaniemi P. Influence of adult and egg predation on reproductive success of Eppirita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Oikos 2003, 102:263-272.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 263-272
    • Tanhuanpää, M.1    Ruohomäki, K.2    Kaitaniemi, P.3
  • 157
    • 0344482926 scopus 로고
    • Field fecundity of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as determined from regression relationships between egg complement, fore wing length, and body weight
    • Thomas AW, Borland SA, Greenbank DO. Field fecundity of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as determined from regression relationships between egg complement, fore wing length, and body weight. Canadian Journal of Zoology 1980, 58:1608-1611.
    • (1980) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.58 , pp. 1608-1611
    • Thomas, A.W.1    Borland, S.A.2    Greenbank, D.O.3
  • 159
    • 23044440980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male-made abdominal marks as an indicator of female mating status in noctuid species
    • Torres-Vila LM, McNeil JN. Male-made abdominal marks as an indicator of female mating status in noctuid species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 2001, 94:226-229.
    • (2001) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.94 , pp. 226-229
    • Torres-Vila, L.M.1    McNeil, J.N.2
  • 160
    • 85011228703 scopus 로고
    • Pheromonal trapping of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) moths in relation to male population density and competition with females
    • Unnithan GC, Saxena KN. Pheromonal trapping of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) moths in relation to male population density and competition with females. Applied Entomology and Zoology 1991, 26:17-28.
    • (1991) Applied Entomology and Zoology , vol.26 , pp. 17-28
    • Unnithan, G.C.1    Saxena, K.N.2
  • 161
    • 33749443744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does a lack of mating opportunities explain monandry in the green-veined white butterfly (Pieris napi)?
    • Välimäki P, Kaitala A. Does a lack of mating opportunities explain monandry in the green-veined white butterfly (Pieris napi)? Oikos 2006, 115:110-116.
    • (2006) Oikos , vol.115 , pp. 110-116
    • Välimäki, P.1    Kaitala, A.2
  • 162
    • 70350532049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sphragis in Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): male-derived insemination plugs loose efficiency with progress of female flight
    • Vlasanek P, Konvicka M. Sphragis in Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): male-derived insemination plugs loose efficiency with progress of female flight. Biologia 2009, 64:1206-1211.
    • (2009) Biologia , vol.64 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Vlasanek, P.1    Konvicka, M.2
  • 163
    • 0025645431 scopus 로고
    • Inter-male competition for high quality host-plants: the evolution of protandry in a territorial grasshopper
    • Wang G, Greenfield MD, Shelly TE. Inter-male competition for high quality host-plants: the evolution of protandry in a territorial grasshopper. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 1990, 27:191-198.
    • (1990) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.27 , pp. 191-198
    • Wang, G.1    Greenfield, M.D.2    Shelly, T.E.3
  • 164
    • 0031717245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality during dispersal and the cost of host-specificity in parasites: how many aphids find hosts?
    • Ward SA, Leather SR, Pickup J, Harrington R. Mortality during dispersal and the cost of host-specificity in parasites: how many aphids find hosts? Journal of Animal Ecology 1998, 67:763-773.
    • (1998) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 763-773
    • Ward, S.A.1    Leather, S.R.2    Pickup, J.3    Harrington, R.4
  • 167
    • 0028994571 scopus 로고
    • Vertical distribution of codling moth adults in pheromone-treated and untreated plots
    • Weissling TJ, Knight AL. Vertical distribution of codling moth adults in pheromone-treated and untreated plots. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 1995, 77:271-275.
    • (1995) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.77 , pp. 271-275
    • Weissling, T.J.1    Knight, A.L.2
  • 169
    • 21044434379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-ratio adjustment when relatives interact: a test of constraints on adaptation
    • West SA, Shulker DM, Sheldon BC. Sex-ratio adjustment when relatives interact: a test of constraints on adaptation. Evolution 2005, 59:1211-1228.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 1211-1228
    • West, S.A.1    Shulker, D.M.2    Sheldon, B.C.3
  • 170
    • 38249041958 scopus 로고
    • Courtship solicitation by females of the small heath butterfly, Coenonympha pamphilus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) and their behaviour in relation to male territories before and after copulation
    • Wickman PO. Courtship solicitation by females of the small heath butterfly, Coenonympha pamphilus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) and their behaviour in relation to male territories before and after copulation. Animal Behaviour 1986, 34:153-157.
    • (1986) Animal Behaviour , vol.34 , pp. 153-157
    • Wickman, P.O.1
  • 171
    • 0026565184 scopus 로고
    • Mating systems of Coenonympha butterflies in relation to longevity
    • Wickman PO. Mating systems of Coenonympha butterflies in relation to longevity. Animal Behaviour 1992, 44:141-148.
    • (1992) Animal Behaviour , vol.44 , pp. 141-148
    • Wickman, P.O.1
  • 172
    • 0030947588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of female mate searching costs in the lekking butterfly Coenonympha pamphilus
    • Wickman PO, Jansson P. An estimate of female mate searching costs in the lekking butterfly Coenonympha pamphilus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 1997, 40:321-328.
    • (1997) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.40 , pp. 321-328
    • Wickman, P.O.1    Jansson, P.2
  • 173
    • 0032929757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of mating dispersion in insects
    • Wickman PO, Rutowski RL. The evolution of mating dispersion in insects. Oikos 1999, 84:463-472.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.84 , pp. 463-472
    • Wickman, P.O.1    Rutowski, R.L.2
  • 174
    • 0026395615 scopus 로고
    • Life tables and population parameters of the green leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler), in the southwestern district of Japan with special reference to the first generation on foxtail grass
    • Widiarta IN, Fujisaki K, Nakasuji F. Life tables and population parameters of the green leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler), in the southwestern district of Japan with special reference to the first generation on foxtail grass. Researches in Population Ecology 1991, 33:257-267.
    • (1991) Researches in Population Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 257-267
    • Widiarta, I.N.1    Fujisaki, K.2    Nakasuji, F.3
  • 175
    • 0002119711 scopus 로고
    • Why do males emerge before females?
    • Wiklund C, Fagerström T. Why do males emerge before females? Oecologia 1977, 31:153-158.
    • (1977) Oecologia , vol.31 , pp. 153-158
    • Wiklund, C.1    Fagerström, T.2
  • 176
    • 0025956180 scopus 로고
    • Sexual size dimorphism in relation to female polygamy and protandry in butterflies: a comparative study of Swedish Pieridae and Satyridae
    • Wiklund C, Forsberg J. Sexual size dimorphism in relation to female polygamy and protandry in butterflies: a comparative study of Swedish Pieridae and Satyridae. Oikos 1991, 60:373-381.
    • (1991) Oikos , vol.60 , pp. 373-381
    • Wiklund, C.1    Forsberg, J.2
  • 177
    • 0029164181 scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection for large male size in a polyandrous butterfly - the effect of body size on male versus female reproductive success in Pieris napi
    • Wiklund C, Kaitala A. Sexual selection for large male size in a polyandrous butterfly - the effect of body size on male versus female reproductive success in Pieris napi. Behavioral Ecology 1995, 6:6-13.
    • (1995) Behavioral Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 6-13
    • Wiklund, C.1    Kaitala, A.2
  • 178
    • 0042333473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating system and the evolution of sex-specific mortality rates in two nymphalid butterflies
    • Wiklund C, Gotthard K, Nylin S. Mating system and the evolution of sex-specific mortality rates in two nymphalid butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 2003, 270:1823-1828.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.270 , pp. 1823-1828
    • Wiklund, C.1    Gotthard, K.2    Nylin, S.3
  • 179
    • 0001730648 scopus 로고
    • Female monogamy and male competition in Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
    • Wing SR. Female monogamy and male competition in Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Psyche 1984, 91:153-160.
    • (1984) Psyche , vol.91 , pp. 153-160
    • Wing, S.R.1
  • 180
    • 0000111372 scopus 로고
    • Cost of mating for female insects: risk of predation in Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
    • Wing SR. Cost of mating for female insects: risk of predation in Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). American Naturalist 1988, 131:139-142.
    • (1988) American Naturalist , vol.131 , pp. 139-142
    • Wing, S.R.1
  • 181
    • 0000899904 scopus 로고
    • Energetic costs of mating in a flightless female firefly, Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
    • Wing SR. Energetic costs of mating in a flightless female firefly, Photinus collustrans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Journal of Insect Behavior 1989, 2:841-847.
    • (1989) Journal of Insect Behavior , vol.2 , pp. 841-847
    • Wing, S.R.1
  • 182
    • 0026291247 scopus 로고
    • Timing of Photinus collustrans reproductive activity: finding a mate in time (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
    • Wing SR. Timing of Photinus collustrans reproductive activity: finding a mate in time (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 1991, 45:57-74.
    • (1991) The Coleopterists Bulletin , vol.45 , pp. 57-74
    • Wing, S.R.1
  • 183
    • 70249128987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the onset of sexual maturation terminate the expression of migratory behaviour in moths? A study of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata
    • Zhao XC, Feng HQ, Wu B, Wu XF, Liu ZF. Does the onset of sexual maturation terminate the expression of migratory behaviour in moths? A study of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Journal of Insect Physiology 2009, 55:1039-1043.
    • (2009) Journal of Insect Physiology , vol.55 , pp. 1039-1043
    • Zhao, X.C.1    Feng, H.Q.2    Wu, B.3    Wu, X.F.4    Liu, Z.F.5
  • 184
    • 0026357777 scopus 로고
    • Models on butterfly protandry: virgin females are at risk to die
    • Zonneveld C, Metz JAJ. Models on butterfly protandry: virgin females are at risk to die. Theoretical Population Biology 1991, 40:308-321.
    • (1991) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.40 , pp. 308-321
    • Zonneveld, C.1    Metz, J.A.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.