Child sexual abuse in Lebanon during war and peace

Child: Care, Health and Development

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 361-368

  Usta, J ^a   Farver, JoAnn ^b  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Child sexual abuse; Family functioning; Lebanon; Trauma symptoms; War

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEBANON; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS; WAR;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE, SEXUAL; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEBANON; MALE; RISK FACTORS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WAR;

EID: 77955232733     PISSN: 03051862     EISSN: 13652214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01082.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Abu-Baker K, Dwairy M. Cultural norms versus state law in treating incest: a suggested model for Arab families. Child Abuse & Neglect 2003, 27:109-123.
2. Alikasifoglu M, Erginoz E, Ercan O, Albayrak-Kaymak D, Uysal O, Ilter O. Sexual abuse among female high school students in Istanbul, Turkey. Child Abuse & Neglect 2006, 30:247-255.
3. Alnajjar A A. Adolescents' perceptions of family functioning in the United Arab Emirates. Adolescence 1996, 31:433-442.
4. Andrews G, Corry J, Slade T, Issakidis C, Swanston H. Child sexual abuse. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks 2004, Geneva, Switzerland
5. Barakat H. The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State 1993, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA
6. Bennett S E, Hughes H M, Luke D A. Heterogeneity in patterns of child sexual abuse, family functioning, and long-term adjustment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2000, 15:134-157.
7. Briere J. The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSC-C) 1996, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL, USA
8. Briere J, Runtz M. Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-33). Early data on a new scale. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1989, 4:151-163.
9. Catani C, Schauer E, Neuner F. Beyond individual war trauma. Domestic violence against children in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 2008, 34:165-178.
10. Chandy J M, Blum R W, Resnick M D. Gender specific outcomes for sexually abused adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect 1996, 20:1219-1231.
11. Chemaly N, Baroud Z, Khoury J, Saad M, Kahi H. Exploitation sexuelle des enfants, le cas du Liban. Chronique Sociale 1996, 1:11-12.
12. Cohen J. Statistical Power for the Behavioral Sciences 1988, Erlbaum, Trenton, NJ, USA
13. Eid N. Response to child abuse and culture related personality dimensions among Lebanese university students. 2004, Unpublished Masters Thesis, American University of Beirut
14. Faust J, Kenny M C, Runyon M K. Differences in family functioning of sexually abused vs. nonabused enuretics. Journal of Family Violence 1997, 12:405-416.
15. Finkelhor D. Current information on the scope and nature of child sexual abuse. Future Child 1994, 4:31-53.
16. Garbarino J. The experience of children in Kuwait. Occupation, war, and liberation. Child, Youth and Family Services Quarterly 1991, 14:2-8.
17. Garbarino J, Kostelny K, Dubrow N. No Place to Be A Child: Growing up in A War Zone 1991, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, USA
18. Gilbert R, Widom C, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Burden J. Consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet 2009, 373:68-81.
19. Haj-Yahia M. A patriarchal perspective of beliefs about wife beating among Palestinian men from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Journal of Family Issues 1998, 9:565-621.
20. Haj-Yahia M, Ben Arieh A. The incidence of Arab adolescents' exposure to violence in their family of origin and its socio-demographic correlates. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000, 24:1299-1315.
21. Haj-Yahia M, Tamish S. The rates of child sexual abuse and its psychological consequences as revealed by a study among Palestinian university students. Child Abuse & Neglect 2001, 25:1303-1327.
22. Hoagwood K, Stewart J M. Sexually abused children's perceptions of family functioning. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal 1989, 6:139-149.
23. Hulsey T L, Sexton M C, Nash M R. Perceptions of family functioning and the occurrence of childhood sexual abuse. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 1992, 56:438-450.
24. Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST - Child version). 2007, International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (IPSCAN)
25. Johnson C F. Child sexual abuse. Lancet 2004, 364:462-470.
26. Kern J M, Hastings T. Differential family environments of bulimics and victims of childhood sexual abuse: achievement orientation. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1995, 51:499-506.
27. Koverola C, Proulx J, Battle P, Hanna C. Family functioning as predictors of distress in revictimized sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1996, 11:263-280.
28. Pereda N, Guliera G, Forns M, Gomez-Benito J. The Prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 2009, 29:328-338.
29. Pinheiro P S. World report on violence against children. 2006, New York: United Nations Secretary-General's study on violence against children
30. Socio-economic background of Lebanon. 2008, http://www.rmf.org.lb, Rene Moawad Foundation, Available at: (accessed from 29 June 2008
31. Roelofse R, Middleton M R. The family functioning in adolescence questionnaire. A measure of psychosocial family health during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence 1985, 8:33-45.
32. Saigh P A. Development of PTSD following four types of traumatization. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1991, 29:213-216.
33. Shalhoub-Kevorkian N. The politics of disclosing female sexual abuse: a case study of Palestinian society. Child Abuse & Neglect 1999, 23:1275-1293.
34. Child Maltreatment 2008, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children youth and Families, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA
35. Wherry J N, Jolly J B, Aruffo J F, Gillette G, Vaught L, Metheny R. Family trauma and dysfunction in sexually abused female adolescent psychiatric and control groups. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 1994, 3:53-65.
36. Global school based student health survey. Center for disease control and prevention. 2005, http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/2007_Lebanon_GSHS_Country_Report.pdf, World Health Organization, Available at: (accessed June 2008