Advanced gastric cancer - Slow but steady progress

Cancer Treatment Reviews

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 384-392

  Power, Derek G ^a,b   Kelsen, David P ^a,b   Shah, Manish A ^a,b  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemotherapy; Gastric cancer; Molecular targets; Prognostic index; Salvage; Second line treatment

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CATUMAXOMAB; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CISPLATIN; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; IRINOTECAN; OXALIPLATIN; TRASTUZUMAB; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

APPETITE; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; COMORBIDITY; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION DISORDER; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MORBIDITY; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; NUTRITION; ONCOGENE NEU; PATHOGENESIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STOMACH CANCER; CANCER STAGING; DISEASE COURSE; HEALTH; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; PATHOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; STOMACH NEOPLASMS; SURVIVAL RATE; TRENDS;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROGNOSIS; STOMACH NEOPLASMS; SURVIVAL RATE; WORLD HEALTH; GLOBAL HEALTH;

EID: 77955174673     PISSN: 03057372     EISSN: 15321967     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.01.005     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Parkin D.M., Bray F., Ferlay J., Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005, 55(2):74-108.
2. Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E., Hao Y., Xu J., Thun M.J. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009, 59(4):225-249.
3. Jackson C., Cunningham D., Oliveira J. Gastric cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2009, 20(Suppl. 4):34-36.
4. D'Angelica M., Gonen M., Brennan M.F., Turnbull A.D., Bains M., Karpeh M.S. Patterns of initial recurrence in completely resected gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2004, 240(5):808-816.
5. Colozza M., de Azambuja E., Personeni N., Lebrun F., Piccart M.J., Cardoso F. Achievements in systemic therapies in the pregenomic era in metastatic breast cancer. Oncologist 2007, 12(3):253-270.
6. Kopetz S., Chang G.J., Overman M.J., Eng C., Sargent D.J., Larson D.W., et al. Improved survival in metastatic colorectal cancer is associated with adoption of hepatic resection and improved chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(22):3677-3683.
7. Catalano V., Graziano F., Santini D., D'Emidio S., Baldelli A.M., Rossi D., et al. Second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer: who may benefit?. Br J Cancer 2008, 99(9):1402-1407.
8. Glimelius B., Ekstrom K., Hoffman K., Graf W., Sjoden P.O., Haglund U., et al. Randomized comparison between chemotherapy plus best supportive care with best supportive care in advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 1997, 8(2):163-168.
9. Murad A.M., Santiago F.F., Petroianu A., Rocha P.R., Rodrigues M.A., Rausch M. Modified therapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced gastric cancer. Cancer 1993, 72(1):37-41.
10. Pyrhonen S., Kuitunen T., Nyandoto P., Kouri M. Randomised comparison of fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 1995, 71(3):587-591.
11. Scheithauer W, Kornek G, Zeh B. Palliative chemotherapy versus supportive care in patients with metastatic gastric cancer: a randomized trial. In: Second international conference on biology, prevention and treatment of GI malignancy, Koln, Germany, 68, 1995. [abstract].
12. Wagner A.D., Grothe W., Haerting J., Kleber G., Grothey A., Fleig W.E. Chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on aggregate data. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24(18):2903-2909.
13. Icli F, Celik I, Aykan F, Uner A, Demirkazik A, Ozet A, et al. A randomized Phase III trial of etoposide, epirubicin, and cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Turkish oncology group. Cancer 1998;83(12):2475-80.
14. Kim N.K., Park Y.S., Heo D.S., Suh C., Kim S.Y., Park K.C., et al. A phase III randomized study of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C versus 5-fluorouracil alone in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Cancer 1993, 71(12):3813-3818.
15. Ohtsu A., Shimada Y., Shirao K., Boku N., Hyodo I., Saito H., et al. Randomized phase III trial of fluorouracil alone versus fluorouracil plus cisplatin versus uracil and tegafur plus mitomycin in patients with unresectable, advanced gastric cancer: the Japan clinical oncology group study (JCOG9205). J Clin Oncol 2003, 21(1):54-59.
16. Tebbutt N.C., Norman A., Cunningham D., Iveson T., Seymour M., Hickish T., et al. A multicentre, randomised phase III trial comparing protracted venous infusion (PVI) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with PVI 5-FU plus mitomycin C in patients with inoperable oesophago-gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2002, 13(10):1568-1575.
17. Vanhoefer U., Rougier P., Wilke H., Ducreux M.P., Lacave A.J., Van Cutsem E., et al. Final results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential high-dose methotrexate, fluorouracil, and doxorubicin versus etoposide, leucovorin, and fluorouracil versus infusional fluorouracil and cisplatin in advanced gastric cancer: a trial of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer gastrointestinal tract cancer cooperative group. J Clin Oncol 2000, 18(14):2648-2657.
18. Webb A., Cunningham D., Scarffe J.H., Harper P., Norman A., Joffe J.K., et al. Randomized trial comparing epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997, 15(1):261-267.
19. Ross P., Nicolson M., Cunningham D., Valle J., Seymour M., Harper P., et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing mitomycin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) with epirubicin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002, 20(8):1996-2004.
20. Al-Batran S.E., Hartmann J.T., Probst S., Schmalenberg H., Hollerbach S., Hofheinz R., et al. Phase III trial in metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with fluorouracil, leucovorin plus either oxaliplatin or cisplatin: a study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26(9):1435-1442.
21. Boku N, Yamamoto S, Shirao K, Doi T, Sawaki A, Koizumi W, et al. Randomized phase III study of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone versus combination of irinotecan and cisplatin (CP) versus S-1 alone in advanced gastric cancer (JCOG9912). In: Annual proceedings. Orlando, FL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008 [abstract LBA4513].
22. Cunningham D., Starling N., Rao S., Iveson T., Nicolson M., Coxon F., et al. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin for advanced esophagogastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2008, 358(1):36-46.
23. Dank M., Zaluski J., Barone C., Valvere V., Yalcin S., Peschel C., et al. Randomized phase III study comparing irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid to cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil in chemotherapy naive patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction. Ann Oncol 2008, 19(8):1450-1457.
24. Koizumi W., Narahara H., Hara T., Takagane A., Akiya T., Takagi M., et al. S-1 plus cisplatin versus S-1 alone for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer (SPIRITS trial): a phase III trial. Lancet Oncol 2008, 9(3):215-221.
25. Ridwelski K, Fahlke J, Kettner E, Schmidt C, Keilholz U, Quietzsch D, et al. Docetaxel-cisplatin (DC) versus 5-fluorouracil-leucovorin-cisplatin (FLC) as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: preliminary results of a phase III study. Amercan society of clinical oncology, Chigago, IL, USA, 2008 [abstract 4512].
26. Kang Y.K., Kang W.K., Shin D.B., Chen J., Xiong J., Wang J., et al. Capecitabine/cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomised phase III noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol 2009, 20(4):666-673.
27. Van Cutsem E., Moiseyenko V.M., Tjulandin S., Majlis A., Constenla M., Boni C., et al. Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a report of the V325 study group. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24(31):4991-4997.
28. Ajani JA, Rodriquez W, Bodoky G, Moiseyenko VM, Lichinitser M, Gorbunova V, et al. Multicenter phase III comparison of cisplatin/S-1 (CS) with cisplatin/5-FU (CF) as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (FLAGS): secondary and subset analyses. In: Annual proceedings. Orlando, FL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29th-June 2nd, 2009 [abstract #4511].
29. Wagner AD, Grothe W, Haerting J, Kleber G, Grothey A, Fleig WE. Combination chemotherapies in advanced gastric cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Chicago, IL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 1-5 June 2007 [abstract 4555].
30. Lorenzen S., Hentrich M., Haberl C., Heinemann V., Schuster T., Seroneit T., et al. Split-dose docetaxel, cisplatin and leucovorin/fluorouracil as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction: results of a phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2007, 18(10):1673-1679.
31. Al-Batran S.E., Hartmann J.T., Hofheinz R., Homann N., Rethwisch V., Probst S., et al. Biweekly fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction: a phase II trial of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. Ann Oncol 2008, 19(11):1882-1887.
32. Tebbutt N.C., Cummins M.M., Sourjina T., Strickland A., Van Hazel G., Ganju V., et al. Randomised, non-comparative phase II study of weekly docetaxel with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil or with capecitabine in oesophagogastric cancer: the AGITG ATTAX trial. Br J Cancer 2010, 12:12.
33. Shah MA, Stoller R, Shibata S, Kemeny M, Mehrotra B, Ritch PS, et al. Random assignment multicenter phase II study of modified docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil(mDCF) versus DCF with growth factor support(GCSF) in metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma(GE) In: Gastrointestinal cancers symposium. Orlando, FL: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2010 [abstract #170].
34. Elsaid AA, Elkerm Y. Final results of a randomized phase III trial of docetaxel, carboplatin and 5FU versus epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU for locally advanced gastric cancer. In: Annual proceedings. American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2005 [abstract 4014].
35. Arteaga CL, Chinratanalab W, Carter MB. Inhibitors of HER2/neu (erbB-2) signal transduction. Semin Oncol 2001;28(6 Suppl. 18):30-5.
36. Van Cutsem E, Kang K, Chung H, Shen L, Sawaki A, Lordick F, et al. Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: a phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard chemotherapy (CT) in first-line human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer (GC). In: Annual proceedings. Orlando, FL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29th-June 2nd, 2009 [abstract #LBA 4509].
37. Bang Y, Chung H, Xu J, Lordick F, Sawaki A, Lipatov O, et al. Pathological features of advanced gastric cancer (GC): relationship to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity in the global screening programme of the ToGA trial. In: Annual proceedings. Orlando, FL: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 29 May-2 June, 2009 [abstract #4556].
38. Bang Y, Kang Y, Kang WK, Boku N, Chung H, Lanzalone S, et al. Sunitinib as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer: preliminary results from a phase II study. Chicago, IL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008 [abstract 4603].
39. Enzinger PC, Fidias P, Stuart K, al e. Phase II study of bevacizumab and docetaxel (AVATAX) in metastatic esophageal and gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2006;17(ix310):1078PDa.
40. Enzinger PC, Ryan DP, Regan EM, Lehman N, Abrams TA, Hezel AF, et al. Phase II trial of docetaxel, cisplatin, irinotecan, and bevacizumab in metastatic esophagogastric cancer. Chicago, IL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008 [abstract 4552t].
41. Han S.W., Oh D.Y., Im S.A., Park S.R., Lee K.W., Song H.S., et al. Phase II study and biomarker analysis of cetuximab combined with modified FOLFOX6 in advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2009, 100(2):298-304.
42. Stein A, Al-Batran SE, Arnold D, Peinert S, Siewczynski R, Schmoll HJ. Cetuximab with irinotecan as salvage therapy in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic gastric cancer. In: Gastrointestinal cancers symposium, 2007 [abstract #47].
43. Jhawer M, Tse A, Ilson DH, Robinson E, Zheng J, Randazzo J, et al. Phase II study of modified docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil (mDCF), and bevacizumab (BEV) in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal (GE) adenocarcinoma. In: Gastrointestinal cancer symposium, San Francisco, CA, USA, 15-17 January, 2009 [abstract 10].
44. Pinto C., Di Fabio F., Siena S., Cascinu S., Rojas Llimpe F.L., Ceccarelli C., et al. Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FOLCETUX study). Ann Oncol 2007, 18(3):510-517.
45. Pinto C., Di Fabio F., Barone C., Siena S., Falcone A., Cascinu S., et al. Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (DOCETUX study). Br J Cancer 2009, 22:22.
46. Shah M.A., Ramanathan R.K., Ilson D.H., Levnor A., D'Adamo D., O'Reilly E., et al. Multicenter phase II study of irinotecan, cisplatin, and bevacizumab in patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24(33):5201-5206.
47. Sun W, Powell ME, O'Dwyer P, Ansari RH, Benson AB. A phase II study: combination of sorafenib with docetaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic or advanced unresectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma (ECOG 5203). Chicago, IL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 1-5 June, 2008 [abstract 4535].
48. Lordick F., Ott K., Weitz J., Jager D. The evolving role of catumaxomab in gastric cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008, 8(9):1407-1415.
49. Chau I., Norman A.R., Cunningham D., Waters J.S., Oates J., Ross P.J. Multivariate prognostic factor analysis in locally advanced and metastatic esophago-gastric cancer-pooled analysis from three multicenter, randomized, controlled trials using individual patient data. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22(12):2395-2403.
50. Lee J., Lim T., Uhm J.E., Park K.W., Park S.H., Lee S.C., et al. Prognostic model to predict survival following first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2007, 18(5):886-891.
51. Dufresne A., Pivot X., Tournigand C., Facchini T., Altweegg T., Chaigneau L., et al. Impact of chemotherapy beyond the first line in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008, 107(2):275-279.
52. Rothenberg ML. Current status of second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2004;4(Suppl. 1):S16-21.
53. Thuss-Patience PC, Kretzschmar A, Deist T, Hinke A, Bichev D, Lebedinzew B, et al. Irinotecan versus best supportive care (BSC) as second-line therapy in gastric cancer: a randomized phase III study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO). Orlando, FL: American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29th-June 2nd, 2009 [abstract 4540].
54. Wesolowski R., Lee C., Kim R. Is there a role for second-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer?. Lancet Oncol 2009, 10(9):903-912.
55. Jo J.C., Lee J.L., Ryu M.H., Sym S.J., Lee S.S., Chang H.M., et al. Docetaxel monotherapy as a second-line treatment after failure of fluoropyrimidine and platinum in advanced gastric cancer: experience of 154 patients with prognostic factor analysis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2007, 37(12):936-941.
56. Lee J.L., Ryu M.H., Chang H.M., Kim T.W., Yook J.H., Oh S.T., et al. A phase II study of docetaxel as salvage chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer after failure of fluoropyrimidine and platinum combination chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008, 61(4):631-637.
57. Colombo N., Van Gorp T., Parma G., Amant F., Gatta G., Sessa C., et al. Ovarian cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006, 60(2):159-179.
58. Goldberg R.M., Rothenberg M.L., Van Cutsem E., Benson A.B., Blanke C.D., Diasio R.B., et al. The continuum of care: a paradigm for the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2007, 12(1):38-50.
59. Vansteenkiste J. Improving patient management in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007;57 (Suppl. 2):S12-7.
60. Hironaka S., Zenda S., Boku N., Fukutomi A., Yoshino T., Onozawa Y. Weekly paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Gastric cancer 2006, 9(1):14-18.
61. Kodera Y, Ito S, Mochizuki Y, Fujitake S, Koshikawa K, Kanyama Y, et al. A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (CCOG0302 study). Anticancer Res 2007;27(4C):2667-71.
62. Baize N., Abakar-Mahamat A., Mounier N., Berthier F., Caroli-Bosc F.X. Phase II study of paclitaxel combined with capecitabine as second-line treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma after failure of cisplatin-based regimens. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009, 4:4.
63. Barone C., Basso M., Schinzari G., Pozzo C., Trigila N., D'Argento E., et al. Docetaxel and oxaliplatin combination in second-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gastric cancer 2007, 10(2):104-111.
64. Lee KW, Kim JH, Yun T, Song EK, Na, II, Shin H, et al. Phase II study of low-dose paclitaxel and cisplatin as a second-line therapy after 5-fluorouracil/platinum chemotherapy in gastric cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2007;22(Suppl. 21):S115-21.
65. Rosati G, Bilancia D, Germano D, Dinota A, Romano R, Reggiardo G, et al. Reduced dose intensity of docetaxel plus capecitabine as second-line palliative chemotherapy in patients with metastatic gastric cancer: a phase II study. Ann Oncol 2007;18(Suppl. 6):vi128-32.
66. Sym S.J., Chang H.M., Kang H.J., Lee S.S., Ryu M.H., Lee J.L., et al. A phase II study of irinotecan and docetaxel combination chemotherapy for patients with previously treated metastatic or recurrent advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008, 63(1):1-8.
67. Zhong H., Zhang Y., Ma S., Ying J.E., Yang Y., Yong D., et al. Docetaxel plus oxaliplatin (DOCOX) as a second-line treatment after failure of fluoropyrimidine and platinum in Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2008, 19(10):1013-1018.
68. Jeong J., Jeung H.C., Rha S.Y., Im C.K., Shin S.J., Ahn J.B., et al. Phase II study of combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil, low-dose leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FLOX regimen) in pretreated advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2008, 19(6):1135-1140.
69. Schmid K.E., Kornek G.V., Schull B., Raderer M., Lenauer A., Depisch D., et al. Second-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer with oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed. Onkologie 2003, 26(3):255-258.
70. Seo H.Y., Kim D.S., Choi Y.S., Sung H.J., Park K.H., Choi I.K., et al. Treatment outcomes of oxaliplatin, 5-FU, and leucovorin as salvage therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009, 63(3):433-439.
71. Ueda S., Hironaka S., Boku N., Fukutomi A., Yoshino T., Onozawa Y. Combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and cisplatin in pretreated patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer. Gastric cancer 2006, 9(3):203-207.
72. Ilson D.H., Saltz L., Enzinger P., Huang Y., Kornblith A., Gollub M., et al. Phase II trial of weekly irinotecan plus cisplatin in advanced esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999, 17(10):3270-3275.
73. Schønnemann KR, Bjerregaard JK, Jensen HA, Vestermark LW, Højberg L, Pfeiffer P. Biweekly cetuximab and irinotecan as second-line therapy to patients with platinium-resistant gastroesophageal cancer. In: Gastrointestinal cancers symposium, Orlando, FL, 2009 [abstract #73].
74. Tebbutt NC, Sourjina T, Strickland AH, Van Hazel GA, Pavlakis N, Ganju V, et al. ATTAX2: docetaxel plus cetuximab as second-line treatment for docetaxel-refractory oesophago-gastric cancer-final results of a multicentre phase II trial by the AGITG. In: Annual proceedings. Chicago, IL: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008 [abstract #15554].
75. Chau I., Ashley S., Cunningham D. Validation of the royal Marsden hospital prognostic index in advanced esophagogastric cancer using individual patient data from the REAL 2 study. J Clin Oncol 2009, 26:26.
76. Kim J.G., Ryoo B.Y., Park Y.H., Kim B.S., Kim T.Y., Im Y.H., et al. Prognostic factors for survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008, 61(2):301-307.
77. Pozzo C, Ohashi Y, Projecobot G. Meta-analyses of randomized trials assessing the influence of chemotherapy and prognostic factor in advanced/recurrent gastric cancer. Orlando, FL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2009 [abstract 4550].
78. Yoshida M., Ohtsu A., Boku N., Miyata Y., Shirao K., Shimada Y., et al. Long-term survival and prognostic factors in patients with metastatic gastric cancers treated with chemotherapy in the Japan clinical oncology group (JCOG) study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2004, 34(11):654-659.
79. Read W.L., Tierney R.M., Page N.C., Costas I., Govindan R., Spitznagel E.L., et al. Differential prognostic impact of comorbidity. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22(15):3099-3103.
80. Bohanes PO, Courvoisier D, Perneger T, Morel P, Huber O, Roth AD. Survival predictors in second-line chemotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer. Chicago, IL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2009 [abstract e15575].
81. Cocconi G., Bella M., Zironi S., Algeri R., Di Costanzo F., De Lisi V., et al. Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin combination versus PELF chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a prospective randomized trial of the Italian oncology group for clinical research. J Clin Oncol 1994, 12(12):2687-2693.
82. Ji SH, Lim do H, Yi SY, Kim HS, Jun HJ, Kim KH, et al. A retrospective analysis of second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2009;9(110):110.
83. Kim S, Hwang M, Park YS, Park S, Kim YH, Ryu K, et al. Prognostic impact of response to second-line chemotherapy on overall survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Chicago, IL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2009 [Abstract e15551].
84. Park S.H., Lee W.K., Chung M., Bang S.M., Cho E.K., Lee J.H., et al. Quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with second-line chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006, 57(3):289-294.
85. Wilson D., Hiller L., Geh J.I. Review of second-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2005, 17(2):81-90.
86. Ichikawa W., Sasaki Y. Correlation between tumor response to first-line chemotherapy and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2006, 17(11):1665-1672.
87. Ribeiro M.M., Sarmento J.A., Sobrinho Simoes M.A., Bastos J. Prognostic significance of Lauren and Ming classifications and other pathologic parameters in gastric carcinoma. Cancer 1981, 47(4):780-784.
88. Suriano G., Mulholland D., de Wever O., Ferreira P., Mateus A.R., Bruyneel E., et al. The intracellular E-cadherin germline mutation V832 M lacks the ability to mediate cell-cell adhesion and to suppress invasion. Oncogene 2003, 22(36):5716-5719.
89. Catalano V., Labianca R., Beretta G.D., Gatta G., de Braud F., Van Cutsem E. Gastric cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009, 19:19.
90. Marrelli D., Pedrazzani C., Berardi A., Corso G., Neri A., Garosi L., et al. Negative Helicobacter pylori status is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer 2009, 115(10):2071-2080.
91. Jhawer MP, Kindler HL, Wainberg ZA, Hecht JR, Kerr RO, Ford JM, et al. Preliminary activity of XL880, a dual MET/VEGFR2 inhibitor, in MET amplified poorly differentiated gastric cancer (PDGC): interim results of a multicenter phase II study. Chicago, IL, USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008 [abstract 4572].
92. Lieto E., Ferraraccio F., Orditura M., Castellano P., Mura A.L., Pinto M., et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an independent prognostic indicator of worse outcome in gastric cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15(1):69-79.
93. Matsubara J., Nishina T., Yamada Y., Moriwaki T., Shimoda T., Kajiwara T., et al. Impacts of excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and epidermal growth factor receptor on the outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2008, 98(4):832-839.
94. Park D.I., Yun J.W., Park J.H., Oh S.J., Kim H.J., Cho Y.K., et al. HER-2/neu amplification is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2006, 51(8):1371-1379.
95. Goekkurt E., Al-Batran S.E., Hartmann J.T., Mogck U., Schuch G., Kramer M., et al. Pharmacogenetic analyses of a phase III trial in metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with fluorouracil and leucovorin plus either oxaliplatin or cisplatin: a study of the arbeitsgemeinschaft internistische onkologie. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(17):2863-2873.
96. Al-Batran SE, Wirtz RM, Pauligk C, Steinmetz K, Probst S, Hartmann JT, et al. Association of elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA expression levels with resistance to chemotherapy and survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: results from the FLO versus FLP gastric cancer phase III trial of the AIO. In: Annual proceedings. Chicago, IL: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008 [abstract #4544].
97. Haller D.G., Cassidy J., Clarke S.J., Cunningham D., Van Cutsem E., Hoff P.M., et al. Potential regional differences for the tolerability profiles of fluoropyrimidines. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26(13):2118-2123.
98. Lordick F., Ott K., Krause B.J., Weber W.A., Becker K., Stein H.J., et al. PET to assess early metabolic response and to guide treatment of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction: the MUNICON phase II trial. Lancet Oncol 2007, 8(9):797-805.
99. Ott K., Herrmann K., Lordick F., Wieder H., Weber W.A., Becker K., et al. Early metabolic response evaluation by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography allows in vivo testing of chemosensitivity in gastric cancer: long-term results of a prospective study. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14(7):2012-2018.
100. Shah MA, Yeung H, Coit D, Trocola R, Ilson DH, Randazzo J, et al. A phase II study of preoperative chemotherapy with irinotecan(CPT) and cisplatin(CIS) for gastric cancer(NCI 5917): FDG-PET/CT predicts patient outcome. In: Annual proceedings. Orlando, FL: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2007 [abstract #4502].
101. Hamaguchi T., Shirao K., Yamamichi N., Hyodo I., Koizumi W., Seki S., et al. A phase II study of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in previously treated gastric cancer: a report from the gastrointestinal oncology group of the Japan clinical oncology group, JCOG 9207 trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008, 38(6):432-437.
102. Hartmann J.T., Quietzsch D., Daikeler T., Kollmannsberger C., Mayer F., Kanz L., et al. Mitomycin C continuous infusion as salvage chemotherapy in pretreated patients with advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Drug 1999, 10(8):729-733.
103. Park S.H., Kim Y.S., Hong J., Park J., Nam E., Cho E.K., et al. Mitomycin C plus S-1 as second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a noncomparative phase II study. Anticancer Drug 2008, 19(3):303-307.
104. Shin S.J., Jeung H.C., Ahn J.B., Choi H.J., Cho B.C., Rha S.Y., et al. Capecitabine and doxorubicin combination chemotherapy as salvage therapy in pretreated advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008, 61(1):157-165.
105. Hartmann J.T., Pintoffl J.P., Al-Batran S.E., Quietzsch D., Meisinger I., Horger M., et al. Mitomycin C plus infusional 5-fluorouracil in platinum-refractory gastric adenocarcinoma: an extended multicenter phase II study. Onkologie 2007, 30(5):235-240.
106. Koizumi W., Akiya T., Sato A., Yamaguchi K., Sakuyama T., Nakayama N., et al. Second-line chemotherapy with biweekly paclitaxel after failure of fluoropyrimidine-based treatment in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer: a report from the gastrointestinal oncology group of the Tokyo cooperative oncology group, TCOG GC-0501 trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009, 39(11):713-719.
107. Matsuda G., Kunisaki C., Makino H., Fukahori M., Kimura J., Sato T., et al. Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel as a second-line treatment for S-1-refractory advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 2009, 29(7):2863-2867.
108. Yildiz R., Kalender M.E., Dane F., Sevinc A., Gumus M., Camci C., et al. Docetaxel combined with oral etoposide as second-line treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma after failure of platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based regimens. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2009, 15:15.
109. Leary A., Assersohn L., Cunningham D., Norman A.R., Chong G., Brown G., et al. A phase II trial evaluating capecitabine and irinotecan as second line treatment in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer who have progressed on, or within 3 months of platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008, 23:23.
110. Seo M.D., Lee K.W., Lim J.H., Yi H.G., Kim D.Y., Oh D.Y., et al. Irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin as second-line chemotherapy for metastatic or relapsed gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008, 38(9):589-595.
111. Suzuki S., Harada N., Takeo Y., Tanaka S., Hayashi T., Suzuki M., et al. Bi-weekly irinotecan hydrochloride and cisplatin as a second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2007, 34(13):2245-2248.
112. Sun Q., Hang M., Xu W., Mao W., Hang X., Li M., et al. Irinotecan plus capecitabine as a second-line treatment after failure of 5-fluorouracil and platinum in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009, 39(12):791-796.
113. Sym S.J., Ryu M.H., Lee J.L., Chang H.M., Kim T.W., Lee S.S., et al. Salvage chemotherapy with biweekly irinotecan, plus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with advanced gastric cancer previously treated with fluoropyrimidine, platinum, and taxane. Am J Clin Oncol 2008, 31(2):151-156.
114. Yoshida T, Yoshikawa T, Tsuburaya A, Kobayashi O, Hasegawa S, Osaragi T, et al. Feasibility study of biweekly CPT-11 plus CDDP for S-1- and paclitaxel-refractory, metastatic gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 2006;26(2B):1595-8.
115. Kim S.G., Oh S.Y., Kwon H.C., Lee S., Kim J.H., Kim S.H., et al. A phase II study of irinotecan with bi-weekly, low-dose leucovorin and bolus and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (modified FOLFIRI) as salvage therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2007, 37(10):744-749.
116. Kim S.T., Kang W.K., Kang J.H., Park K.W., Lee J., Lee S.H., et al. Salvage chemotherapy with irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin for taxane- and cisplatin-refractory, metastatic gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2005, 92(10):1850-1854.
117. Lorizzo K., Fazio N., Radice D., Boselli S., Ariu L., Zampino M.G., et al. Simplified FOLFIRI in pre-treated patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009, 64(2):301-306.
118. Giuliani F, Molica S, Maiello E, Battaglia C, Gebbia V, Di Bisceglie M, et al. Irinotecan (CPT-11) and mitomycin-C (MMC) as second-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico dell' Italia Meridionale (prot. 2106). Am J Clin Oncol 2005;28(6):581-5.
119. Miyamoto H., Yoshida M., Yamanouchi T., Kanda K., Zinnouchi K., Kiyozumi T., et al. Combination of irinotecan and Mitomycin C as second-line chemotherapy for patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer in clinical practice. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2009, 36(8):1293-1297.