Hazard investigation of the Portillo Rock Avalanche site, central Andes, Chile, using an integrated field mapping and numerical modelling approach

Engineering Geology

Volumn 114, Issue 3-4, 2010, Pages 278-297

  Welkner, D ^a,b   Eberhardt, E ^a   Hermanns, R L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b BGC ENGINEERING INC   (Canada)

^c GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

Author keywords

Chilean Andes; Cosmogenic dating; Rockslide hazard assessment; Runout analysis; Stress controlled failure; Trigger mechanism analysis

Indexed keywords

ARGENTINA; BACK ANALYSIS; CENTRAL ANDES; CENTRAL CHILE; COSMOGENIC DATING; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; CURRENT DISTRIBUTION; DRY SEASONS; FAILURE MECHANISM; FAILURE SURFACE; FIELD MAPPING; FORWARD ANALYSIS; GEOLOGICAL MODELS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; LEADING EDGE; LOW PROBABILITY; LYING AREA; MATERIAL PROPERTY; NUMERICAL MODELLING; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; ROCK AVALANCHE; ROCK SLOPE; SOURCE AREA; TRIGGER MECHANISM; VOLCANICLASTICS;

DEBRIS; DEPOSITS; DYNAMIC ANALYSIS; EARTHQUAKES; ELASTICITY; FAILURE ANALYSIS; FRICTION; GEOLOGIC MODELS; HAZARDS; LANDFORMS; RECREATIONAL FACILITIES; RHEOLOGY; ROCKS; VISCOSITY;

QUALITY ASSURANCE;

COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDE; DATING METHOD; DIAMICTON; EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE; EARTHQUAKE TRIGGER; FAILURE MECHANISM; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; MAPPING; NATURAL HAZARD; NUMERICAL MODEL; ROCK AVALANCHE; SLOPE FAILURE; STRESS;

ANDES; CHILE;

EID: 77955171722     PISSN: 00137952     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.05.007     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Antinao J.L., Gosse J. Large rockslide in the Southern Central Andes of Chile (32-34.5°S): tectonic control and significance for Quaternary landscape evolution. Geomorphology 2009, 104:117-133.
2. Assimaki D., Gazetas G. Soil and topographic amplification on canyon banks and the 1999 Athens earthquake. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2004, 8(1):1-43.
3. Ballantyne C.K., Stone J.O., Fifield L.K. Cosmogenic Cl-36 dating of postglacial landsliding at The Storr, Isle of Skye, Scotland. Holocene 1998, 8(3):347-351.
4. Barrientos S., Vera E., Alvarado P., Monfret T. Crustal seismicity in central Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2004, 16(8):759-768.
5. Barton N. A model study of rock-joint deformation. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 1972, 9(5):579-602.
6. Bhasin R., Kaynia A.M. Static and dynamic simulation of a 700-m high rock slope in western Norway. Engineering Geology 2004, 71(3-4):213-226.
7. Bieniawski Z.T. Engineering Rock Mass Classifications: A Complete Manual for Engineers and Geologists in Mining, Civil, and Petroleum Engineering 1989, John Wiley, New York, 272 pp.
8. Bommer J., Martinez-Pereira A. The effective duration of earthquake strong motion. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 1999, 3(2):127-172.
9. Cahill T., Isacks B. Seismicity and shape of the subducted Nazca Plate. Journal of Geophysical Research 1992, 97(B12):17503-17529.
10. Caviedes C., Paskoff R. Quaternary glaciations in the Andes of north-central Chile. Journal of Glaciology 1975, 14(70):155-170.
11. Charrier R., Baeza O., Elgueta S., Flynn J.J., Gana P., Kay S.M., Muñoz N., Wyss A.R., Zurita E. Evidence for Cenozoic extensional basin development and tectonic inversion south of the flat-slab segment, southern Central Andes, Chile (33°-36° S.L.). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2002, 15(1):117-139.
12. Coggan J.S., Stead D., Eyre J. Evaluation of techniques for quarry slope stability assessment. Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Sciences 1998, 107:B139-B147.
13. Corominas J. The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 1996, 33(2):260-271.
14. Costa C.H., Gonzalez-Diaz E.F. Age constraints and paleoseismic implication of rock avalanches in the northern Patagonian Andes, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2007, 24(1):48-57.
15. Dunne J., Elmore D., Muzikar P. Scaling factors for the rates of production of cosmogenic nuclides for geometric shielding and attenuation at depth on sloped surfaces. Geomorphology 1999, 27(1):3-11.
16. Eberhardt E., Stead D., Coggan J.S. Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes - the 1991 Randa rockslide. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 2004, 41(1):69-87.
17. Fisher B.R., Eberhardt E. Numerical modeling and shear strength estimates of bi-planar dip slope failures. Proceedings of the 11th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Lisbon, 9-13 July 2007 2007, 633-636. Taylor & Francis, London. R.E. Sousa (Ed.).
18. Giambiagi L.B., Ramos V.A. Structural evolution of the Andes in a transitional zone between flat and normal subduction (33°30′-33°45′S), Argentina and Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2002, 15(1):101-116.
19. Godoy E. Derrumbes de Cerros Holocenos en los Andes Centrales de Chile. Proceedings of the 7th Chilean Geological Conference, Concepcion, Chile, Vol.1 1994, 310-314.
20. Godoy E. Remociones en masa de aspecto Cuaternario en el frente tectonico cordillerano de Chile central, los depositos de Colo-Coya y Gualtatas, Chile. International Symposium of Environmental Geology for Land Use Planning, Puerto Varas, Chile, Vol. 1 2002, 58-61.
21. Godoy E., Yañez G., Vera E. Inversion of an Oligocene volcano-tectonic basin and uplifting of its superimposed Miocene magmatic arc in the Chilean Central Andes: first seismic and gravity evidences. Tectonophysics 1999, 306(2):217-236.
22. Gosse J.C., Phillips F.M. Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application. Quaternary Science Reviews 2001, 20(14):1475-1560.
23. Hermanns R.L., Niedermann S., Villanueva-Garcia A., Sosa-Gomez J., Strecker M.R. Neotectonics and catastrophic failure of mountain fronts in the southern intra-Andean Puna Plateau, Argentina. Geology 2001, 29(7):619-623.
24. Hermanns R.L., Niedermann S., Ivy-Ochs S., Kubik P.W. Rock avalanching into a landslide-dammed lake causing multiple dam failure in Las Conchas valley (NW Argentina) - evidence from surface exposure dating and stratigraphic analyses. Landslides 2004, 1(2):113-122.
25. Hoek E., Kaiser P.K., Bawden W.F. Support of Underground Excavations in Hard Rock 1995, Balkema, Rotterdam, 215 pp.
26. Hoek E., Carranza-Torres C.T., Corkum B. Hoek-Brown failure criterion - 2002 edition. Proceedings of the Fifth North American Rock Mechanics Symposium (NARMS-TAC), Toronto, 7-10 July 2002 2002, 267-273. University of Toronto Press, vol. 1. Hammah (Ed.).
27. Hungr O., Evans S.G. Rock avalanche runout prediction using a dynamic model. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Landslides, Trondheim, Norway, 17-21 June, 1996 1996, 233-238. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Senneset (Ed.).
28. Hungr O., Evans S.G. Entrainment of debris in rock avalanches; an analysis of a long run-out mechanism. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2004, 116(9/10):1240-1252.
29. Hungr O., Corominas J., Eberhardt E. Estimating landslide motion mechanism, travel distance, and velocity. Landslide Risk Management 2005, 99-128. Taylor and Francis, London. Hungr (Ed.).
30. Itasca UDEC: User's Guide (Version 4.0) 2004, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc, Minneapolis.
31. Jaboyedoff M., Baillifard F., Couture R., Locat J., Locat P. Toward preliminary hazard assessment using DEM topographic analysis and simple mechanical modeling by means of sloping local base level. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, Rio de Janeiro, 28 June-2 July, 2004 2004, 199-205. A.A. Balkema, Leiden, Vol.1. Lacerda (Ed.).
32. Keefer D.K. Landslides caused by earthquakes. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1984, 95(4):406-421.
33. Kimber O.G., Allison R.J., Nicholas J.C. Mechanisms of failure and slope development in rock masses. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series 1998, 23(3):353-370.
34. Kulhawy F.H. Stress deformation properties of rock and rock discontinuities. Engineering Geology 1975, 9(4):327-350.
35. Kvapil R., Clews K.M. An examination of the Prandtl mechanism in large-dimension slope failures. Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Section A: Mining Industry 1979, 88:A1-A5.
36. Li T. A mathematical model for predicting the extent of a major rockfall. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 1983, 27(4):473-482.
37. Lomnitz C. Los terremotos del 4 de Septiembre en el Cajon del Maipo. Anales de la Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas 1961, 3(18):279-306.
38. Marinos V., Marinos P., Hoek E. The geological strength index: applications and limitations. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2005, 64(1):55-65.
39. McDougall, S. 2006. A new continuum dynamic model for the analysis of extremely rapid landslide motion across complex 3-D terrain. Ph.D. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
40. McDougall S., Hungr O. A model for the analysis of rapid landslide motion across three-dimensional terrain. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 2004, 41(6):1084-1097.
41. McDougall S., Pirulli M., Hungr O., Scavia C. Advances in landslide continuum dynamic modeling. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, Xi'an, China, 30 June-4 July 2008 2008, 145-157. CRC Press, London, vol. 1. Chen (Ed.).
42. Mencl V. Mechanics of landslides with non-circular slip surfaces with special reference to the Vaiont slide. Geotechnique 1966, 16(4):329-337.
43. Olsson R., Barton N. An improved model for hydromechanical coupling during shearing of rock joints. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2001, 38(3):317-329.
44. Pardo M., Comte D., Monfret T. Seismotectonic and stress distribution in the central Chile subduction zone. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2002, 15(1):11-22.
45. Phillips F.M., Plummer M.A. CHLOE: a program for interpreting in situ cosmogenic nuclide data for surface exposure dating and erosion studies. Radiocarbon 1996, 38:98-99.
46. Priest S.D. Discontinuity Analysis for Rock Engineering 1993, Chapman & Hall, London, 473 pp.
47. Ramos V.A., Zapata T., Cristallini E., Introcaso A. The Andean Thrust system - latitudinal variations in structural styles and orogenic shortening. AAPG Memoir 2004, Vol. 82:30-50. K.R. McClay (Ed.).
48. Rivano G.S., Sepúlveda H.P., Boric P.R., Espiñeira T.D. Mapa Geológico de la Hoja Quillota-Portillo (escala 1:250.000), V Región de Valparaíso. Carta Geológica de Chile, No. 73 1993, Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Santiago.
49. Scheidegger A. On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides. Rock Mechanics 1973, 5(4):231-236.
50. Sepulveda S.A., Astroza M., Kausel E., Campos J., Casas E., Rebolledo S., Verdugo R. New findings on the 1958 Las Melosas earthquake sequence, central Chile: Implications for seismic hazard related to shallow crustal earthquakes in subduction zones. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2008, 12(3):432-455.
51. Stead D., Eberhardt E., Coggan J.S. Developments in the characterization of complex rock slope deformation and failure using numerical modelling techniques. Engineering Geology 2006, 83(1-3):217-235.
52. Strouth A., Eberhardt E. Integrated back and forward analysis of rock slope stability and rockslide runout at Afternoon Creek, Washington. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 2009, 46(10):1116-1132.
53. Tanner J.G., Shedlock K.M. Seismic hazard maps of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. Tectonophysics 2004, 390(1-4):159-175.
54. Tebbens S.F., Candie S.C. Southeast Pacific tectonic evolution from early Oligocene to present. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102(6):12061-12084.
55. Wyllie D.C., Mah C.W. Rock Slope Engineering: Civil and Mining (4th Edition) 2004, Spon Press, New York, 431 pp.
56. Yañez G., Cembrano J., Pardo M., Ranero C., Selles D. The Challenger-Juan Fernandez-Maipo major tectonic transition of the Nazca-Andean subduction system at 33-34°S: geodynamic evidence and implications. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2002, 15(1):23-38.